Acupuncture is a clinical subject that uses acupuncture to prevent and treat diseases under the guidance of Chinese medicine theory. It is an important part of Chinese medicine, including meridians, acupoints, acupuncture methods, clinical treatment, acupuncture medical classics, experimental acupuncture and so on. Acupuncture has the advantages of wide indications, remarkable curative effect, convenient operation, economy and safety. It has been deeply welcomed by the working people for thousands of years and has made great contributions to the prosperity of the Chinese nation. Acupuncture is a kind of medicine developed by working people and medical scientists in China in the long-term struggle against diseases. It has a long history, and its origin has been difficult to test. However, the exploration of literature records, unearthed cultural relics and social development laws has sprouted long before the emergence of characters. According to "Nine Needles and Twelve Skirts of Lingshu", "I don't want to be poisoned, and I don't want to use Bian Shi, but I want to use micro-needles to dredge meridians and regulate blood gas ..." It can be seen that the predecessor of acupuncture is Bian Shi. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" records: "Distinguish, stab the disease with a stone." Shanhai JD.COM: "The high mountain is rich in jade, and there are gems under the mountain". Guo Pu pointed out: "You can use acupuncture to treat pain and swelling." . This is an early record of Bian technique. The ancients lived on a vast land and struggled with birds and animals, so it was impossible to be disease-free. When you are sick, in addition to praying for ghosts and gods, you often instinctively touch and pat a certain part of your body surface with your hands or stones, and sometimes your illness will be alleviated. Through long-term experience accumulation, the method of treating bian stone is gradually formed. 1963, a millstone needle was unearthed at the Neolithic site in Tongtoudaowa, Duolun, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. According to identification, it is considered as the original tool of acupuncture. Therefore, the origin of kerbstone can be traced back to the Neolithic Age from 10000 to 4000 years ago, or even earlier. With the invention of metallurgy, needles have been continuously improved. Until the period of Neijing, the ancient stone needles, bone needles and bamboo needles were changed into metal needles such as copper needles, iron needles, gold needles and silver needles, and the method of replacing stone needles was improved into stainless steel needles. 1978, a "bronze needle" was first found in Du cultural relics unearthed in Dalat Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. 1968 There are nine gold and silver medical needles in the tomb of Liu Sheng of the Western Han Dynasty unearthed in Gaocheng, Hebei Province. The production is quite fine, which proves the continuous progress of metal needle production. Moxibustion is produced after the discovery and use of fire. People feel comfortable or relieved when they find that a certain part of their body is cooked by fire. Through long-term practice, from various branches of moxibustion to moxibustion, moxibustion has been formed. "Su Wenyi's Theory of Law and Prescription" said: "All diseases caused by cold storage should be treated with moxibustion." In other words, with the progress of medicine, it developed into a variety of moxibustion methods. Due to the gradual reform of acupuncture equipment and materials, the scope of acupuncture treatment has been expanded, the therapeutic effect has been improved, and the development of acupuncture science has been effectively promoted. The development of acupuncture has gone through a long process. From 65438 to 0973, there were two ancient books about meridians in the medical silk unearthed from No.3 Han Tomb in Mawangdui, Changsha City, Hunan Province, namely "Moxibustion Sutra of Eleven Veins in Foot Arms" and "Moxibustion Sutra of Eleven Veins in Yin and Yang". Among them, the circulation distribution, symptoms and moxibustion treatment of eleven veins are described. After preliminary textual research, his works were earlier than Huangdi Neijing, and the early appearance of meridian theory can be seen here. Huangdi Neijing has made a detailed discussion on meridians, acupoints, acupuncture methods, indications and contraindications, among which Lingshu contains more abundant and systematic acupuncture theory, so Lingshu is also called "acupuncture meridians". It can be seen that acupuncture was relatively mature at that time, which laid a theoretical foundation for the development of acupuncture in later generations. Besides Lingshu, the earliest extant acupuncture monograph is the first one published by Huangfu Mi in Jin Dynasty. With reference to Neijing and Tang Ming's acupoint therapy, the author discusses the theory of zang-fu organs and meridians, describes zang-fu organs according to head, face, chest, abdomen and back, develops and determines the positions, indications and operations of 349 acupoints on the basis of Neijing, and introduces acupuncture techniques, contraindications and treatment methods of common diseases. This is another summary of acupuncture after Neijing, which plays a connecting role in the history of acupuncture development. There are 109 acupuncture prescriptions recorded by Ge Hong in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, 99 of which are moxibustion prescriptions, which aroused people's attention to moxibustion and made moxibustion develop as well as acupuncture. In the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao explained the selection and application of "Ashi point" in Qian Jin Fang, and drew "Three Figures of Tang and Ming Dynasties", in which the front, back and side the twelve meridians and the eight strange meridians of the human body were drawn in different colors, and especially recommended the method of moxibustion for disease prevention, which made contributions to preventive medicine. Since then, Wang Tao has comprehensively introduced moxibustion in the book "Tips Outside Taiwan", which has played a positive role in the popularization of moxibustion. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, "Taiyi Department" was set up to take charge of medical education, and acupuncture became one of the specialized disciplines. There were doctors, assistants and acupuncturists engaged in teaching, which showed the importance attached to acupuncture at that time. The Illustration of Acupuncture and Moxibustion at Tongren Acupoint, edited by Wang in Northern Song Dynasty, recorded the contents of meridians and acupoints, and verified 354 acupoints. The book is carved on a stone tablet and set in Bianjing (Kaifeng, Henan Province) for acupuncture learners to print and read. The following year, two bronze statues were designed and cast, which were the earliest acupuncture models in China, and played a great role in acupoint identification and teaching. In Yuan Dynasty, Hua Boren thought that Ren Du's two meridians were strange meridians, but they had special acupoints, so they should be compared with the twelve meridians and summarized into fourteen meridians, and he wrote The Drama of Fourteen Meridians, which systematically expounded the route of meridians and related fu organs, which was very helpful for future generations to study meridians. The Ming Dynasty was a prosperous period of acupuncture. Based on the heirloom Mystery of Health Acupuncture, Yang Jizhou collected acupuncture works of past dynasties, combined with practical experience, and wrote a masterpiece of acupuncture, which is rich in content and another summary of acupuncture after Neijing and A-B Classic. Until today, it is still the main reference work for learning acupuncture. At that time, Chen Hui's Shen Ying Jing, Xu Feng's A Complete Collection of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Gao Wu's British Acupuncture, Wang Ji's Query on Acupuncture and Li Shizhen's Eight-pulse Examination were all spectacular, and each school had its own strengths, forming different schools and schools of thought contending, which promoted the development of acupuncture and moxibustion. Although there were some books in Qing Dynasty, such as Jin Jian of Medical Zong and Acupuncture and Moxibustion, edited by Liao Runhong, there were few new ideas. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, acupuncture had declined. Although acupuncture medicine, which has been circulating for thousands of years, has been developing continuously, its speed is relatively slow due to the limitation of historical conditions. In particular, the ruling class of the Qing Dynasty, because of its feudal ethics, ordered in 1822 to stop the use of acupuncture in imperial hospitals and abolish the acupuncture department, and generally "Confucian doctors" also paid attention to decocting drugs instead of acupuncture. After the defeat of the Opium War, imperialism invaded, set up missionary hospitals and medical schools in various places, repelled and attacked China medicine, which made the cause of Chinese medicine, including acupuncture, decline even more and almost collapsed. However, because acupuncture is economical, convenient and effective, it is deeply welcomed by working people. Although the Kuomintang government tried to stifle it, it was still applied and circulated among the people. At the same time, people with lofty ideals all over the country have set up societies and schools to cultivate talents and made certain contributions to the development of acupuncture. After the founding of New China, due to the implementation of the Party's Chinese medicine policy, Chinese medicine gained a new life, which brought the revival and prosperity of acupuncture. Colleges and hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine have been established all over the country, acupuncture specialties and specialties have been set up, and specialized research institutions have been established, which have made great achievements in teaching, medical care and scientific research. In the past 30 years, a large number of acupuncture works have been edited and published. Medical colleges and universities all over the country have used unified acupuncture textbooks, and proofread and interpret Neijing, Difficult Classic, A-B Classic and Acupuncture Dacheng. There are no fewer than ten thousand acupuncture papers published in national newspapers and periodicals. It has created good conditions for learning acupuncture and greatly enriched the content of acupuncture and moxibustion medicine. Great progress has been made in the clinical work of acupuncture and moxibustion, and the types of diseases treated are constantly expanding. Clinical practice shows that acupuncture has different curative effects on more than 300 diseases in internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and pediatrics, among which about 100 diseases have better or better curative effects. Acupuncture treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, gallstones, bacillary dysentery, etc. It not only affirmed its curative effect by scientific methods, but also expounded its principle of action by modern physiology, biochemistry, microbiology and immunology. , accumulated a lot of data. Since 1960s, acupuncture anesthesia has been used in medical circles in China, and a variety of surgical operations have been successfully performed, which has added new contents to anesthesia methods, aroused widespread concern of scholars all over the world, and promoted the development of acupuncture medicine. In recent years, through multidisciplinary cooperation, the principle of acupuncture treatment has been deeply studied. Practice has proved that acupuncture can regulate the functions of various systems of the body and enhance the body's disease resistance. The research on the principle of acupuncture analgesia has gone deep into the molecular biochemical level of nerve cells, electrophysiology and brain peptide and other neurotransmitters. After a large number of general surveys, the study of meridians not only affirmed the objective existence of sensation transmission along meridians, but also studied the laws, objective indicators and measurement methods of sensation transmission along meridians, which provided important clues for the discussion of the essence of meridians. At the same time, many areas have also carried out research work on acupuncture technology and achieved initial results. For thousands of years, acupuncture and moxibustion medicine has not only played an important role in the health care of our people, but also spread abroad very early and made certain contributions to the health care of other countries. Around the 6th century AD, acupuncture medicine was introduced into Korea, and books such as acupuncture A and B were used as teaching materials. In 562 AD, Wu Renzhi of our country brought pictures and acupuncture classics to Japan. In 70 1 year, Japan began to set up acupuncture department in medical education, and has also set up acupuncture college, which is deeply loved by Japanese people. /kloc-At the end of 0/7th century, acupuncture spread to Europe. In addition to offering acupuncture specialties, some countries have also set up specialized institutions to study acupuncture medicine and held international academic conferences on acupuncture for many times. Some provinces and cities in China have established international acupuncture training bases and trained a large number of acupuncturists for all countries in the world. At present, acupuncture medical treatment, scientific research and education have been carried out in more than 20 countries and regions in the world. The World Health Organization also recommends acupuncture to treat 43 diseases to countries all over the world. 1987 1 1 With the support of the World Health Organization, the inaugural meeting of the World Acupuncture Federation and the first World Acupuncture Academic Conference were held in Beijing. China's unique acupuncture medicine has become an important part of world medicine, and has had a positive and extensive influence.