1, metaphorical argument. Metaphor argument is an argument method that uses concrete, vivid and vivid things as metaphors to prove more abstract truth.

2. Metaphor is a rhetorical method of analogy with similar things. What is compared is called ontology, what is compared is called vehicle, and the words connecting the two are called metaphor (like, right, like).

3. Several methods of metaphor argumentation: metaphor description, metaphor evaluation and metaphor reasoning.

First, pay attention to the problem

(1) What is used as a vehicle should be familiar, concrete and simple, so as to explain another thing in a popular and vivid way.

(2) The metaphor should be appropriate and natural, and it should be able to properly explain the characteristics of the things being demonstrated. Teachers can be compared to candles and spring silkworms, which shows that they have given everything selflessly, but they can't be compared to keeping others clean, but like increasingly dirty rags and brooms. This kind of metaphor is called "metaphorical meaning loss" and should be paid attention to.

(3) Any metaphor is flawed, because the two sides of the metaphor lack essential internal relations. To discuss a problem completely and profoundly, we should not rely on just a few metaphors, but combine examples and analysis.

Second, learn to describe visually.

1, take the natural scenery around you as a metaphor, and it looks wonderful.

For example, the author made a wonderful metaphor to demonstrate the view of "ordinary but proud".

Ex.: I am extraordinary. I am one of countless stars, but I am proud of my light today; I am a bud on the earth. Although it is not fragrant or bright, I am proud of the upcoming opening. I am ordinary, but ordinary and valuable; I am ordinary, but I have dignity in ordinary!

-2004 Liaoning college entrance examination perfect score composition "That wisp of eternal pride"

2. Qu Yuan committed suicide by throwing himself into the river. He is a writer of more than ten thousand. Only by using metaphors can it be memorable.

Example: I can't imagine what kind of face Qu Yuan, a talented person who can cut the liver and drain the gallbladder, is, standing on the bank of the Miluo River in despair and singing proudly. Li Sao has a long history. Some people say that beautiful poetry is a struggle and transcendence of bitterness. I think Qu Yuan is wandering in despair with the sadness of the broken wings of a bluebird. His robe fluttered in the north wind, and he transcended extremes and heroism and jumped off the Miluo River with an atmosphere that he didn't like around him!

-Ren Yan's "The Jade Bird with Broken Wings"

3. Writing "Running Experience" should start with the metaphor of other things and approach the theme step by step in the description of the image. For example, in 2005, Hunan college entrance examination excellent composition "That Fish That Eagle That Man".

Example:

I compare myself to a fish, and I will try to find an exit out of water.

I compare myself to an eagle, and I will try my best to fly out of the blue sky.

I am myself, I want to run, run out of my parents' sight, and run on my own track.

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Third, learn to draw inferences from others.

1, learn to demonstrate the case being demonstrated with similar cases.

For example, but who can tell? Just like Ji Fa can't get rid of insults, Shiqian can't avoid castration, and Su Shi can't escape the poetry case, all of which are arranged by God. Isn't Ji Kang's death a kind of detachment, a way to turn perishable body into eternal spirit?

-2005 Jiangsu college entrance examination perfect score composition "The Voice of the Night"

2. Learn to express your ideas by means of transportation.

For example, Shandong candidates used subtle metaphors to demonstrate that "there is a win-win talent * * * brilliant".

For example, if you want to be a beautiful peony, you should also understand that a flower is not spring, and spring should be a colorful world.

Even if I am a solitary pine standing proudly, I have to understand that it is not a hero to stand out from the crowd, but the rows of trees are the solid Great Wall to keep out the wind and sand.

Even if you are a sailboat ready to go, you should understand that a boat alone is not a landscape, and Qian Fan can only show the magnificence of the sea.

-2005 Shandong college entrance examination perfect score composition "win-win, you and I * * * brilliant"

3. Metaphorically, casting China chapter.

For example, in order to illustrate "the importance of win-win", the author uses profound metaphors.

Example: selfishness, fool's opinion; It is wise to create a win-win situation. Win-win is the foundation of confidence, the source of strength, the searchlight to open the road of life and the golden key to success. Win-win will make you and me brilliant.

-2005 Shandong college entrance examination perfect score composition "win-win, you and I * * * brilliant"

4, no trace, natural brushwork, full of pen power. In order to explain the truth that "one should stick to one's conscience", the author skillfully uses figurative brushwork.

There is always a lamp in our hearts, which always shines with a warm spark and illuminates the goodness in our hearts.

There are always a group of people in this world, always guarding the lamp, carefully caring for it and letting it illuminate the cold corner.

-Song Jinghai's "The Lamp Watching the Mind"

Fourth, learn to evaluate visually.

1, learn to associate and imagine, and introduce people with wonderful metaphors.

If Zhao Jun went to the temple, it was a very short moment. In order to show Zhao Jun's unique self-confidence, the author used a wonderful metaphor.

Example: At the moment when Zhao Jun walked towards the temple with his head held high, it was doomed that a Datura flower would bloom brilliantly. This is just an ordinary flower, not a golden eagle, but its light is enough to cover all the gold and silver.

-"The Endless Pride", a perfect composition for Liaoning College Entrance Examination in 2005.

2. Learn to be meticulous and use delicate brushwork and metaphor to evaluate characters.

Example: A dim oil lamp lit up Sima Qian's locked forehead. His passionate emotions oozed from the ups and downs of his blood and turned into colorful words under his fingertips, firmly filled with simple ideals. An ant doesn't know spring and autumn, and a coat on a stone doesn't know day and night. And he, Sima Qian, who endured humiliation, walked the whole mountain forest. Spring is blooming and autumn is crisp, and summer insects are singing in the winter sun. However, the sparkling Historical Records, like a feast, penetrated the flowing years and gave birth to one literary master after another.

-Wu Di's Farewell to Death

3. The superb metaphor lies in sticking to the theme properly, such as a passage in a perfect composition with the title of "limelight, streaky belly and leopard tail" in 2005.

Example: When we no longer keep a close eye on history with myopic eyes, we will be surprised to see that at that moment, the blood gushing from the honest and frank unyielding neck seems to have turned into a luxurious and beautiful leopard tail, beating on the back of a decadent dynasty, leaving a shocking sound in the dark night sky. Yes, Ji Kang didn't have a shining beginning like a phoenix head or a thick process like a pig's belly, but he wrote down the cowardice of the authorities and the self-esteem of the literati with music, bones and supplies, and wrote down the last journey of his glorious life. As a result, history left the most proud and unique chapter of China intellectuals-Wei-Jin demeanor. -2005 Jiangsu college entrance examination perfect score composition "The Voice of the Night"

Method summary:

The following questions should be paid attention to when using metaphor argument:

1, learn to associate and imagine; Pay attention to understanding the problem from a height.

Imagination (association) training:

Example: Zhaojun-(Lenovo)-Romance Flower

What else can people be like?

Man-mouse (click on your conscience like a mouse) (hint: draw materials from things around you)

Man-blackboard eraser (like an eraser to erase the stain of life)

Man-grass (ordinary life is full of perseverance) (hint: make good use of this endless treasure of nature)

Man-plum blossom (in the cold)

Man-Song Qing (unyielding character standing under heavy snow)

People's torch (like a torch to light up the once dark world)

……

2. Find out the similarities between different things.

Example: Ji Kang's death-shocking the world-flogging the decadent dynasty-luxurious and beautiful leopard tail.

Su Shi in Poetry Cases —— (Cautious )—— Wandering and Lonely Hong

Historical transformation after castration-(silence and persistence)-a solid rock

Qu Yuan after Exile —— (The Road of the Tragedy of Heroes) —— A bluebird with broken wings.

Su Wu in the snow-(persistent)-Populus euphratica.

……

3. We should properly describe the characteristics of similar things (vehicles) to express the ontology.

Example: Conscience lamp (lamp is warm and bright, which can illuminate the world and soul. )

Life-white paper (white paper is blank and simple. To fill, to enrich. )

Songs of life (songs are low and high, so you should sing quietly)

Spirit-Monument (standing, immortal, can inspire future generations and lead others. )

……

No matter how you use metaphors, you should pay attention to sticking to the theme.