I believe everyone has written a composition, especially an argumentative essay. The three elements of argumentative writing are argument, argument and argument. How to write this type of composition? The following is a brief discussion paper on the relationship between technological innovation, product innovation and product research and development. Welcome to reading. I hope you will like it.
Paper Keywords: technological innovation, product innovation, product research and development relationship
Abstract: The relationship among technological innovation, product innovation and product research and development is inseparable. The three have a high degree of convergence, and at the same time each has its own characteristics. In a word, R&D is a strong supporter of innovation, and innovation is the goal of R&D. ..
I. Connotation of technological innovation, product innovation and product research and development
Product innovation refers to products that have been listed for the first time, products that have never appeared before, or products that have greatly improved existing products in many aspects such as main structure, function and characteristics. Product innovation also includes product appearance or internal design, process and concept innovation. The survival of any enterprise depends on products, and any enterprise that wants to have better development depends on product innovation, because the success of product innovation will directly affect its market competitiveness. The product innovation of an enterprise must be carried out closely around the core element of enterprise products: the success of product innovation will ultimately be reflected through the development and production of new products. Therefore, enterprises must analyze the existing products and implement different strategies for different products.
Product research and development is a systematic creative work that applies new knowledge and new technology. Refers to the use of knowledge and technology obtained from existing research and practical experience to produce new materials, products and devices, establish new processes, systems and services, and substantially improve the above-mentioned projects that have been produced and established.
Second, technological innovation, product innovation and product development characteristics
Fundamentally speaking, the most important similarities among technological innovation, product innovation and product R&D all revolve around the word "new". Technological innovation focuses on the creative process from scratch, while product R&D focuses on the application of innovative technology, and product innovation is in between.
1. Characteristics of technological innovation
Technological innovation can be said to be the soul of enterprise's survival and development and the core competitiveness of enterprise in an invincible position. It generally includes product innovation, process innovation, material innovation, management innovation and so on. Generally speaking, technological innovation has the following characteristics:
(1) hysteresis
The source of technological innovation is technological invention, but due to the feasibility of actual technology, the quantification of raw materials and economic benefits, scientific management evaluation and other reasons, it often takes a period of time from the appearance of technological invention to the realization of technological innovation, which objectively causes a certain degree of lag in technological innovation.
(2) periodicity
Technological innovation is not a kind of progress in essence, but a revolution. According to the objective law of development and change, no specific technology will become its final model.
(3) timeliness
Technological innovation is realized by human beings using their own wisdom and experience, according to the existing technology and combining the current objective and actual conditions.
2. Product innovation characteristics
In the final analysis, product innovation is an innovation network formed by many innovation activities, which covers a series of processes and links such as product research and development, manufacturing, improvement and optimization. Product innovation is the qualitative change of products from scratch or itself, and it is the process of exploring and creating new products. Generally speaking, product innovation has the following characteristics:
(1) dependency
Product innovation needs not only human wisdom, but also corresponding hardware equipment, such as funds, equipment, venues and so on. Product innovation has great dependence on the technical and economic level of enterprises. In different environments and conditions, the expected effect and content of product innovation will be different.
② Uncertainty
Innovation is a technological exploration activity. Everything is unknown until the innovative behavior is transformed into the actual product. In this process, there are inevitable uncertainties, including technical uncertainty, innovation investment uncertainty, market uncertainty and so on.
(3) Cyclic constraint
Innovation is essentially the inheritance and breakthrough of existing technology, and its innovation degree is largely restricted by the existing technology level of enterprises; On the other hand, innovation will promote the technological progress of enterprises. Innovation is the source of enterprise development and the core competitiveness of enterprises. The level of innovation will directly affect the development of enterprises and even the issue of life and death.
(4) Risk
Product innovation itself is an activity in which opportunities and risks coexist. Innovation will be affected by technical conditions, operating conditions, internal and external environment, market demand, relevant policies and other issues, which will bring certain risks to enterprise product innovation. Innovation must pass through barriers such as technical risk, commercial risk and market risk to realize innovation benefits.
(5) Complexity
Product innovation essentially includes many aspects, such as technological innovation, concept innovation, appearance design innovation, functional innovation, management innovation and so on. As long as there is innovation in one or more of the above aspects, a product can be said to have achieved product innovation.
3. Characteristics of product development
Product research and development is an important part of enterprise product innovation, a key condition for enterprise survival and development, and refers to the whole process of new product conception, research and development, production and start-up. R&D (research and development) is an international scientific and technological term. According to the definition of UNESCO, R&D refers to a systematic creative activity that increases the total amount of knowledge (including human cultural and social knowledge) and uses these new knowledge to create new applications. Generally speaking, research and development consists of three activities: basic research, applied research and technology development. Its main features are as follows:
(1) social demand
Social demand affects the development of science and technology and also restricts the research and development of enterprise products. Since R&D of enterprises is an important intermediary to meet social needs and promote social development, enterprises in most countries carry out further R&D activities on the basic research results obtained by scientific research institutions, and finally realize the commercialization and industrialization of research results.
(2) comprehensiveness
Product R&D refers to the application of basic research results and applied research results to production practice, so that new scientific and technological principles can be transformed into practical research of new products and new processes, or old products can be transformed from performance, materials and production technology to achieve innovation. In the process of product research and development, it is necessary to integrate various technologies and processes to form a new research and development team to complete a research and development task.
(3) Sustainability
The process of new product research and development is continuous and dynamic, because the environment, market and organization are constantly developing and changing, so their shadow lines for new products are also changing. Even if a particular product is launched at that moment, even after it is launched, it is still undergoing gradual changes. Therefore, it is necessary to have a clear view of the process of new product research and development in the organization, which is very important, because it is possible to implement the development plan quickly and make necessary adjustments.
(4) High cost performance.
Although the initial investment in product research and development is high, which needs a lot of technological innovation and process innovation as the foundation and support, it is relatively easy to develop results in a short time due to the strong purpose and clear objectives of product research and development, with high success rate and high market yield.
Three. Overview of technological innovation, product innovation and product research and development
It is the dream and pursuit of every enterprise to achieve product innovation through technological innovation to occupy and expand market share and finally gain benefits. But not all enterprises can succeed. According to the questionnaire survey of some enterprises by American Management Association, more than 50% of new projects of enterprises can not meet the expected goals, and the success rate of product research and development is only about 10%; The success rate of product innovation of domestic enterprises is only below 10%. There are many factors that affect product innovation, but technical factors are particularly important. Successful technological innovation is the premise and key to the success of product research and development and product innovation. But technological innovation is not the only factor of product innovation. The three are interdependent and promote each other.
References:
[1] Central the State Council's decision on strengthening technological innovation, developing high-tech and realizing industrialization.
[2] Tao Weiguo, et al. R&D management [M]. Shenzhen: Haitian Publishing House.
[3] Liu Mingzhen. Product development and technological innovation [J]. Enterprise vitality, 2003(9):50-5 1.
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