China's academic circles are closely related to politics. In a weak dynasty, Song Like Dynasty, literature and art were not very developed. As you can see, many famous scholars are from Sui and Tang Dynasties. Because of political reasons, the development of academic circles is different. The historical background of the mainland and Taiwan Province Province is different, so Taiwan Province Province doesn't want to talk about it, because in the north, it seems difficult to talk about the mainland. After all, there was a "small court" at that time. During the Song and Jin Rebellion, with the encouragement of my teacher, I made my first paper and published it. Since then, I have embarked on the road of no return in the history of the Song Dynasty. Only a few people in Taiwan Province Province are doing the Southern Song Dynasty. This long-term loneliness will find that when others think he is more and more important, we want to find him more and more.

For a long time, many people regarded each dynasty as the same strain. After all, they set the tone for you. But in the Song Dynasty, as we all know, it was an era of valuing literature over martial arts, and no one went into it. But I found that there were adjustments, which was the difference in the Song Dynasty. Under this idea, we can find many changes, so I want to take this opportunity to let everyone know. Whether it is a dynasty of 300 years or 400 years, he is related before and after. In many other places, the Southern Song Dynasty was regarded as the moderns of China, and some people overseas said that that era was an era of spiritual civilization. I don't usually talk about it. In that case, I want to talk to you more.

The first thing I want to talk about is of course the political aspect. In the case of war, it is difficult for a person who is not really positioned as the heir to the throne to develop independently. It is difficult for us to understand the era of Song Gaozong, but he never cared about politics until he manipulated politics, so that he became the father of the emperor and influenced politics. This is not a simple man. At that time, the world was in chaos, and a group of diligent kings were going to the capital, but none of these teams had many necessary things. On the other hand, they kept fleeing south to make peace with retreat, but the Jin people did not accept it. Do not recognize the existence of this person and this regime at all. There is a reason to go south. Jiangnan economy is the lifeblood of support. On the other hand, he is the only one in the Zhao family. After his death, the regime ceased to exist. This is to link the fate of individuals with the country, thus forming the early Southern Song Dynasty. It is difficult for the army of the Song Dynasty to organize Jin people, but many stragglers are organizing Jin people to go south. This is also a double armed barrier formed later, and it can even be inherited later, which is unacceptable in the Northern Song Dynasty. In fact, this is mainly to maintain internal stability. In this case, the Song people realized that only war could make peace. For Song, a great threat is the self-esteem of the generals. General strength accounts for 80%, which greatly threatens the development of the central government. Faced with this form, there are two forms. The first stage is to restore military power through war. In the second stage, the general was transferred to a senior official in Beijing by peaceful takeover of military power, which was actually a diversion. In the name of mutiny, Song Gaozong had a set of methods for civil servants and military commanders, so he should know some historical officials objectively.

The history of the Southern Song Dynasty has undergone several changes. As you can see, during the period of peace and war in the Song Dynasty, war dominated. In this case, you can see that the emphasis between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty is different. Although the voice of war was the mainstream, harmony was beneficial to the development of the Southern Song Dynasty at that time. The Southern Song Dynasty was established and developed on the basis of the Northern Song Dynasty, and it was based on the economy in the south of the Yangtze River. The Southern Song Dynasty was a weak soldier, so it emphasized the defensive nature. We can't underestimate the defensive power of the Southern Song Dynasty, because it is weak, so he put special emphasis on defense. Building a country with its back to the sea has formed three key national defense trends. Use civilian forces to assist the official forces in garrison. Use the ocean to develop overseas trade. After the Southern Song Dynasty, the Maritime Silk Road was also very prosperous, which led to the emergence of a very difficult offshore country in the history of China, which was developed in the new environment. The new military deployment and new economic tactics made the Southern Song Dynasty adopt an all-inclusive economic way to defend the country. On the one hand, he took in stragglers to strengthen national defense, on the other hand, he disposed of these generals when the situation was stable. He used many methods to let the princes die, some created contradictions, some developed northward, and eliminated them with gold people.

Song also implemented the promotion of pets, making the local deployment general, in order to nibble at themselves. The monopoly of the economy has led to a large number of smuggling trade, and in this case, a large number of civil unrest has also been formed. These uprisings were all initiated by merchants of tea, salt and wine. These people are mobile, unlike farmers. Great political changes took place in the Southern Song Dynasty, allowing the establishment of local troops. In this way, the central and local governments exercise double restraint and maintain local public order. Due to the double barrier between the local and the central government, many local troops later participated in the Northern War and disappeared in the local area.

Emperors in Southern Song Dynasty centralized power, decentralized power and decentralized power. The Southern Song Dynasty is different from the Northern Song Dynasty in this respect. In the Northern Song Dynasty, officials had great power. Even before the prime minister goes to court, he should inquire about the comments of officials to avoid making mistakes. Why does a speech function have such right to speak and influence? In fact, they are all doing what the emperor wants to do, but it is not convenient to do. As a historical villain like Qin Heng, in fact, we should look at what he has done from a balanced perspective.

The Southern Song Dynasty paid special attention to the balance between civil and military affairs, and treated civil servants and military commanders differently. For example, military commanders can enjoy many privileges, but civil servants must abide by the law. They take the form of checks and balances, which is a balance considered by the government. He can't simply raise literati, which will cause many problems. Officials in the Southern Song Dynasty actively promoted political reform, even extreme, but attacked each other, often ending in mutual loss. In the Southern Song Dynasty, officials were faced with the problem of saving the country for survival, so many people criticized it. The bureaucratic system of the Southern Song Dynasty determined a phenomenon. After retirement, everyone can continue to be classmates when they go back to their hometown.

We can find a phenomenon that the bridge construction in the Southern Song Dynasty was very good. If it's really shabby, how can it be built so well? In fact, there is another aspect, that is, the identity of an official, so that rich people, local officials and retired officials can jointly build a place. We see many songs of the Song Dynasty, which are actually controlled by local religions, and so are temples. Because the culture of the Southern Song Dynasty is better, especially the songs. Therefore, many people who don't know the future will also express their views on politics through such literary methods. After some actions of government officials lead to their dissatisfaction, they will become something circulated among the people. So many times, bad people do this, which shows that scholars are shaping bad people in this way. No matter in Taiwan Province province or in mainland China, we can see some phenomena, that is, people will be beautified if they have money. Some nouveau riche become celebrities, and his descendants will be regarded as celebrities and gain new friends and status in society. In fact, this phenomenon also existed in the Southern Song Dynasty at that time. Many rich people and officials want him to be recommended by scholars, so that he has the capital to show off.

All the dynasties, from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, have changed, but they must not be changed because of a certain change. Finance was the key to the Southern Song Dynasty. It is based on the economy of Jiangnan. Many local forces, whether monopolized or otherwise, are actually some strategic adjustments. From the development of science and technology in the Northern Song Dynasty to the development of literature in the Southern Song Dynasty, this transformation has strengthened the combination of individuals and society. Therefore, their key business areas are local and often utilitarian.

Fu Sheng Zhen Yu