In Vermeer's skopos framework, one of the most important factors determining the translation purpose is the audience-the recipients who are asked, who have their own cultural background knowledge, expectations and exchange translation needs. Every translation point is in the hands of some people, so translation is "the production of target scenes and discourses for specific purposes and target audiences." Vermeer believes that the original goal is only to provide some or all sources of information for evidence. It shows that the position of the original purpose is obviously lower than its position in such a theory.
The Origin and Development Purpose of Translation
In 1970s, functional theory rose in Germany. The development has gone through several stages.
The first stage: catherina? Les introduced functional category into translation criticism for the first time, linked language function, text type and translation strategy, and developed a translation criticism model based on the relationship between source text and translation function, thus forming a functional school. Rice believes that the ideal translation should be comprehensive communicative translation, that is, the conceptual content, language form and communicative function are opposite to the original text, but in practice, the functional characteristics of translation should be given priority.
The second stage: Hans? Vermeer put forward the purpose of translation studies, that is, to get rid of the shackles of the original. According to this theory, original translation is an act based on purpose and result, which must be completed through negotiation; Translation must be guided by certain laws, the most important of which is the law of purpose. In other words, the purpose of translation depends on the translated text. In addition, translation must follow the "internal coherence rule of language" and the "intertextual coherence rule". The former refers to the internal coherence of translation, that is, the translation seems to be understandable by the receiver, while the latter refers to the continuity between the translation and the original. After the introduction of these three principles, the evaluation standard of translation is no longer "equivalence", but to achieve the expected goal of the complete version. Vermeer also put forward the concept of appointed translation, that is, the translator should decide whether, when and how to complete the translation task. In other words, the translator should adopt corresponding translation strategies according to different translation purposes, and at the same time, he has the right to decide which translation purposes of the original text should be retained and which ones need to be adjusted or modified.
Fermir believes that the highest law of translation should be "objective law". In other words, different translation strategies and methods are adopted for different purposes. In other words, the purpose of translation determines the strategies and methods of translation. Skopostheorie gives a good explanation for the disputes between domestication and foreignization in the history of translation between China and the West, as well as the extensive discussions and dynamic dialogues in the field of translation in recent 23 years. Whether foreignization is adopted in translation depends on the purpose of translation. Just as the function of translation theory is to take "objective principle" as the highest criterion, any translation activity is purposeful, and the main function and ultimate goal of translation is to help people understand the main content of the film and stimulate the audience's desire to watch it. Therefore, we need to have a simple understanding of functional translation theory, especially the Skopostheorie school.
Phase III: Justa? Choc-Manta studied communication and behavior and translation behavior in theory, further developed the functional theory, and regarded translation theory as interpersonal interaction driven by purpose and oriented by translation results. The theory and purpose of Vermeer have a lot in common, so does Vermeer.
Stage 4: Christina? Arnold comprehensively summarized and improved the function of the school. Christina. Arnold first expounded the internal and external factors that need to be considered in the English translation system, and how to formulate corresponding translation strategies according to the translation purpose of the original text. Christina. Arnold put forward functionalism and suggested that translators should follow the guiding principle of "function increases loyalty" to improve this theory.