He won the 192 1 Nobel Prize in Physics for his "contribution to theoretical physics, especially the discovery of the principle of photoelectric effect". This discovery is a key step in the establishment of quantum theory.
Early in his career, Einstein discovered that classical mechanics and electromagnetic fields could not coexist, thus developing special relativity. He also found that the principle of relativity can be extended to the modeling of gravity field. According to some developed theories of gravity, he published his general theory of relativity in 19 15.
He continued to study statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which enabled him to give explanations of particle theory and molecular motion. 19 17, Einstein established a large-scale structural universe model by applying general relativity.
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Einstein put forward two basic postulates of special relativity in his paper "On Electrodynamics of Moving Objects": "The speed of light is constant" and "the principle of relativity". According to these two postulates, when the speed of motion is close to the speed of light, some important amendments are made to classical mechanics, thus solving the contradiction between Maxwell's equations and the laws of classical mechanics. After finishing, these pioneering works became Einstein's special theory of relativity.
Recognizing the relativity of time and space and the invariance of light speed, several inevitable inferences are drawn. First of all, a moving object will shrink in length in its direction of motion. Second, moving objects will experience time expansion. In other words, a moving clock goes slower than a stationary clock. Third, the concept of ether is actually redundant and useless.
Einstein expressed the equivalence of mass and energy in his paper, and deduced the mass-energy equation E from the equation of special relativity. =? Mc2. This means that energy and mass are actually the same thing and can be converted to each other. For any object, its mass will increase with its speed.
Einstein's theory of relativity has been controversial for many years. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics 192 1 year not because he praised his great contribution to the theory of relativity. Planck is one of the most enthusiastic physicists who support the theory of relativity.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Albert Einstein