Carbon and carbon compounds can be said to be the largest family in chemistry, with more than 20 million members. Diamonds for painting glass, pencil lead for writing, and ink for calligraphy and painting written or painted by some ancient painters in China. In recent years, scientists have found that besides diamond and graphite, there are some new carbon in the form of simple substance.

Among them, C60 molecule was discovered earlier, and the research has made important progress. So how do students learn simple carbon well? In fact, as long as we are good at summarizing, we can learn carbon knowledge well. ?

Grab the main line.

The structure of matter determines the nature of matter, and the nature of matter determines the use of matter. When learning carbon, a simple substance, we should grasp the main line of "structure → property → use".

For the structure, properties and uses of several common carbon elements, we students should pay attention to summing up and be good at discovering internal laws, which is very helpful for mastering carbon knowledge. ?

Remember two simple substances.

Diamond and graphite are the two most common simple substances of carbon, which requires students to remember the properties and uses of these two substances. Although both diamond and graphite are simple substances composed of carbon, their physical properties are very different because of the different arrangement of carbon atoms. ?

The carbon atoms in diamond are connected into a solid three-dimensional network structure, which determines the hardness of diamond, thus determining its use in manufacturing drill bits and glass tools. ?

Each carbon atom in graphite is connected with three surrounding carbon atoms on the same plane, and many such flakes overlap to form graphite. Because each carbon atom has a free electron and graphite can conduct electricity, it can be made into an electrode.

Thin sheets can slide between sheets, so graphite is soft and can be used as pencil lead and lubricant. The connection between carbon atoms is very strong, so its melting point and boiling point are very high, which can be used to make the thermal insulation board of the space shuttle. ?

In addition, be familiar with charcoal and C60. Charcoal has a loose and porous structure, which determines that it has strong adsorption and can be used as an adsorbent. Activated carbon has stronger adsorption than charcoal. It can be used as a canister in gas masks and a decoloring agent in sugar industry. C60 molecule is a molecule composed of 60 carbon atoms. This structure is very stable, which determines that it has many special properties.