Design art, industrial design, social culture
"Design is not a profession, it is an attitude and concept, a planning (planning) attitude." Laszlo laszlo moholy nagy. "Design is a behavior that includes planning. In order to control the result, this is a difficult intellectual work, which requires a cautious key decision. It does not attach importance to appearance first, but integrates all the consequences related to it, including economic, social and cultural effects. " -Park Jung Su (Ulm School of Modeling). Design is a reflection of social and cultural thoughts in a fundamental sense, so design art is an ideal of society to some extent. To discuss the development trend of design art, we should first look at people's ideal model, or demand, or fantasy, or expectation, or responsibility for society.
With the changes of the times, the concept of design is constantly changing. 2 1 century, with the development of science and technology, especially network technology, the design concept is constantly developing, exploring the unknown, and looking for new modeling language and artistic concept for post-industrial society. That is to say, design is no longer just to study the world in its own way, but more importantly, it is to reconcile the duality of design research science, that is, the influence of technology on people's lifestyle and the pollution and crisis that technology brings to society. The concept of design determines the development direction of design art. This paper discusses the future development trend of design art from the following angles.
1 The development of design art must adapt to the changes of science and technology.
The change of human values and ways of thinking is long, but the development ideas and policies of a country's socio-economic situation will inevitably greatly affect its development. Controlling population growth and protecting ecological environment have become the basic national policies that China must adhere to. The design concept of Danish designer Niels Peter Flint can give us a lot of inspiration. He doubted the western values of material enjoyment and consumption, advocated the transformation from material enjoyment of industrial civilization to non-material process, emphasized service and ubiquitous information exchange, and even yearned for the idea that orientals live in harmony with nature. Now he is focusing on the conceptual design of "sustainable" products and buildings, and has opened a store named after himself (Flint) to sell "sustainable" products.
It can be seen that one of the key issues of industrial design is to deal with the relationship between design concept and social economy. Therefore, the interaction between design and social economy is the general trend of design art development.
From the perspective of social economy, industrialization is the essence of modernization. Britain's industrialization began in the18th century, and both Western Europe and North America began in the19th century, and entered a mature and highly industrialized stage in the middle of this century. In other regions, the process of industrialization mostly began in the 20th century. For the vast number of developing countries, it began after the Second World War. So industrialization is a process of globalization, and this process is far from coming to an end. Industrialization brings industrial culture and civilization, and its essence is the pursuit of materialization. In the process of high industrialization in the west, on the one hand, life has reached a new level, on the other hand, it has witnessed all the negative effects brought by industrialization. Many western scholars have proposed that the key factor in the transformation from industrialized material civilization to intangible civilization is information technology. The design concept of 2 1 century is to change from tangible design to intangible design; The transformation from material design to immaterial design; Change from product design to service design; From the design of physical products to the design of virtual products.
The development of human society is spiraling, and the question of the integration of technology and art put forward by postmodernism will be answered in the design of the information age. With the rapid development of computer technology and network technology, the proportion of information industry in economic life is increasing, and the number of people engaged in specific industrial production is gradually decreasing, while the number of people engaged in information industry and service industry is increasing rapidly. The focus of people's needs has shifted from the material field to the spiritual field. Our society has changed from the past "hardware society" to today's "software society", and mankind has entered the era of knowledge economy.
New technology has completely changed our life and way of thinking again. The large, centralized and standardized production scale in the industrial era has developed into a small, flexible and diversified development in the post-industrial era. Personalization and cultural characteristics of products have become the focus of production design, and their significance has changed qualitatively. The opposition of the two cultures moves towards integration, which makes the traditional functionalist design concept change with the change of environment. In product design, the form and function of the product are not necessarily related.
With the development of information society, pure scientism culture can no longer meet the spiritual and cultural needs of human beings. Design has become a comprehensive subject combining science, technology and art. New design forms appear in our lives, and the designed products have become a constantly changing thing, through which designers can interact with customers. For example, traditional forms of multimedia design, virtual space design and web page design no longer exist. Paper, ink and binding lines have become all kinds of electronic circuits. More importantly, they are no longer motionless in front of us like newspapers and books, but are flashing all kinds of lights and changing shapes on the screen. Every time you press a key, a new scene will appear, and new words will follow you. Here, any unchangeable way of thinking and measurement is meaningless. Designers are also artists. They will explore the unknown world with sensibility, create a more reasonable living space for human beings, and let people live in harmony with nature at a higher level. 2 The development of design art must conform to the social and cultural background
Design can't be separated from huge philosophical thoughts and distant national traditions, because that is the soil that breeds it. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are the three elements of China traditional culture. Every China's education is based on these three. If you don't have a deep understanding of these basic ideas, but try to convey these ideas and concepts through design, the result will be to seek fish from the edge of the tree.
There are fundamental differences between eastern and western philosophical systems in the concept of the relationship between man and nature. In the west, especially since the Renaissance, human beings have always been regarded as the masters of nature, and even can control nature, which led to the industrial revolution and various outstanding scientific and technological inventions. In the east, human beings are often regarded as a part of nature and constantly strive to seek harmony with nature. Our western-led and fiercely competitive consumer society often lacks stability; The idea of peace and tranquility instilled in the oriental philosophy system just makes up for this deficiency. For example, in China traditional art, the consciousness of space composition, vibrant rhythm and rhythm, the organic combination of line and surface, the artistic conception of painting in poetry and painting in poetry ... These energetic shapes all embody the ideal realm of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and they are just the carriers of oriental civilization. These shapes are not simple representations of known things, nor pure subjective fantasies, but explorations in the unknown human spiritual world and the external world with intuitive feelings that cannot be replaced by scientific thinking. It records the brave behavior of our ancestors for long-term survival, and the profound aesthetic and philosophical views arising from it, so these shapes are full of vitality and eternity, and are the spiritual wealth of all mankind.
In the developed world, information is developed and social and cultural development is gradually integrated. The development trend of contemporary design art must be based on local culture and ideological foundation, combining the essence with modern thoughts, enriching our lives and becoming a multipolar modern international cultural system.
With the gradual disintegration of the thinking mode and aesthetic system of western industrial civilization, the center of economic development has shifted from the west to the east. Some scholars predict that 2 1 century will be the century of Asia, and the oriental cultural values based on Confucian culture have revived. Grasping the historical opportunity and re-understanding China's traditional philosophy and aesthetics from a new height is the road for China's design to go global.
Design is a kind of cultural design, not just a list and patchwork of popular colors and blocks. Drawing lessons from western modern design concepts is based on traditional aesthetics. In the design practice, it is one of the important contents of developing China design to study the composition principle, planarization characteristics and force balance among elements of China traditional painting. Pay attention to "business position" in the composition of traditional painting, that is, pay attention to the harmony and unity of all parts in the effect of planarization, and strive to achieve the balance of various elements, that is, the strength of various elements are included in the whole picture, "even if the content is complex, it is unified in the artistic conception." At the same time, it is also an important subject to absorb and draw lessons from the dialectical relationship between "standing and breaking" in traditional composition and the effect of traditional pen and ink.
One of the challenges of future design is the possibility of sustainable development.
In the long run, the best ecological products will succeed and control the market. In modern society, more and more problems are bothering us. The rapid decrease of natural resources and the aggravation of environmental pollution have led to the decline of western industrial economy. Saving resources, protecting the environment and ecological requirements have become urgent problems to be solved, such as exploring new methods to solve garbage disposal to reduce pollution and save raw materials; Improve the product structure to make it repairable; Use waste-free solar energy; Water saving design, etc.
Gruss put forward the theory of "meaningful function" in 1975, trying to jump out of the purpose rationality of natural science thinking and tend to the thinking method of humanities, especially perceptual psychology. It first put forward the design idea of regenerative cycle in Germany, which is ecological design.
In the development of industrial civilization, the excessive expansion of anthropocentrism has caused serious environmental problems, prompting people to rethink the development model of human society. In the process of exploration, people put forward the idea of sustainable development, arguing that contemporary development should not harm the development rights and opportunities of future generations. At present, the pursuit of sustainable development of human civilization has been widely recognized around the world, and many countries have formulated development plans that reflect the idea of sustainable development according to their own actual conditions. China 2 1 Century Agenda is a concentrated expression of China's strategic thought of sustainable development. Compared with agriculture and industrial economy, knowledge economy takes science, technology and information as raw materials for economic development, and is based on the full development and utilization of human intelligence. It will not exploit and utilize natural resources in a predatory way, thus destroying the living environment of human beings. On the contrary, it will use scientific and technological means to protect and transform the natural environment in order to maintain ecological balance and pursue economic benefits. The unification of social benefits and ecological benefits makes the natural environment more conducive to the healthy development of human beings, thus making modern human society step into the track of sustainable development.
Change is continuous, and so is design. In order to explore the development trend of design art, we must understand that design is an interdisciplinary subject. In the era of human scientific and cultural progress and innovation, design art, as a harmonious link between art and science, matter and spirit, man and environment, has become an unchangeable principle.