Introduction of common clothing fabrics 1) cotton fabric: refers to the fabric woven from cotton yarn or cotton and cotton-based chemical fiber blended yarn. With good air permeability, good hygroscopicity and comfortable wearing, it is a popular fabric with strong practicability. It can be divided into two categories: pure cotton products and cotton blending.
2) Hemp fabric: pure hemp fabric woven from hemp fiber and fabric blended or interwoven with hemp and other fibers are collectively called hemp fabric. Hemp fabric also has the characteristics of hard and tough texture, rough and crisp, cool and comfortable, and good hygroscopicity. Hemp fabrics can be divided into pure spinning and blended fabrics.
3) Silk: It is a high-grade variety in textiles. Mainly refers to the fabric with mulberry silk, tussah silk, rayon and synthetic fiber filaments as the main raw materials. It has the advantages of being thin, light, soft, smooth, elegant, gorgeous and comfortable.
Wool fabric: it is a fabric made of wool, rabbit hair, camel hair and wool-type chemical fiber as the main raw materials. Generally speaking, it is a high-grade clothing fabric all year round, which has the advantages of good elasticity, wrinkle resistance, stiffness, wear resistance, strong warmth retention, comfort and beauty, pure color and so on, and is well received by consumers.
5) Pure chemical fiber fabric: chemical fiber fabric has high fastness, good elasticity, stiffness, wear resistance and washing resistance, and is easy to store and collect, and is deeply loved by people. Pure chemical fiber fabric is a fabric woven from pure chemical fibers. Its characteristics are determined by the characteristics of its chemical fiber itself. Chemical fibers can be processed into a certain length according to different needs, and woven into silk-like, cotton-like, hemp-like, elastic wool-like and medium-long wool-like fabrics according to different processes.
6) Other clothing fabrics
1. Knitted garment fabric: It is made of one or several yarns that are continuously bent into loops along the weft or warp direction and nested with each other.
2, fur: English pelliccia, leather with fur, generally used for winter boots, shoes or shoe mouth decoration.
3. Leather: all kinds of tanned animal skins. The purpose of tanning is to prevent skin deterioration. The skins of some small animals, reptiles, fish and birds are called skins in English, but they are often used in Italy or other countries? Peller? And its consent word to represent this kind of leather.
4. New fabrics and special fabrics: space cotton, etc.
1, the characteristics of cotton ordinary clothing fabrics
Cotton cloth is a general term for all kinds of cotton textiles. Mostly used to make fashion, casual wear, underwear and shirts. Its advantages are easy to keep warm, soft and close-fitting, moisture absorption and air permeability. Its disadvantage is that it is easy to shrink and wrinkle, and its appearance is not crisp and beautiful, so it must be ironed often when wearing it.
2. Flax
Flax is a kind of cloth made of hemp, flax, ramie, jute, sisal, banana and other hemp plant fibers. Generally used to make casual clothes and work clothes, now it is also used to make ordinary summer clothes. Its advantages are extremely high strength, good hygroscopicity, thermal conductivity and air permeability. Its disadvantages are uncomfortable to wear and rough and stiff appearance.
3. Silk
Silk is the general name of all kinds of silk fabrics woven from silk. Like cotton cloth, it has many varieties and different personalities. It can be used to make all kinds of clothes, especially women's clothes. Its advantages are light, healthy, soft, smooth, breathable, colorful, shiny, elegant and comfortable. Its disadvantages are easy to wrinkle, easy to absorb, not strong enough and fast fading.
4. woolen cloth
Wool fabric, also called wool fabric, is the general name of all kinds of fabrics made of wool and cashmere. Usually suitable for making formal and high-grade clothes such as dresses, suits and coats. Its advantages are wrinkle resistance, wear resistance, soft feel, elegance, flexibility and warmth. Its main disadvantage is that it is difficult to wash and is not suitable for summer clothes.
5. Leather
Leather is a kind of tanned animal fur fabric. Mostly used to make fashion and winter clothes. It can also be divided into two categories: one is leather, that is, leather that has been depilated. The second kind is fur, which is treated leather with fur. Its advantages are lightness, warmth and elegance. Its disadvantages are high price, high requirements for storage and care, and it is not suitable for popularization.
6. Chemical fiber
Chemical fiber is short for chemical fiber. This is a fiber textile made of polymer. Usually divided into two categories: man-made fibers and synthetic fibers. Their advantages are bright colors, soft texture, crisp drape, smoothness and comfort. Their disadvantages are poor wear resistance, heat resistance, hygroscopicity and air permeability, easy to deform when heated and easy to generate static electricity. Although it can be used to make all kinds of clothes, the overall grade is not high and it is difficult to be elegant.
Step 7 mix
Blending is a fabric made of natural fibers and chemical fibers in a certain proportion, which can be used to make various garments. Its advantages are that it not only absorbs the respective advantages of cotton, hemp, silk, wool and chemical fiber, but also avoids their respective disadvantages as much as possible, and its value is relatively cheap, so it is very popular.
Weft-knitted yarn of commonly used knitted garment fabric 1 moves from one side of the machine to the other, and new knitting loops can be formed with the movement of needles. The yarn of weft-knitted fabric runs horizontally, and the fabric is woven by a row of loops along the horizontal direction. All the coils in a row are made of one yarn. Weft-knitted fabrics can be finished on flat knitting machine or circular knitting machine.
2) Warp-knitted yarns are warp-knitted in warp knitted fabrics, just like warp yarns of woven fabrics, which are supplied by warp beams, and a large number of yarns arranged in parallel are wound on the warp beams, similar to yarns in weaving. The direction of yarn in warp knitted fabric is warp. A vertical coil is formed in one row, and then it moves diagonally to another row, and another coil is formed in the next row. The yarn moves from one side to the other in the fabric along the length direction. What? In zigzag, each coil in a row is made of different yarn.
weft-knitted fabric
Based on the principle that the weft knitting machine loops from the transverse direction, the woven cloth becomes a weft knitted fabric. Weft-knitted fabrics are mostly used in the manufacture of underwear because of their good moisture absorption, breathability, softness and elasticity.
Weft knitting machines are divided into
1. Flat knitting machine: Generally, flat knitting machine is thicker than cylinder machine, and it is mostly used for sweaters. In addition, flat knitting machine is often used when knitting collars and sleeves, because it can knit the required size without cutting. The collar and sleeves of flat knitting machine are actually rib structures, and commonly used ones are 12G and 14G. The length limit of yarn guide depends on the length of flat knitting machine, which can generally be woven to more than 30 inches. Generally, the flat knitting machine can weave two colors of transverse guide, and the spacing can be controlled at will. As for the jacquard collar, you need a flat knitting machine with jacquard equipment to knit it.
2. Single-faced machine: Single-faced machine only uses lower knitting needles and knitting needles for weaving, so its fabric has obvious bottom point.
3. Plain weave machine: The main function of plain weave machine is to weave plain weave fabrics, such as plain weave and row plain weave. If we can cooperate with the design of yarn nozzle, we can weave the plain weave of silk-covered cotton, and if we are equipped with the arrangement of needle angles and stitches, we can weave single-bead ground, double-bead ground and unit clothes. The new flat knitting machine is equipped with four-level angle, which can arrange stitches of four different heights, and with needle-containing and die-closing angle, some small jacquard fabrics can be woven.
4. Two-position clothing: Two-position clothing has a special structure and special design of corners, so this machine can only weave two-position clothing and beaded two-position clothing. If you change the edges and needles, you can weave plain cloth.
5. towel machine: towel machine and shearing machine belong to the same category, strictly speaking, there is a difference. Towel knitting machine and ordinary knitting machine are designed on knitting needles and yarn guides respectively.
6. Clothes hanger: Clothes hanger is a new type of flat knitting machine with thread hanging equipment, and it can also be used to weave ordinary plain cloth.
7. Automatic intertwining machine: Automatic intertwining machine can be divided into machine room and mechanical room. It is mainly used to weave some transverse fabrics, and its period and the length of each color space are theoretically infinite. The automatic loom can weave the specified spacing of modules, mainly because each module yarn nozzle is equipped with four fingers, and each finger is connected with yarns of different colors. When the finger is selected, the color change of each line can be controlled. Since each pattern has only four fingers, only four or fewer color combinations can be woven. As for weaving more than four colors, it depends on the arrangement of spacing and the method of yarn arrangement.
8. Jacquard flat knitting machine refers to a machine that weaves different patterns with two or more yarns of different colors. The general jacquard flat knitting machine is based on the principle of sending needles by drum (most of them are like this). In addition, there are fully computerized jacquard machines. The so-called computer jacquard machine means that the computer stores the pattern data in the computer disk in advance, and then puts the disk into the loom, and the weaving is controlled by the computer.
9. Double-sided machine: Double-sided machine refers to a cylinder machine with upper and lower dials. It is not an interlocking machine in the general sense, but a kind of double-sided machine.
10. Interlocking machine: Because the interlocking structure is a basic structure, the structure of interlocking machine is specially designed for this structure. This machine will not change much except for the left interlocking stitch and some stitch arrangements. A new kind of matching needle should be angled, and it can also be woven into feather cloth and double-sided cloth.
1 1. rib machine: The biggest difference between rib machine and interlocking machine is that the upper and lower needle grooves of the former are arranged mutually, while the latter is arranged relatively. Rib knitting machines can knit more fabrics than interlocking machines. It can weave 1* 1 rib, 2*2 wick cloth, chicken beating cloth and bead cloth, or it can be a concrete combination of the two and any organization arrangement.
12. automatic machine room: the double-sided machine room is mainly composed of interlocking organizations of automatic machines, and occasionally some stitches are woven, which can be divided into machine room and mechanical room.
13. Jacquard double-sided machine: There are many kinds of jacquard double-sided machines, and the principle of needle selection is basically the same. Jacquard double-sided fabrics can be divided into two types, one is a patterned jacquard fabric woven with yarns of different colors, which is called halftone jacquard fabric, and the other is a jacquard fabric woven with blank yarns with different loop arrangements and structures, which is called pure jacquard fabric.