1999 is China's "government online year". The national information department officially launched the government online project, and plans to strive to achieve 80% of national ministries and governments at all levels online by 2000. Up to now, more than 100 government departments at all levels have established websites on the Internet, and more than 800 government departments have applied for domain names, of which more than 200 have been put into operation. It can be seen that the government's online project has been widely recognized and responded positively. However, we should also be soberly aware that the government's online access not only touches technology, but also touches a brand-new management model, even a lifestyle marked by informationization. The "e-government" it wants to build brings unprecedented opportunities to government management, but also brings many difficulties and problems, which poses a severe challenge to the current government management system, management functions and management decision-making methods. Therefore, how to seize the opportunity, meet the challenge, formulate the online strategy suitable for China's national conditions, turn the challenge into the driving force of government reform, and promote the in-depth reform of China's administrative system has become an important issue that needs to be solved urgently in the administrative management circle.

First, the opportunities brought by the government's online access to the government management.

The government goes online to build an "electronic government". The main connotation of "e-government" is to build an electronic virtual organization based on computer network environment by using information technology and communication technology, so as to improve government organizations, reorganize public management, and finally realize office automation and information resource sharing. The extension of "e-government" covers almost all government management functions except special circumstances stipulated by law. The opportunities brought by the government's internet access to government management are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

(1) It is conducive to developing socialist democracy and promoting administration according to law.

With the development of economy and the progress of society, the cultural quality of citizens is constantly improving, and their democratic consciousness is also gradually strengthening. They have the will and ability to participate in state management and social activities, which is manifested in passive participation to active participation, from minority to majority, from part to whole. The government's surfing the Internet just caters to the needs of the development of democratic politics and opens up an effective way for citizens to exercise their democratic rights, participate in and discuss state affairs. The public can use the Internet as a channel to express their opinions, engage in dialogue with government leaders and even participate in policy formulation. The government can also directly adopt the reasonable suggestions of the masses to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. The transparency of management and the openness of government affairs that come with the Internet also play an irreplaceable and unique role in expanding people's understanding of government management, implementing effective supervision over government management, standardizing government behavior, and ensuring government administration according to law. Internet access helps government civil servants to correct their work style and position themselves as public servants, and also helps the government to correct management mistakes in time and assume responsibility for dereliction of duty.

(2) It is conducive to strengthening the management and service functions of the government and eliminating bureaucracy.

Government Internet access is a government function, but not all functions can access the Internet. In addition to the special circumstances stipulated by law, we should also consider the government's ability to understand what the government can do online. This undoubtedly provides a "mirror" for the government to clearly understand its own functions and capabilities, and can make the government make up its mind to establish a limited government, that is, to establish a government whose power, function, scale and behavior are clearly restricted by the Constitution and laws, and openly accept social supervision and restriction. It can be seen that the government's online access has played a role of reference and catalyst for its transformation function. Of course, the electronization of online functions and the sequential execution of computer programs will further limit the expansion of functions and restrict their standardized exercise. At present, the functions of government departments in China are changing from management-oriented to management-oriented. The government can use the opportunity of surfing the Internet to improve its management and service functions, improve the organization, methods and behaviors of administrative management, make government affairs move from mysterious closure to transparent openness, make management move from indirect to direct, and turn civil servants from "high-ranking" bureaucrats into public servants with high quality services. Of course, the most important management service function of online government is to provide equal and fair information resources for the society. Judging from the current situation in China, the biggest owner of information resources is the government. After the government goes online, it will overcome all kinds of logistics and information flow obstacles and organizational obstacles, put an end to the division of departments and bureaucracy caused by the emphasis on division of labor in traditional management organizational forms and material composition, overcome the phenomenon of information asymmetry, make the distribution and flow of information more reasonable, and make rational and effective use of information resources, thus optimizing the allocation of social resources and improving the quality and efficiency of national economic operation. Therefore, the government publicizes policies through the Internet, expands service functions, improves work efficiency, and curbs and eliminates bureaucracy, thus enabling the government to better complete the task of investing in basic social services and infrastructure and better serve the society.

(3) It is conducive to building a high-quality national civil servant team and selecting and appointing outstanding talents.

The management function, management mode and management behavior of "e-government" are quite different from those of previous governments, and the demand for the comprehensive quality of national civil servants, especially the lack and urgent demand for management and scientific and technological quality, will continue to increase. Therefore, in the face of new opportunities and challenges, civil servants must attach importance to their own continuing education and comprehensive ability training, motivate themselves to increase their theoretical knowledge and practical ability as soon as possible, adapt to the new administrative environment on the Internet as soon as possible, and be competent for the work in "e-government". As a result, the government's access to the Internet provides a broad development space and opportunities for national civil servants to display their talents.

Second, the problems and challenges faced by the government on the Internet.