As the master of the earth, human beings are closely related to the surrounding geographical environment from the day they are born. On the one hand, human life activities and production activities need to continuously obtain materials and energy from the surrounding environment for their own survival and harmony, and at the same time discharge wastes into the geographical environment; On the other hand, the environment constantly forms and transforms a certain amount of matter and energy according to its own existence. Its occurrence, development and change do not care about human existence, but change its objective attributes for human subjective needs or change its development process for human purposeful activities. There is a special relationship between human beings and the environment, which is both antagonistic and unified. The so-called opposition, that is, human subjective needs and purposeful activities, is bound to contradict the objective attributes and development laws of the environment. Human beings must understand the environment and engage in production and activities according to the law of environmental development and change, otherwise they will be retaliated and punished by the environment, and the environment that is not conducive to human survival will follow. The so-called unity means that human beings always exist in a certain environmental space with the environment as the carrier, and human activities always interact, restrict and transform with their surrounding environment. Human beings are not only the product of the environment, but also the shaper of the environment in a sense. It is impossible for human activities to take from the environment endlessly, and it is impossible to discharge wastes into the environment indefinitely. When human behavior is retaliated by the environment, which affects the survival and development of human beings, human beings have to adjust their behavior to adapt to the scope allowed by the environment. For thousands of years, human beings have developed in this relationship of unity of opposites. When humans just differentiated from animals, this relationship of unity of opposites was already in the primary state. Early humans knew how to find food, make fires, make clothes, dig holes and compete for survival in various environments. However, due to its limited activity ability, it can only exchange material and energy with the environment through life activities and its own physiological metabolism process. At this time, the contradiction between human beings and the environment is not outstanding, and people's efforts are only aimed at adapting and utilizing the environment, but rarely consciously changing the environment. With the enhancement of human activity ability and the improvement of tools used, human beings began to know how to change the environment, learned farming, breeding, clothing and living, and the population increased greatly, especially entered the agricultural civilization. People have turned vast barren hills and weeds into fertile fields, and the development of water conservancy has provided a guarantee for the bumper harvest of agriculture. However, behind its development, the contradiction with the environment is outstanding. Due to uncontrolled logging and reclamation, serious soil erosion has been caused, the destruction of grassland has led to the expansion of desert, and unreasonable water diversion irrigation has led to the formation of soil salinization. The intensification of these contradictions turned the once prosperous Babylonian civilization into a desert, and also made the Maya unable to resist the invasion of drought, flood and sandstorm, and had to abandon their civilization and leave their hometown ... This was an early environmental problem. Regrettably, people did not arouse vigilance and did not realize that this was environmental retaliation. At that time, human productivity was not developed, the damage to the environment was not obvious, and the environmental problems had not reached the point of endangering human survival, so human beings still went their own way. At that time, the situation changed fundamentally. The productivity of human society, the number of human beings, the scope and scale of life are not the same as before. The idea that "man can conquer nature" occupies people's minds. While human beings are transforming the environment, the damage to the environment is also increasing. At the same time, the structural composition of the environment, the way and intensity of material circulation have undergone profound changes, and environmental problems have become clear. Modern industry has exploited a large number of underground mineral resources and put them into the environment. With the production and consumption of products, waste gas, waste water and waste residue are discharged, many of which are difficult to treat and assimilate, causing unbearable harm to human beings and creatures. With the continuous accumulation of these hazardous wastes, the environmental quality has gradually deteriorated and the ecological balance has been destroyed. Modern industry has also brought population problems and urbanization problems, and agricultural modernization has also spawned many environmental problems. It can be seen that human beings have played an active role in the process of creating a high level of material civilization, but also brought negative side effects to the environment, from the "black storm" in the United States in 1934 to the "artificial desert" in Inner Mongolia during the Great Leap Forward era in China. A series of environmental problems, from the London smog incident in 1960s, the photochemical incident in Los Angeles and the Maas Valley incident in Belgium, to the sharp increase of population, the sharp decline of forests, the hole in the ozone layer and so on, are all great revenge for mankind. These are the concrete manifestations of the antagonistic relationship between human beings and the environment.