The first part of senior high school students' general technology thesis: "Reflections on the practical activities of general technology courses"
Abstract: The basic goal of general technology course in senior high school is to cultivate students' innovative ability. The nature of the course emphasizes the process of process design and encourages innovative design, which can continuously improve the ability of process design and hands-on production experiments through practical activities. How to design practical links that can show students' creativity and effectively organize and arrange practical activities in teaching is a problem that must be solved to achieve the curriculum objectives.
Keywords: general technology; Practical activities; reform
General technology course is a practical course which combines theory with practice, pays attention to technology and design, and combines science with humanities. Students generally lack understanding of this brand-new course and have a strong sense of strangeness. I am interested in it because it is relatively new when I first came into contact with it, but after several classes, it is difficult to achieve the course objectives due to the limitations of teaching environment and conditions.
As a teacher, we must fully realize the significance and main task of general technology course in the new curriculum reform of senior high school, and carefully design and complete teaching practice activities with the goal of cultivating students' technical literacy.
First, use cases to create scenarios to stimulate students' interest
Interest is the best teacher. Under the background of the current educational selection system, students generally do not attach importance to subjects such as general technology and do not want to spend more time studying. Therefore, in teaching, students should first feel the interest and practicality of general technology courses, and keep their enthusiasm for learning through cases, scenario simulations and practical innovations, so that they are full of expectations for the learning of general technology courses.
The textbooks we use provide a large number of cases, most of which are closely combined with the teaching objectives and focused, which are very suitable for teaching. However, due to the differences in the environment and conditions of various schools and the great changes brought about by the development and progress of science and technology, it is difficult to attract students simply by relying on the cases in the textbooks. Therefore, when preparing lessons, teachers should adapt to their own reality, keep pace with the times, collect more cases and apply them to teaching. In this regard, CCTV- 10 "I love inventions" column can be used as one of the important sources of our case. The cases of inventions described in this column are vivid, and most of them come from our daily life. They may not have profound scientific and technological content, but they actually solve many practical problems in life and are highly creative and practical. The people in the program tell the inventor's invention and production experience, which makes students feel that the invention is not so mysterious and unattainable, nor can it be completed only by high IQ or advanced knowledge classes. The key lies in being good at observing and thinking, and having the consciousness of finding problems and making bold innovations. The inventor's personal narration made students see the contribution of creation and invention to social development and the changes brought to the inventor himself, which triggered their love for invention. By carefully selecting the contents with relatively low technical difficulty and complexity and close to students' lives in the column, students will be inevitably touched, thus greatly mobilizing their learning enthusiasm and bringing them into the door of science and technology and innovation.
Simple theoretical knowledge is often boring. If the principles of technology and design are combined with practice, especially in the life practice closely related to students, theoretical knowledge will have strong vitality. Are you online? Technology and design? In this part of teaching, we can design a theme class meeting process through the group discussion and cooperation of students in class and cooperate with the class teacher, so that students can understand and master the concept, composition and expression method of the process in the design process. The best process plan selected is realized through the class meeting time, and then returns to the general technology class to summarize the gains and losses of process design and implementation. The whole teaching process is completely student-centered. Students decide the theme, design the content and participants of each link, and give full play to students' initiative and enthusiasm. Teachers only play the role of guidance and explanation, and students complete this part of learning in a pleasant classroom atmosphere.
Second, the cultivation of practical innovation ability.
General technology course is an effective carrier for students to establish innovative consciousness, cultivate innovative spirit and practical ability. Its course nature emphasizes the process of process design, encourages innovative design, and constantly improves the ability of process design and hands-on production experiments through practical activities. How to design practical links that can show students' creativity and effectively organize and arrange practical activities in teaching is a problem that must be solved to achieve the curriculum objectives.
The general technology course pays attention to the unity of theory and practice, and students must complete the whole design process by themselves, and show and improve their abilities in this process. At present, students' general lack of basic practical skills has become a major obstacle to achieving this goal. Make haste slowly. If we only focus on the ultimate goal, regardless of the current actual situation, we may eventually completely deviate from the expected goal. The production of models and objects is one of the important links in design activities, and the production can not be separated from the use skills of basic tools and the understanding of materials. It takes a process to acquire these basic skills. Therefore, the design of practical activities must start from the most basic and simple, suspend or relax the requirements for innovation and exploration, so as to make the objectives of the activities simple and clear, so as to successfully complete the activities and lay the foundation for the later high requirements. For example, will it be simple? Paper bridge water rocket? When science and technology activities are moved to general technology classes, students can learn from others' experience and even imitate them directly, but they can still realize the improvement of their practical ability from the process of production and competition, which not only changes the previous state of being too arrogant to look at others' simple work, but also forms a good habit of standardized operation.
After a period of activities focusing on cultivating and forming students' basic practical ability, transfer to? Diversity? And then what? Open? Give full play to students' creative ability in activities. Personally, I think this kind of activity is the essence of general technology course, but it has a high degree of freedom. Because of the differences in regional environment, school conditions and students' level, it is difficult to copy the examples in books. When designing such activities, teachers must fully consider the existing conditions and students' reality, take innovation as the core, and carefully select projects that can go through the process of finding problems, conceiving schemes, technical experiments and optimizing schemes as the content of practical activities. For example, in the absence of equipment and related tools and equipment, we can choose such an activity: design a technical scheme to make eggs fall from upstairs without breaking. This activity needs less materials, does not need complex equipment with certain skill requirements, is simple, interesting and competitive, and finally the schemes formed by students have their own uniqueness.
The course of information technology is much longer than the course of general technology, and each school has relatively good equipment and teaching accumulation, and students basically have certain information literacy. If we can use multimedia teaching equipment to complete related content in general technology practice activities, such as animation, video demonstration, experimental simulation and simulation, we can not only deepen and improve students' information technology ability, but also solve the problem of lack of equipment and materials in general technology courses, and get twice the result with half the effort. For example, in? Structural design? In order to know whether the design of the small arch in Zhao Zhouqiao is reasonable and whether the bearing capacity of the bridge is reduced, we can use Algodoo, a policy software, to establish structural models with and without small arches on the computer according to the real size of Zhao Zhouqiao. By observing and comparing the changes of stress and load transfer in each part of the arch bridge when the car is driving on the bridge deck, it can be concluded that the semi-circular arch has little influence on the bearing capacity of the bridge.
General technology is a new course, which has just started in senior high school. There are many difficulties and problems, and there will be a long way to go. As a front-line teacher, it is necessary to constantly carry out and study the practical activities of general technology, gain more methods and experience through research and accumulation, and build a diversified and dynamic classroom, so as to promote the students' technical creative potential and technical literacy to be well guided and effectively developed, and also promote the sustainable development of general technology courses.
The second part of senior high school students' general technology thesis: a brief analysis of students' learning state in general technology course
From students' expressions in class, we can observe three learning states: novelty state-normal state-abandonment state. Strengthening the construction of experimental equipment is the best and necessary means to promote the normal development of general technology courses. At present, the compulsory course of general technology is set to complete teaching in two academic years, and one class hour is arranged every week. I think it will be better to set up two classes a week in parallel, and the effect will be better in one academic year.
Keywords: test equipment; Ability; situation
Our school has taught the general technology course for six years, which is a subject that all countries in the world are scrambling to start from scratch, and it is also a course of continuous exploration and growth, which needs our careful care, continuous accumulation and summary. In the past six years, I have conducted three compulsory courses of general technology, and found that some phenomena in the teaching process seem to be regular. Therefore, I think it is necessary to speak out for your reference. I hope that the general technology course will be carried out more smoothly and better in our school, so that students can learn this course more efficiently and better and cultivate their technical literacy.
There are always some similar features in each round of teaching, and three learning states are observed from students' expressions: novelty state-normal state-abandonment state. The novelty state is from the first year of high school to the first monthly exam last semester. During this period, the learning effect is very good, students feel eager to listen to this course, and teachers can also feel the joy of teaching. The normal state is that students can actively participate in the classroom from the first monthly exam last semester to the preparation for the reverse exam in senior two, and the effect is good. The state of giving up is that during the period from the beginning of the reverse exam in senior two to the end of this course, students are in a state of giving up class, their mental state is very poor, the class effect is not good, students do not cooperate with teaching, and teachers feel the pain of teaching. This has become a routine process in the teaching of general technology courses in our school. The following is my preliminary analysis of the reasons and some countermeasures:
Cause analysis of 1
General technology is a high school course that students have never been exposed to before. In addition, the first chapter of the course is "into the world of science and technology", which is easy to attract students and naturally has a novel state at the beginning of students. This is one of the reasons. Another more important reason is that students have just entered senior one, and the learning pressure of other subjects is relatively small. Students are in a natural state of learning and have no prejudice. It's time to relax their study. They can study curiously according to their own preferences. This has contributed to the golden teaching state time of general technology. However, after the first monthly exam in senior one, students feel the pressure of the college entrance examination subjects from the ranking of their scores, and the influence of social utilitarian thoughts has seriously hit students' enthusiasm and curiosity for learning. The great power of the exam, I can see it clearly from the students' reactions before and after the exam every time. The strong contrast makes me feel the intense changes and pain in the students' hearts. Before the exam, the vitality of the whole class, the expression like a newborn calf, and the enthusiasm during the discussion revealed the students' confidence; After the exam, some students were listless, drooping their heads, unwilling to discuss, and lacking in interest, which made me feel the sadness of being hit and losing confidence. At this time, I always wonder why the enthusiasm and curiosity of students were drowned by us so early. There is still a long time before the college entrance examination. Is it so difficult to give students a semester of enthusiasm and happy time? Why do we have to let some students suffer every month and lift their heads? Can't senior one cancel the monthly exam and mid-term exam last semester? Is it necessary to prepare for the college entrance examination so early? The runners sprinted in the final stage. I have never seen a good runner sprint as soon as he enters the arena. You can't run well if you sprint as soon as you enter the arena. Of course, the power of the monthly exam is still far less than that of the national college entrance examination. Therefore, after the first monthly exam, students' novel learning state is adjusted to normal learning state, and a few of them are divided, and most of them can listen carefully. However, with the encouragement of preparing for the exam and the college entrance examination after the exam, students' general technical state has become a state of giving up. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the learning situation of general technology courses is contrary to the pressure and tension of exams. The stronger you grasp the exam, the more difficult this course will be, the worse the learning effect of students will be, and the weaker the innovative thinking will be. I feel that the innovative thinking of senior two students is not as good as that of senior one. Why? I still can't figure it out.
Another important reason is that the teaching method behind the general technology course is single, and the lack of hands-on experimental equipment can only use multimedia means, which is also the reason for the poor learning status of students. Originally, the general technology course should be followed by students' hands-on design experiments, which can maintain students' interest in learning, is also the most critical content to cultivate students' hands-on ability, thinking ability and innovation ability, and is also the soul of general technology. However, at present, there is no experimental equipment and tools in our school, and it is in the stage of theoretical discussion, which will inevitably affect students' interest in learning, prevent students from verifying the possibility of their own design innovation success, and accumulate the will and experience brought about by various setbacks in the process of innovative design and production, so there is no way to experience the feeling of success and joy from design to production. This is also an important factor that leads to students not attending classes at the end of general technology courses.
Third, the required part of this course has a long time span. If you hang it once a week like this, it is not conducive to the study of this course. If there is experimental equipment, perhaps this problem is not prominent, and a longer time span arrangement may be beneficial to students' thinking, but if there is no experimental equipment, this arrangement should be unfavorable to the teaching and learning of this course.
2 Coping methods
Strengthening the construction of experimental equipment is the best and necessary means to promote the normal development of general technology courses, and it is also the development direction. In the future, there is huge room for development of this course. At present, only the compulsory part can be tested, and there is no experimental equipment. So this course can only be regarded as a normal course. There is still a lot of room for development in the later elective part, which is also the development direction. Now, you can see that middle schools are trying to score in the college entrance examination. Maybe at the same time, you also find it easier and easier to enter the university. This signal tells us that in the future, the requirements for middle schools will shift from focusing on scores to focusing on ability. Ten years later, middle schools may try to grade students' abilities. At that time, general technology must be a part that parents of students attach great importance to. Therefore, it is beneficial to the long-term development of our school to change the concept of education and plan ahead.
In addition, at present, the compulsory course of general technology is set to complete teaching in two academic years, and one class hour is arranged every week. I think it will be better to set up two classes a week in parallel, and the effect will be better in one academic year. In fact, the textbook design is like this. Judging from the current learning situation, it is best to finish this course in the first year of high school, which is the most beneficial to the teaching of this course itself. Of course, I think from the perspective of this topic, just for reference.
Finally, quote a few words as a conclusion. See how foreign countries recognize and treat this course, and how should we treat it? Excerpts from American "206 1 plan":? In the next historical stage of human development and change, science and technology and mathematics are the center of change. They cause, shape and respond to social changes, which are the basis for today's children to cope with tomorrow's world. General education should introduce technology into our history in a sacred way. Each of us is an inseparable part of our future. Technical education should be the basic education for contemporary children and adolescents. ?
The third part of senior high school students' general technology thesis: On the general technology teaching in senior high school.
General technology is a discipline with the basic goal of improving students' technical literacy and promoting students' all-round individualized development, and insisting on a high degree of unity of foundation, universality, selectivity and times. It pays attention to the development of students' creative potential and strengthens the cultivation of students' practical ability; Strengthen humanistic quality education based on the vision of science and technology and society; Closely connect with students' real life and strive to embody advanced technology and culture; Enrich students' learning process and advocate the diversification of learning methods. The author has been engaged in general technology teaching for three years. Combined with the teaching in recent years, talk about my understanding of the course of general technology.
1 analyze the teaching materials, analyze the learning situation, and formulate appropriate? Three-dimensional target?
The realization of the goal of general technology curriculum depends on teachers, whose level and ability are the key to the success or failure of the implementation of the curriculum concept. If teachers want to have a good class, they must first understand the course objectives, analyze the teaching materials and learning situation of this section, and then make appropriate ones. Three-dimensional target? Then complete the teaching goal well.
1. 1 analysis textbook
Teaching material analysis is an important task for teachers to prepare lessons and the basis of teaching design. When analyzing textbooks, we should look at the textbooks from the perspective of the whole book and make a systematic and relevant analysis of the textbooks, so as to truly achieve it? Teaching with textbooks instead of textbooks? .
1.2 Analysis of learning situation
Analysis of learning situation refers to the characteristics of students in learning, learning methods, habits, interests and grades. Teaching activities are organized for students. Only by accurately grasping the actual situation of students' interest, learning motivation, learning needs, starting level and cognitive tendency can we design effective teaching procedures and maximize classroom teaching efficiency.
1.3 formulation is appropriate? Three-dimensional target?
According to the new round of basic education curriculum reform, it can be seen that the technical curriculum in ordinary high schools has been established from the aspects of improving students' humanistic quality, the nature and characteristics of technical curriculum and the quality of future citizens in modern society. Three-dimensional target? , that is? Knowledge and skills, processes and methods, emotions, attitudes and values? .
1) knowledge and skills. Knowledge refers to facts, concepts, principles and laws. Skills refer to sports skills and skills such as observation, reading, calculation and investigation. The goal of knowledge and skills emphasizes the acquisition of basic knowledge and skills.
2) Processes and methods. Process and method refer to the process of cognition, scientific inquiry and interpersonal communication in the process of cognition.
3) Emotional attitudes and values. Emotional attitudes and values not only include feelings, attitudes and value judgments about themselves, people, nature and their relationships, but also include scientific attitudes and scientific spirits that should be possessed in doing things.
In the process of curriculum implementation, the goals of the three dimensions are an inseparable whole, so we should pay attention to the integration and coordination of the three and strive to achieve the unity of the three. If you really want to write a good three-dimensional goal, you must seriously study the curriculum standards, carefully analyze the learning situation, and carefully analyze the teaching materials. A good three-dimensional goal should be written from the perspective of students. Know, understand, master and feel through experience? Wait, not from the teacher's point of view? Cultivate students and let students teach students? Wait for such wording.
2 ok? Import? Is half the battle.
As the saying goes:? A good beginning is half the battle. ? Lead-in is the most important link in classroom teaching. Successful import forms and contents can activate students' thinking and stimulate their thirst for knowledge. Successful introduction can also enhance students' learning enthusiasm and subjective initiative, and enliven the classroom atmosphere.
For a class, the lead-in is only a few minutes, but it is very important. Good lead-in can quickly attract students and make them actively participate in the teaching process. In practical teaching, there are many forms of import: review import, picture import, video import and physical import. In view of the characteristics of the general technology course itself, the focus is on cultivating students' technical literacy, so the author insists on the principle that pictures are not as good as videos and videos are not as good as objects in teaching.
Like in Technology and Design 2? 4. 1 Know how to control? At that time, considering that students often come into contact with control phenomena in daily life, the author didn't realize that these phenomena were control phenomena, especially there was a certain mystery about automatic control, so he chose the form of physical import (toy: puppy climbing stairs) when importing. By turning on the switch, the puppy climbed stairs driven by the motor. This is actually a simple control phenomenon. Because students play with toys as children, it is easy to cause * * * and break the mystery of control.
Apply modern teaching methods to create a good learning environment and stimulate students' interest in learning.
Interest is the best teacher and the best motivation for learning. A strong interest in learning and a strong thirst for knowledge are the most powerful factors to stimulate students' learning. At the beginning of teaching, due to the limited school conditions, teachers can only impart knowledge to students with a textbook, a piece of chalk and a mouth, which is boring and monotonous, and students are often bored; Later, under the leadership of school leaders and with the cooperation of colleagues, students were given a tutoring plan in each class, and relatively new technologies and cases were integrated into teaching. Sometimes, we will create conditions and make some simple teaching AIDS ourselves. Now, due to the development of multimedia technology, teaching has injected new forms.
Modern teaching means is a broad concept, which refers to the teaching means with multimedia as the core. In the teaching of general technology, we use multimedia teaching methods to visualize abstract knowledge with intuitive and vivid pictures and videos, so that students' inner potential can be stimulated and realized. Want me to learn? Where to? I want to learn? Effective transformation.
In Technology and Technology 2? 4. 1 Know how to control? Sometimes, although students often use control in their daily lives, many students do not realize that these phenomena are control phenomena, and they still have a certain mystery about control. So I collected some pictures and videos about control, such as? How to open and close the automatic door of TV guided missile? Wait a minute. Pass? Television guided missile? In the video, students learned how TV-guided missiles attack targets. Pass? Automatic door switch? In the video, the students learned how to open and close the automatic door, thus breaking the mystery of control and understanding what control is.
4. Pay equal attention to teaching and practice
General technology is a course based on practice. General technology is based on students' direct experience and personal experience, based on? Doing middle school? And then what? Learn by doing? . General technology is based on students' hands-on operation, personal experience and personal experience, emphasizing students' full participation and full participation. So? Practice? It is the foothold of general technology course teaching.
In the actual teaching process, practice? Play a very important role. In the teaching of technology and design 1? 4.2 Model or prototype making? When, combined with the actual situation of the school and the actual situation of students, to carry out? Model making (foam model)? And then what? Simple structural design (making small benches and swings, etc.). )? It has greatly improved students' autonomous learning ability, cooperative learning ability and interest in general technical subjects.
5 Teaching reflection
Teaching reflection is to reflect on your own gains and losses after teaching. It is the driving force of teaching innovation and the ladder to improve teaching level. After each class, I will meditate deeply from the aspects of classroom design, teacher-student interaction, students' mastery and multimedia application, write down the wonderful parts and omissions, and write down my own thoughts and experiences as the basis for improving teaching and exploring laws in the future. Sometimes in class, generate often gives lectures because of some accidental events (students' answers to a certain question or their own ideas about knowledge points). A spark of wisdom? , this kind? Epiphany? It is often involuntary and sudden. If you don't use after-class reflection and capture in time, it will disappear with the passage of time, which is regrettable!
Teachers are a sacred profession and shoulder the historical responsibility of cultivating the next generation. Modern society is a rapidly developing society, and knowledge is changing with each passing day. In order to achieve the teaching goal efficiently, we must keep learning, enrich ourselves and integrate new knowledge and new teaching concepts into teaching. In the future teaching work, the author will learn from old teachers and experienced teachers with an open mind, be more strict with himself, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, strive for perfection, and strive to raise his teaching level to a new level and height.
refer to
Wang Jinghua. Research on General Technology Teaching [M]. Beijing: Electronic Industry Press, 2010.4.
[2] Liu Qiongfa. Technology and design: 1[M]. Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 2010:131-140.
Liu qiongfa. Technology and design: 2[M]. Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 2010:107-114.
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