On Physical Education in Special Education —— On Physical Education for All-round Development in Special Education Schools
Abstract: With the full implementation of quality education, the reform of school physical education is extremely active. In particular, the reform of the new curriculum standards in primary and secondary schools has brought the school physical education reform into a rapid and brand-new period. According to the different nature of educational objects, school physical education can be divided into ordinary school physical education and special education school physical education. Compared with ordinary school physical education, the development of physical education in special education schools lags behind. Physical education theory in special education schools generally imitates ordinary school physical education, and even replaces special physical education teaching with ordinary physical education teaching, which makes the development of physical education theory in special schools backward and sports practice lack theoretical support, which violates the laws of special education and seriously hinders the development of physical education in special education schools.
Keywords: sports ideology and morality of special education
Physical education is an important part of special education. To train deaf students into self-reliant people with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, the role of physical education cannot be underestimated. In physical education teaching, we should not only teach deaf students the basic knowledge and skills of physical education, but also correctly guide students to explore physical beauty and improve their ability to express beauty, so as to cultivate their sentiments and improve their physical quality.
There are great differences in physiology and psychology between disabled children and ordinary children, so teaching diagnosis must be carried out before teaching. For example, deaf students can be divided into deaf and hard of hearing according to the degree of hearing loss. Deafness can also be divided into total deafness, extremely severe deafness and moderate deafness; Hard of hearing is divided into severe, moderate, mild and normal. Moreover, due to physical defects, it will also cause psychological defects such as impulsiveness, suggestibility and lack of sympathy; It also causes cognitive problems. Therefore, as a qualified physical education teacher in special education, we must understand medical and psychological knowledge and set up scientific teaching content for students to diagnose. At the same time, teachers can arrange the teaching content in the form of exercise prescription according to the specific situation.
First, improve the basic knowledge and skills of sports.
Disabled students should get more care and help because they are disabled, but this does not mean that others can interfere with or even replace disabled students in choosing hobbies, survival goals and development directions. Teachers should respect their personality differences and do a good job of guidance, so that every disabled student can find a field suitable for his personality development, get to know himself more deeply, grasp the development direction and realize the significance of his existence. In physical education teaching, teachers should make disabled students understand that they should not only master language, culture and scientific knowledge, but also master the basic knowledge and skills of physical education.
1. Use demonstration activities to stimulate learning interest. Like games? Parachute bag? Disabled students see their colorful and beautiful bags and want to demonstrate their parachutes themselves. Teachers should satisfy their wishes. Deaf students have strong imitation ability and intuitive and vivid thinking. Therefore, teachers should let disabled students participate in demonstration activities in teaching, which will not only arouse their interest, but also enhance their desire for expression and self-confidence.
2. Strengthen basic training and master sports skills. In the preparatory activities of each class, I let disabled students practice basic skills, move all joints of the body, avoid being injured in sports, and master the technical essentials of the learned movements, so as to lay a good foundation for disabled students to study professional courses in the future.
3. Master the basic methods of physical exercise, have good health habits, and improve physical fitness and health level. Systematic physical education teaching during school helps students master correct and healthy physical exercise methods and means, and form the habit of lifelong physical education. Good physical condition is the foundation of study and work, and it is no exception for special children. Due to the congenital defects of special children, physical education is an important way for special children to master scientific exercise methods and improve their physical fitness and health level.
Secondly, ideological and moral education should be infiltrated into physical education.
Cultivate students' good ideology and morality, and form civilized, polite and law-abiding behavior habits. The process of physical activity is a complex and changeable behavior between individuals and groups. With its strong interaction, active thinking and genuine feelings, it is the best opportunity to discover the advantages and disadvantages of students' ideological and moral aspects, so as to carry out targeted education. Sports is a competitive activity under certain rules, so we can cultivate students' fine style and quality of obeying the law, being brave in fighting, respecting others and cooperating with others through various sports competitions.
Physical education also contains rich moral education contents, such as the ideological education of loving the motherland and hometown, the moral education of loving labor, helping others, respecting the old and loving the young. Teachers should integrate these rich ideological and moral education contents into vivid physical education and infiltrate students imperceptibly. In physical education teaching, I often organize disabled students to discuss and guide them appropriately, so that disabled students can distinguish right from wrong, beauty and ugliness, honor and disgrace. For example, in the game of "tortoise and rabbit race", on the basis of mastering the corresponding sports knowledge, I organized disabled students to discuss: Why did the tortoise win and the rabbit lose in the end? Through discussion, students with disabilities think that it is because turtles are not afraid of hardship and fatigue. After my guidance, the final evaluation of the disabled students on the tortoise and rabbit is: the tortoise has perseverance and is not afraid of hardship and fatigue, so it won; Little rabbit was conceited, so he failed.
Thirdly, cultivate the healthy personality of disabled students.
Psychological quality includes non-intelligence factors and intelligence factors (non-intelligence factors include motivation, elevation, mood, will, self-reliance and so on). However, there are some unhealthy psychology among deaf students, such as depression and self-abandonment. In physical education teaching, teachers should help deaf students to eliminate these bad psychology and guide them to transform into good psychology.
1. Master the basic exercise methods to make up for their own shortcomings. What is compensation? It refers to an adaptation when an organ is lost or a function is damaged, and it is a special development process different from normal people. In this special process of adaptation and development, damaged functions can be restored, compensated, improved and replaced to varying degrees? . It is of positive significance for physical education to avoid systematic defects in education and training and form systematic compensation, which is an active and effective means of defect compensation and rehabilitation.
2. Initially establish the spirit of self-esteem, self-confidence, self-reliance and self-improvement and the awareness of safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests, and form the basic ability to adapt to society. Theoretical research on special education holds that the physical defects of disabled students are primary defects, which will lead to secondary defects in cognitive activities and emotional will. Physical education plays an important role in improving and correcting students' secondary defects with its unique functions. At the same time, physical exercise needs to be carried out in a specific equipment or environment, and students need to overcome physical and psychological obstacles, thus cultivating good psychological qualities of courage, tenacity, decisiveness, tenacity and overcoming difficulties. Moreover, physical education class is competitive and can cultivate students' sense of competition. It can promote disabled students to go to society and adapt to society.
3. Cultivate disabled students' correct concept of success. In physical education teaching, the characteristics of disabled students' thinking, ability, will, emotion and attitude are obvious, and teachers should cultivate their correct concept of success. For example, the high jump can be surpassed at a glance when facing a new height, but a series of psychological activities caused by it vary from person to person. The joy and pride of winners are beyond words, while the discouragement and frustration, impatience and impulsiveness, nervousness and anxiety, timidity and inferiority of losers are different. As educators, we should seize the opportunity quickly, guide disabled students to treat success and failure, success and frustration, advantages and disadvantages correctly, encourage them to overcome difficulties and psychological obstacles, cultivate their good consciousness, understanding, emotion, behavior, self-control and psychological adjustment ability, let disabled students experience failure, success, failure and success again, enhance their frustration tolerance and maintain a stable mood and optimism.
In short, the essence and ultimate goal of physical education in special education schools is to compensate their own defects to the maximum extent through physical education, so that their physical and mental defects can be restored to the maximum extent, and their ability to adapt to society can be formed, thus reducing the burden for the family and the country.
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