Choosing a topic is the key first step in writing a paper, which is directly related to the quality of the paper. As the saying goes, "A good composition is half the battle". For example, for clinical nursing specialty, we should pay attention to the following topics: ① We should combine study and work practice, and choose topics with theoretical and practical significance according to our familiar specialty and research interests; The topic of thesis writing should be small rather than big, as long as you have your own opinions, successful experiences, lessons of failure, or new ideas and understanding of an academic field or viewpoint, which is meaningful and useful to read; (3) The topic of thesis writing should be checked by literature, which can not only understand the research degree of others on this issue, but also learn from other people's research results on this issue.
It should be pointed out that the topic of thesis writing is related to the topic of thesis, but it is not the same thing. The topic is drawn up on the basis of the selected topic, which is a high summary of the selected topic. But the topic selection and writing should not be limited by the topic. Sometimes in the process of writing, the topic has not changed, but it has changed several times.
Second, design.
The design is to further ask questions and plan a preliminary solution to the problem after the topic of thesis writing is determined, so that scientific research and writing can proceed smoothly. The design of nursing papers should include the following aspects: ① professional design: a research scheme proposed according to the needs of topic selection and existing technical conditions; (2) Statistical design: The statistical treatment scheme proposed by the method of health statistics is particularly important for the writing of nursing papers containing experimental comparative samples; (3) Writing design: a preliminary plan for drafting an outline and writing. In a word, design is the blueprint of nursing scientific research and paper writing, without which it is impossible.
Third, experiment and observation.
It is an extremely important step to engage in basic or clinical nursing scientific research, write papers and make necessary animal experiments or clinical observations. It is not only a basic process to obtain objective results and draw correct conclusions, but also an important way to accumulate papers and writing materials. Experiment is a method to explore objective laws by various material means (experimental instruments, animals, etc.). ) according to the research purpose; Observation is a conscious investigation of natural phenomena to reveal the reasons behind the phenomena and their laws. Their main functions are to collect scientific facts, obtain perceptual materials for scientific research, and develop and test scientific theories. The difference between the two is that "observation is to collect what natural phenomena provide, while experiment is to extract what you want from natural phenomena." Therefore, whether it is animal experiments or clinical observation, we should be meticulous, based on various facts, and make various records in our work.
Some nursing papers do not necessarily need animal experiments or clinical observation, such as nursing management papers or nursing reviews, but necessary social practice activities are still indispensable. Only by raising the materials obtained from practice to theory can we get valuable results.
Fourth, data collection and processing.
Data is the basis of thesis writing. After the topic selection, design, observation and experiment, collecting and processing data is the further preparation for writing a paper.
Thesis writing materials can be divided into primary materials and secondary materials. The former is also called original data or direct data, which refers to what the author personally participates in investigation, research or observation. Such as records made in experiments or observations, belong to this kind of information; The latter, also known as second-hand information or indirect information, refers to relevant professional or specialized documents, which are mainly accumulated through usual study. On the basis of obtaining enough information, it needs to be processed to make it systematic, organized and convenient for application. For thesis writing, these two materials are essential, so they should be properly applied to thesis writing and pay attention to the distinction between primary and secondary. Especially for the literature, we should quote it properly on the basis of full digestion and absorption, and don't pretend to be the master. The use of first-hand information should also be true, accurate and correct.
Five, the thesis writing outline
Writing an outline is also an important step, which can be said to have entered the formal writing stage. ① Have a general understanding of the basic types (common formats) of academic papers, and consider the composition of papers according to the information you have. For beginners' thesis writing, you can refer to the types of papers published in magazines and be aware of them; (2) Make further research on the data and comprehensively consider the selection and application of various materials, so as to make the argument prominent, reliable and powerful, and the contents of each part are properly connected. ③ The degree of detail of the thesis outline should be considered. Thesis outline can be divided into two types: coarse outline and fine outline. The former only indicates the main points of each part and does not involve the development of materials and papers. Experienced paper authors can use it. But for beginners, it is best to draw up a detailed writing outline, which not only puts forward the main points of each part of the paper, but also reflects the detailed arrangement of the materials involved and the relationship between the parts, so that writing can be handy.
Sixth, writing.
Writing from scratch marks that scientific research has entered the stage of expressing achievements. With good topics, rich materials, detailed outlines, and fluent writing, we should not take it lightly. A high-quality academic paper should be substantial in content, but it should also pay attention to form, concise and accurate in text expression, standardized in grammar and rhetoric, and moderate in sentence length. Special attention should be paid to the use of medical science and technology style, expressed in declarative sentences, to reduce or avoid exclamations, lyric sentences and slang, and not to contact party and government leaders and their speeches or political situations at the beginning or end of the paper.
Thesis writing, like other stylistic writing, has the continuity of thinking. Therefore, when writing, we should try our best to eliminate all kinds of interference, so that our thinking activities can continue, and we should concentrate on it and strive for one go. For longer papers, you should also do it in one go, don't give up halfway, so the writing effect is better.