drama

Cromwell, a verse script published in 1827. The "preface" of the script is considered as the declaration of the French romantic drama movement and an extremely important literary work of Hugo.

Ernane (Agni), 1830, its premiere is a symbol of the complete victory of French romanticism over classicism.

novel

Notre Dame de Paris (183 1) is a famous novel of Hugo and a representative of romantic novels. The two characters in the novel, quasimodo and Fu, are in sharp contrast. The former is ugly in appearance, but pure and kind in heart. The latter is hypocritical. The heroine Esmond is the embodiment of beauty.

The novel Smiling Man, published in 1869, has the same beauty and ugliness as Notre Dame de Paris. The protagonist Gwen Alvin was born in a noble family, but when she was a child, she was disfigured by intrigue in the court. Later, it was adopted by the folk artist Xiong. So Gwen Alvin is the son of the people. Later, the novel turned around, and Gwen Alvin's fate fluctuated greatly. But because of the death of her lover "Goddess" (transliteration "Di"), she was completely desperate and threw herself into the river. The creation of The Smiling Man marks the author's great step towards realism.

Les Miserables lasted more than 30 years, from 1828 to 1845, and Hugo finally finished writing a complete book until 186 1. It is a literary masterpiece that best embodies Hugo's literary techniques and thoughts. In the novel, Hugo describes the deep suffering of the lower class. And through the experience of the protagonist Jean Valjean, Hugo's compassionate thought is expressed.

93 is Hugo's last novel. The two opposing characters in the novel, Guo Wen, a revolutionary, and Marquis Landnak, a royalist, are another contrast between good and evil in Hugo's works. Guo Wen saved three children by missing the Marquis Rantenak alive, but he did not hesitate to put himself on the guillotine and let the enemy leader go. This arrangement can best reflect Hugo's belief in compassion and pure conscience.

Short stories:

The Normandy shipwreck created a dazzling captain image through the shipwreck of a ship at sea. The story is simple. When describing this event, the author unfolds the story completely according to the time sequence and the logic of event development. With the gradual development of the plot, the characters are gradually distinct, and finally stand tall in the reader's mind and can't be forgotten for a long time.

believe

My praise is a letter written by Hugo, a famous French writer, at 186 1 to Butler, the captain of the French army who participated in the burning of the Yuanmingyuan in Beijing. In his letter, Hugo spoke highly of the historical, cultural and artistic value of Yuanmingyuan and denounced the crimes of the British and French aggressors. In fact, we can learn a piece of French and China history through these materials. Reading can't help but make people excited and restless for a long time.

At the beginning of the letter, he wrote: Sir, you asked me what I thought of this trip to China. You think this expedition is commendable, well done and you are very polite. You attach great importance to my feelings. According to your recent opinion, this expedition to China under the double banner of Queen Victoria and Emperor Napoleon is the glory of Britain and France; You want to know how much I appreciate the victory between Britain and France. Now that you know your opinion, my reply is as follows:

In a certain corner of the world, there is a great miracle of human beings, and that is the Yuanmingyuan. Art has two origins: one is the concept of European art source; All the cities imaginable by a superhuman nation are gathered in Yuanmingyuan. Yuanmingyuan is the prototype of a great fantasy. If fantasy may have a prototype, imagine an indescribable building, a fairyland like the Moon Palace, which is the Yuanmingyuan. Suppose there is a brilliant treasure cave, which is a collection of human imagination, in the form of palaces and temples, and that is Yuanmingyuan. In order to build Yuanmingyuan, people have experienced two generations of long-term labor. So this garden is as big as a city. It has been built for centuries. Who built it? For the people. Because the passage of time will make everything belong to all mankind. Master of art, poet and philosopher, he only knows Yuanmingyuan in the city. Voltaire once talked about. They have always compared the Parthenon in Greece, the pyramids in Egypt, the technical field in Rome, Notre Dame de Paris and the Yuanmingyuan in the East. If you can't witness Yuanmingyuan with your own eyes, people will see it in their dreams. In the distant twilight, it seems to be an amazing masterpiece that has never been seen before, just like the outline of Asian civilization rising in Ran Ran on the horizon of Europe. This proud world is gone forever.

Once, two robbers broke into Yuanmingyuan, one robbed and the other set fire to it. It turns out that victory is a kind of abnormal plunder. Winners stole all the wealth of Yuanmingyuan and then shared the spoils with each other. All this was done in Elgin's name. This reminds people of the Parthenon. They moved the way they treated the Parthenon to Yuanmingyuan, but it was even more thorough, leaving nothing behind. Even if all the treasures of Notre Dame in our country are added together, it can't compare with this magnificent Oriental Museum. There are not only touching works of art, but also a dazzling array of gold and silver products in this Oriental Museum. This is really a great contribution and a very proud extra money! One winner filled his pockets, and the other did the same thing, filling the boxes. After that, the two returned to Europe hand in hand. This is an experience of these two robbers.

We Europeans have always considered ourselves civilized people. In our eyes, China people are barbarians. However, this is how civilization treats barbarism. When the historical trial is delivered in the future, there will be a robber named France; The other is English. I want to protest against them and thank you for giving me the opportunity to protest. The crimes committed by rulers must not be confused with the faults of the people they rule. It is always the government that engages in banditry, never the people of all countries.

Hugo stood at the height of history, denounced the invaders who trampled on human civilization, and predicted that the French Empire had embezzled half of the treasures. Now, she is shameless enough to take out these beautiful ancient relics of Yuanmingyuan and show them in public in her own capacity. I believe that one day-liberated and washed away, France will return the looted goods to China.

Let me prove this for the time being: these two marauders did the robbery. Sir, now you finally know that this is my thanks for the expedition to China.

poetry anthology

Poor kid. Poor kid.

Look at this little son of the earth. He is so great that he has the noblest character of God. Before the baby was born, the blue sky shone brightly.

Pay attention to this little son of the earth; He is great; He has the highest god in his heart. Children are the light in the blue sky before they are born physically.

In our frivolous and painful world, they came naturally, which is a gift from God. They murmured about God's teachings, and their innocent smiles revealed God's tolerance.

In our bright and painful wrong world, they came; God gave us some time. His words are in their stuttering tongues, and his forgiveness is in their smiles.

Our eyes perch in their sweet light! Their right to happiness is so simple! If they are hungry, Eden will cry with them. If they are frozen stiff, the kingdom of heaven will tremble in pain.

Their sweet light stays in our eyes. Alas! Their right to enjoy happiness is obvious. If they are hungry, heaven will cry; If they are cold, heaven will tremble with pain.

But the greed in the world is eroding these innocent flowers. Sinful people are judging right and wrong, while mortals hold angels in their hands! How can there be angry thunder in the depths of heaven!

Demand erodes their innocent flowers, which is the judgment of the guilty minister. Man holds an angel in his hand. Ah! In the depths of heaven, thunder rages,

God, who sheltered us from rest, carefully selected these gentle things. He gave us angels in brocade, only to find that the children finally cried in rags.

When God looked for these weak things in the shadow of our sleep, he put wings on us and found them crying and ragged babies!

selected poems

Noc czerwcowa

After summer, the plains are full of flowers.

There is an intoxicating fragrance floating in all directions;

There is a distant voice in my ear, close your eyes,

Fall asleep in a daze and enter a transparent dream.

The stars are getting brighter and brighter, and the beautiful night,

The yellow sky is covered with hazy colors;

The soft pale dawn looks forward to the stage,

As if wandering in the distant sky all night.

128 September 837

[Edit this paragraph] Famous sayings

celebrity quote

The happiest life is to make sure that someone loves you because of your present situation, or more accurately, someone loves you regardless of how you love it.

The widest ocean in the world, the sky wider than the ocean, and the human mind wider than the sky.

The future will belong to two kinds of people: those who think and those who work. In fact, these two kinds of people are the same kind of people, because thinking is also labor.

On top of the absolutely correct revolution, there is absolutely correct humanism.

People's wisdom holds three keys, one is to open numbers, the other is to open letters and the other is to open notes. Knowledge, thoughts and fantasies are all in it.

What the world lacks is perseverance, not strength.

Boldness is the price of progress.

You should believe that you are a strong person in life.

The greatest revenge in the world is forgiveness.

The road to art is full of thorns, which is also a good thing. Ordinary people are timid, except those who are strong-willed

Whoever wastes his life, his youth will fade, and life will abandon them.

Laughter, like sunshine, drives away the winter on people's faces.

It is better to refuse frankly than to agree reluctantly.

It is the human heart that releases infinite light, and it is also the human heart that creates boundless darkness.

Books are tools to cultivate the mind.

People can only live by material things; One must have ideals to talk about life.

Where the steps cannot be reached, the eyes can reach them; Where the eyes cannot reach, the spirit can fly.

One more school can save a prison.

Life is a smile.

Man has two ears, one hears the voice of God and the other hears the voice of the devil.

I would rather rely on my own strength to explore the future than seek the favor of the powerful.

The first hunger of mankind is ignorance.

If you don't know the pain, you are not a hero.

Faith is what people need. People who don't believe in anything will not be happy.

Caution is more powerful than boldness.

All kinds of stupid things seem to melt like fire under the influence of reading books every day.

Thought is power.

There is no storm, the sail is just a rag.

Famous sayings in Hugo's works

What weapons do humans use? What kind of ordnance is this? This is the cradle.

-"93"

With a little effort, nettles can become useful things; Anyway, it became harmful, so it was eradicated. How many people are nettles!

Never be afraid of thieves and murderers. That is an external danger, a small danger. Let us fear ourselves. Prejudice is a thief; Bad habits are killers. The greatest danger lies in ourselves. The danger that threatens our heads or wallets is not worth mentioning! Think about the danger that threatens our souls!

The most sacred generosity of mankind is to atone for others.

Affirmation is more important than bread.

The human heart is more dazzling and darker than anywhere else; Nothing is more terrible, complicated, mysterious and boundless than the human heart. There is a more magnificent sight than the ocean, and that is the sky; There is a more magnificent scene than the sky, and that is the inner world of people.

Pleasure, what a sad purpose, what a trivial ambition! Stupid people enjoy themselves. Thinking, this is the real victory of the soul.

Monastery is a big contradiction. The purpose is Yongfu; The way is sacrifice. A convent is extremely selfish and self-denying.

Meditation and meditation are labor; Meditation is action.

People who never pray really need people who pray often.

We have infinity outside, but don't we also have infinity in us? Don't these two infinity overlap each other? Isn't the second infinity the first infinity? Is it just another infinite mirror, reflecting and echoing? Does * * * have a central point? Is there intelligence in the second infinity? Is it thinking? Will you love? Does it have a wish? If these two infinity have intelligence, then each has an essence that can produce will. There is a self in the upper infinity, and similarly, there is a self in the lower infinity. I am the soul at the bottom, and I am the God at the top.

Thinking, fantasy and prayer are all huge and mysterious radiation. We should respect it. Where does this magnificent soul shine? Shooting at darkness is shooting at light.

Destroying fanaticism and worshiping infinity is the right way.

People who want to escape can't cough or sneeze.

Any woman knows from the day she was born! Her mouth deals with one person, but her eyes answer another.

-Les Miserables

Can laughter and pleasure be equated? The bronze statue seems to be laughing, which makes people laugh, but it is actually meditation.

All beings have too many hearts, but as a result they have no thoughts; Too many eyes, but I can't see anything; They are superficial themselves, so they always stay on the surface.

The paradise of the rich is built by the poor with hell.

The wind is like a lonely person who says a lot.

The problem with words is that the outline they represent is clearer than the idea. The boundaries of ideas can cross each other, but words can't. The mind always has a certain diffusion angle to escape from the scope of words. Limited expression, unlimited thinking.

The perceptual voice said, "Go!" The soul cried, "No!"

I am a terrible smiling face. What is the smiling face laughing at? Laugh at you, laugh at yourself, laugh at everything. What does his smile mean? It means your sin and his pain. He throws sin on your heads and spits pain on your faces. I laugh, which means: I am crying.

-"Smiling Man"

Being exposed is a failure, but exposing yourself is a victory.

Once you fall into the abyss of pain, you will sometimes be driven out of the world.

Doing and doing are two different things. For example, it is easy to dream, but difficult to make it come true.

At the end of the abyss, the plot has a contest with the evil representative. Beasts on one side and people on the other. The evil beast executed the wicked. That is terrible justice.

-"Marine laborers"

Hugo's view on burning Yuanmingyuan from the letter to Captain Butler about the expedition of British and French troops to China

1860, the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan. He wrote a letter denouncing the allies as robbers and condemning their evil deeds of destroying oriental culture. At this time, Hugo was forced into exile in Guernsey 19 years. During this period, even though Napoleon issued a pardon, Hugo refused to return to China. After Hugo's death, the French people held a state funeral for him, and his body was buried in the Pantheon dedicated to the burial of great men.

1860, the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan. The next year, British captain Butler wrote to Hugo, hoping to know how much Hugo appreciated the victory. Hugo wrote in the long letter165438+1October 25th:

"There is a world miracle called Yuanmingyuan ... People always compare the Parthenon in Greece, the pyramids in Egypt, the Colosseum in Rome, Notre Dame de Paris and the Yuanmingyuan in the East ... This is an unprecedented and amazing masterpiece. However, this miracle has disappeared. One day, two robbers broke into Yuanmingyuan. One robber plundered and another robber set fire to it ... There was a large-scale looting in Yuanmingyuan, and the stolen goods were divided equally between the two victorious countries ... The treasure house of the church we used was not as good as this splendid Oriental Museum.

We Europeans have always regarded ourselves as civilized people and China as barbarians. This is what civilization does to barbarism. Two robbers, one named France and the other named England. I want to protest against this. I want to thank you for giving me the opportunity to protest ... The French Empire got half of the stolen goods from this victory ... I hope that France can get rid of the heavy burden, clear its sins and return these stolen goods to the plundered China one day. "

In his letter, Hugo described in detail the glory and value of Yuanmingyuan, angrily condemned the criminal acts of the invading army to destroy oriental culture, and at the same time distinguished the French government from the French people. After the failure of the Paris Commune, he called for the pardon of commune fighters. On the second day after the Belgian government announced that members of the Paris Commune were refused entry into Belgium, Hugo said in an open letter to the Belgian newspaper The Independent that he would give his residence in Brussels to members for refuge. But the next night, more than 50 people pretended to be members of the Paris Commune, tricked him into coming downstairs to open the door and threw a big stone at him. Fortunately, he was not injured, but a few days later he was deported by the Belgian king.

Although Hugo has been dead for more than a century, the humanitarian spirit advocated by him all his life is still worth carrying forward in today's world and still has progressive practical significance.

In June 186 1, 1 1, he wrote back to a captain named Butler, denouncing the scandal.

The following is a summary of his reply.

Sir, you asked me what I thought of this trip to China. You think this is commendable and well done, and you are very polite and attach great importance to my feelings. According to your opinion, this expedition to China under the double banner of Queen Victoria and Emperor Napoleon is the glory of Britain and France; You want to know how much I appreciate this victory between Britain and France.

Since you want to know my opinion, my reply is as follows:

In a certain corner of the world, there is a great miracle of human beings, and that is the Yuanmingyuan. Art has two origins: one is thought, from which European art comes into being; One is fantasy, from which oriental art comes into being. Yuanmingyuan belongs to fantasy art, and everything a superhuman nation can imagine is gathered in Yuanmingyuan. Yuanmingyuan is the prototype of a huge fantasy, if fantasy can have a prototype. Just imagine an indescribable building, a fairyland like the Moon Palace, and that is the Yuanmingyuan. Suppose there is a treasure island that is a masterpiece of human imagination, appearing in the image of palaces and temples, and that is the Yuanmingyuan. In order to build Yuanmingyuan, people have experienced two generations of long-term labor. After centuries of construction, who was it built for? For the people. Because the passage of time will make everything belong to all mankind. Masters of art, poets and philosophers all know the Yuanmingyuan. Voltaire also talked about it. People always compare the Parthenon in Greece, the pyramids in Egypt, the Colosseum in Rome, Notre Dame de Paris and the Yuanmingyuan in the East. If you can't witness Yuanmingyuan with your own eyes, people will see it in their dreams. In the distant twilight, it seems to be an amazing masterpiece that has never been seen before, just as the outline of Asian civilization rises on the horizon of European civilization.

This miracle is now gone. One day, two robbers broke into Yuanmingyuan. One robber robbed and the other set fire to it. Judging from their behavior, the winners may also be robbers. An unprecedented looting of Yuanmingyuan began, and the two conquerors shared the stolen goods equally. What a great achievement, a godsend windfall! One of the two winners filled his pocket, and the other saw it and filled his box. Then, arm in arm, they returned to Europe with a smile. This is the history of these two robbers.

In the face of history, the two robbers were called France and England. I want to protest against them and thank you for giving me the opportunity to protest. The crimes committed by the ruler have nothing to do with the ruled; The government may be a robber sometimes, but the people will never be.

The French empire got half of the stolen goods from this victory, and now it seems naive that it is the real master, showing the glory of the looting of Yuanmingyuan to the fullest. I long for the day when the French can get rid of the heavy burden, cleanse their sins and return their wealth to the plundered China.

Sir, this is my thanks for the expedition to China.

Victor Hugo

186 1 year165438+1October 25th in Gaochengju.

Wattray was a French captain who invaded China with the British and French allied forces and participated in the looting of Yuanmingyuan. In his view, "this expedition to China under the banner of Queen Victoria and Emperor Napoleon is an honor enjoyed by France and Britain", and he thinks it is "decent and beautiful". After returning home, he wrote to Hugo and asked him about the so-called "expedition to China". He wanted some praise, but what he got from Hugo was angry protest and condemnation.