The fundamentals of China's long-term economic improvement are determined by China's basic national conditions, development foundation, development stage, development environment, development potential and kinetic energy, institutional conditions, development strategy, macro-policies and development goals. It is a basic pattern that works for a long time and will not change because the epidemic affects this short-term factor. China has sufficient conditions to maintain long-term economic fundamentals.

1, from the development basis.

In 20 19, China's economic aggregate was nearly1000 trillion yuan, accounting for more than 16% of the global economic aggregate, accounting for about 30% of the global economic growth, and the per capita GDP historically exceeded 10000 US dollars. China has become the largest industrial manufacturer in the world and the only country with all industrial categories in the United Nations industrial classification.

Infrastructure construction has advanced by leaps and bounds, and the total mileage of expressways and high-speed railways ranks first in the world, and the communication industry has achieved catch-up. With the rapid development of foreign economy, trade in goods and services ranks first and second in the world respectively, making it the largest trading partner of more than 20 countries and regions and the second largest foreign capital inflow country in the world. Foreign exchange reserves 14 ranked first in the world.

The rapid development since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, has brought China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength and comprehensive national strength into the forefront of the world, laying a solid foundation for consolidating China's long-term economic improvement.

2. From a macroeconomic point of view.

In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the remarkable feature of China's macro-economy is that there has been no economic recession and crisis. Except that 19 1 year is 5. 1%, 1989 is 4.2%, and 1990 is 3.9%, the economic growth rate in the other 38 years is relatively high and above 6%.

Taking the last five years (from 20 15 to 20 19) as an example, despite the great downward pressure on the economy, more than 0/30,000 urban jobs were created every year, with economic growth rates of 7.0%, 6.8%, 6.9%, 6.7% and 6./kloc-respectively. The consumer price index is 1.4%, 2.0%, 1.6%, 2. 1% and 2.9% respectively. The current account surplus has gradually narrowed, and the international balance of payments has basically balanced.

The economic structure has been continuously optimized, the contribution rate of consumption and service industry has continued to rise, urbanization has been rapidly promoted, traditional industries have been transformed and upgraded, and emerging industries such as digital economy have flourished. In the practice of reform and opening up, China explored and established the macro-control system and mechanism under the conditions of socialist market economy, and accumulated rich experience. This has created a good macroeconomic environment for maintaining long-term economic fundamentals.

3. From the perspective of development potential and kinetic energy.

China is in the process of new industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, and its per capita income ranks among the upper-middle income countries. Compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap in economic and social development, ecological environment and people's living standards. To meet the people's growing needs for a better life, to solve the problem of insufficient development imbalance, and to move towards the ranks of high-income countries, the demand for development is comprehensive, huge and lasting.

At the same time, China also has the necessary conditions to achieve sustained and healthy development. China has a population of1400 million, and the middle-income group of more than 400 million people is still expanding. The domestic market is huge and developing, with unlimited potential. With a high domestic savings rate, it is a rare net exporter and creditor of capital; Rich in human resources, there are 900 million laborers, of whom more than 65.438+700 million have received higher education or have various professional skills; There are more than 6,543.8 billion market players, and there is great potential for entrepreneurial innovation. This is an important condition for maintaining long-term economic fundamentals.

4. From the perspective of system and institutional conditions.

China has the strong leadership of China's * * Production Party, and the implementation of the socialist market economic system can combine the superiority of the socialist system with the vitality of the market economy, and according to the requirements of the development of productive forces, continuously optimize this combination through deepening reform and opening up, which not only gives full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, but also better plays the role of the government.

Adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, unswervingly consolidate and develop the public economy, and unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public economy. This is the institutional guarantee to keep China's economic fundamentals improving for a long time.

5. From the perspective of finance and financial system.

China's fiscal deficit ratio in 20 16 and 20 17 was 3%, and in 20 18 and 20 19 it was 2.6% and 2.8% respectively, which was at a low level in the world. Over the past two years, the People's Bank of China and the China Banking Regulatory Commission have taken effective measures to strengthen financial supervision, curbed the upward trend of macro leverage ratio for many years after 2009, and achieved great results in preventing and defusing financial risks. Financial risks tend to converge and are generally controllable.

China has the largest credit market in the world and the second largest bond market, stock market and insurance market in the world. China's fiscal and financial system has the ability to resist risks and has sufficient policy space and tools to cope with the impact of the epidemic and the downward pressure on the economy. This is a strong support for maintaining the long-term fundamentals of China's economy.

Extended data

ask

I. Title

1, header specification

The title should be concise, specific and accurate, which can summarize the specific content of the paper, help to select keywords, and conform to the relevant principles of compiling title catalogue, indexing and retrieval.

2, the way of proposition

3. Matters needing attention in English title writing

(1) English titles mainly appear in the form of phrases, especially noun phrases, that is, titles basically consist of one or several nouns plus their prepositions and/or postattributes; The title of phrase type should determine the head word and then modify it before and after. The order of each word is very important, and improper word order will lead to inaccurate expression.

(2) Generally don't use declarative sentences, because the title mainly plays a marking role, and declarative sentences are easy to make the title judgmental, not refined and not eye-catching. In a few cases (critical, comprehensive and refuting), the question can be used as the title, because the question has an exploratory tone and is easy to arouse the reader's interest.

The English title and Chinese title of the same paper should be consistent in content, but it does not mean that the words should correspond to each other. In many cases, individual non-material words can be omitted or changed.

④ Foreign sci-tech journals generally have restrictions on the number of words in titles, and some stipulate that titles should not exceed 2 lines, and each line should not exceed 42 printed symbols and spaces; Some require that the title should not exceed 14 words. These regulations can be used for our reference.

⑤ In the English title of the paper. Anything that can or can't be used is not used.

Second, the author

1, the author's signature is placed under the title, and the group author can also be marked in the footer of the first page of the article. Sometimes, the author's name can also be marked at the end of the article. Examples: Wang Jun 1, Zhang Hong 2, Liuli 1, matters needing attention in the translation of the names of authors and their organizations:

① The name of the translation unit should not be abbreviated, but should be capitalized, and the address and postal code should be attached to ensure convenient contact.

② The names of translation units should be translated uniformly.

(3) The author's name is spelled in Chinese Pinyin, with a space in the middle after the surname, and all the letters of the surname are capitalized, and the surname is combined; The first letter of the first name is a capital letter, and a hyphen is added between the two names. The last name and the first name are not abbreviated.

For example:

Li Hua (Li Hua), Zhang Xi-He (Xihe Zhang), Zhuge Ying (Zhuge Ying)

Three. abstract

With the rapid development of computer technology and Internet, online query, retrieval and download of professional data has become an important means of scientific and technological information retrieval. For all kinds of full-text databases or abstract databases on the Internet, abstract index is an important tool for readers to retrieve documents, which provides convenience for the construction and maintenance of scientific and technological information literature retrieval databases. It is a comprehensive introduction to the paper, so that people can understand the main contents of the paper.

After the paper is published, the abstract can be directly used by abstract magazines or various databases without modification or slight modification, so that readers can know the main contents of the paper as soon as possible to supplement the deficiency of the title, thus avoiding misunderstandings, deficiencies and even mistakes that may occur when others compile the abstract. Therefore, the quality of abstracts directly affects the retrieval rate and citation frequency of papers.

1, summary description

It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments, and requires a brief description of the purpose, research methods and final conclusion of the research work, with the focus on the conclusion. It is an independent and complete essay, which can be quoted and popularized.

2. Matters needing attention in writing abstract

① Don't simply repeat the existing information in the title, avoid writing the contents of the introduction into the abstract, don't copy the subtitle (table of contents) in the text of the paper or the text of the conclusion part of the paper, and don't interpret the content of the paper.

(2) Try to use written narrative, and don't list the data in the paper in the abstract; The words should be concise, exclude the content that has become common sense in this subject field, and delete meaningless or unnecessary words; The content shall not be demonstrated, not exemplified, and the research process shall not be introduced;

The content of the abstract must be complete, and the main contents (or opinions) expounded in the paper can not be omitted, but should be written into short articles that can be used independently.

Generally, it is not segmented, and continuous writing is prohibited. The statement should be objective, and it is not suitable for subjective evaluation of the research process, methods and achievements, nor for comparative explanation with other people's research.

3. Matters needing attention in writing English abstracts

The above precautions in writing Chinese abstracts are all applicable to English abstracts, but English has its own expressions and language habits, so special attention should be paid when writing English abstracts.

Fourth, key words

1, keyword description

Keywords are words or phrases that reflect the theme of the paper, usually arranged under the abstract, and the font size is different from the text. Generally, each article can choose 3~8 keywords, and multiple keywords are separated by semicolons, which are arranged from big to small according to the extension (conceptual scope) level of the entry.

Keywords are generally noun words or phrases, and in some cases there are verb words or phrases.

English keywords corresponding to Chinese keywords should be marked. Chinese comes first, foreign language comes last. Chinese keywords are marked with "keywords:" or "[keywords]"; English keywords are marked with "keywords:".

Key words should be selected from the National Standard Chinese Thesaurus as far as possible; Important terms and names of new disciplines, regions, people and documents that are not included in the glossary can also be used as keywords. Keywords should be general technical terms that can cover the main content of the paper.

2, the method of selecting keywords

The general selection method of keywords is: after the author finishes writing the paper, he selects from its title, hierarchical title and text (high frequency and key words).

Verb (abbreviation for verb) text

1, text specification

In order to achieve the purpose of clear hierarchy and clear context, the text is often divided into several large paragraphs. These paragraphs are called logical segments, and a logical segment can contain several small logical segments, and a small logical segment can contain one or several natural segments, so that the text forms several levels. The level of the paper should not be too much, generally not more than five levels.

Reference of intransitive verbs

1, referenced specifications and their functions

In order to reflect the scientific basis of the article, the author should respect the seriousness of other people's research results and provide readers with the sources of relevant information. Generally, a list of references should be listed at the end of the text.

Citation should be based on original documents and first-hand information. All quotations from other people's opinions or words, whether published or not, whether printed or electronic, must indicate the source or be annotated. All references should be truthfully stated. The introduction, comments, quotations and annotations of existing academic achievements should be objective, fair and accurate. False labeling, forgery and tampering with documents are all academic misconduct.

Seven, please

A scientific research achievement or technological innovation is often not accomplished by one person, but also needs the support and help of human, financial and material resources from all sides. So many papers have listed "thanks" at the end. I am mainly grateful for the help I got in the process of completing my thesis, which is a sign of humility and courtesy in academic circles.