Fan Wenyi
At first, as soon as we arrived at this construction site, we were assigned to the pay-off group. Pay-off is the foundation of architecture, which is necessary for us beginners. During this period, I got a better understanding of level and theodolite, and became more familiar with the operation of measuring instruments, which made me practice the observation of instruments at the construction site and adapted me to operating instruments under different conditions.
Working at night is a skill that can make us adapt to the field work under worse conditions. Only by adapting to the worst environment can we exercise ourselves better and learn more and more solidly. It's very cold at night in early spring. In the drowsiness and cold, we have to complete the measurement task, which is a challenge for our newly internship college students and a test that reflects our adaptability. Besides surveying, we should also do some other things to enrich our internship life. Digging, digging stones, moving bricks ... is to exercise our will. Although these exercises didn't have a good effect, they also honed themselves. But we feel the taste of society, let us know the hard work, and we should gradually adapt to the life on the construction site.
Through this internship, I have a perceptual knowledge of the major I am about to engage in from practice, which has laid a solid foundation for future professional study. Not only let us learn a lot of knowledge that we can't learn in class, but also broaden our horizons and increase our knowledge, laying a solid foundation for us to better apply what we have learned to practical work in the future. Through practice, I have a deeper contact with professional knowledge, further understand the importance of reasonably controlling the cost of construction projects, understand the problems existing in the process of project construction management and the difficult problems that conflict between theory and practice, and write an internship report, so that I can learn to comprehensively use what I have learned and improve my ability to analyze and solve professional problems. Through this internship, I learned a lot:
A, measuring unreeling
It is also very important to determine the location of the building before the project starts. In the survey work, I learned that to determine the location of the building, we must first carry out positioning survey according to the coordinate points, coordinate lines and building red lines given by the Planning Institute to determine its location.
Mainly should pay attention to the following points:
(1) axis is the basic vertical and horizontal line, and the absolute elevation is 0. 00 elevation, respectively, the basic axis elevation of adjacent buildings.
(2) Vertical measurement of buildings.
A: Establish auxiliary axis control network.
B: Establish the construction line control network, and draw the construction lines such as wall sideline and column sideline according to the auxiliary axis control network.
(3) Building horizontal elevation measurement.
Elevation control of buildings. Using layered transfer method, press 0. 00 elevation line, the elevation of the building will be led to the vertical reinforcement surface of a column, and the measurement will be transmitted upwards on this floor.
Foundation engineering: Foundation engineering is the most critical part of every building, which directly affects the quality of the project. And the technical content of the basic part is also very high. The foundation of this project includes earthwork excavation, drainage, raft foundation construction and floor concrete.
Second, the concrete engineering
(A), template design
Construction preparation:
1. Basic work before template installation:
1) Setting-out: First, measure the axes of the side columns and walls of the building, and take this axis as the starting point to lead out the axes. During template setting-out, the center line and edge line of the template shall be popped up with chalk line according to the construction drawing, and the edge line and outer control line of the template shall be popped up for the wall template, so as to facilitate the installation and correction of the template.
2) According to the requirements of actual elevation, directly measure the horizontal elevation of the building to the installation position of the formwork with a level.
3) The bottom of the formwork shall be leveled in advance, and sundries shall be cleaned to ensure the correct position of the formwork, so as to prevent slurry leakage or root rot at the bottom of the formwork after concrete molding.
4) The foreman determines the assembly design scheme of the template in advance, and makes technical, quality and safety disclosure to the construction team.
5) Template shall be coated with release agent.
(2), concrete engineering
The quality of concrete has a great influence on the safety and cost of the structure, so we must pay enough attention to the construction quality of concrete in the construction.
First, homework preparation:
Before pouring, the garbage, dirt and other sundries in the template and the oil stain on the steel bar should be removed, and check whether the cement pad of the steel bar is properly padded. If wooden formwork is used, it should be watered to make the formwork moist, and the column formwork should be closed to clean the mouth at a high level after removing sundries.
Second, the concrete mixing:
Self-mixed concrete is used to prevent the temporary shortage of commercial concrete and mix sporadic concrete on site. Raw materials and mixture ratio should be consistent with commercial concrete.
1 The weighing standards of cement, sand and stone are fixed respectively according to the amount of various materials and the weight of vehicles determined by the mixture ratio. The water content of aggregate should be determined frequently, and the water consumption of mixture ratio should be adjusted in time to ensure the accuracy of adding water. Weigh it.
2 Loading sequence: generally, stone is loaded first, then cement is loaded, and finally sand is loaded. If admixture is needed, it should be added together with cement. Such as additives (water reducing agent, early strength agent, etc. ) When necessary, the powder should be pretreated, packed into small packaging bags (plastic bags are appropriate) according to the dosage of each plate, and added at the same time with the coarse and fine aggregates; The liquid form should be added to the mixer at the same time with water according to the dosage of each plate.
3. Mixing time: The shortest concrete mixing time shall be determined according to the requirements of construction specifications, and the mixing time shall be appropriately extended.
4 When the concrete begins to be mixed, the technical department in charge of the construction unit and the foreman shall organize relevant personnel to identify the slump and workability of the concrete, check whether it meets the requirements of the notice of mixture ratio, and then stir after adjustment.
Early curing of concrete
Practice has proved that the common cracks in concrete are mostly surface cracks with different depths, mainly due to the sudden drop of temperature in cold areas caused by temperature gradient, which is easy to form cracks. Therefore, the thermal insulation of concrete is particularly important to prevent early cracks on the surface.
From the point of view of temperature stress, thermal insulation shall meet the following requirements:
1) to prevent concrete temperature difference between inside and outside and concrete surface gradient, to prevent surface cracks.
2) In order to prevent concrete from freezing, the lowest temperature of concrete during the construction period should be not lower than the stable temperature of concrete during the service period.
3) Prevent the old concrete from supercooling, so as to reduce the constraint between new and old concrete.
(3), concrete curing
The main purpose of early curing of concrete is to maintain suitable temperature and humidity conditions, so as to achieve two effects: on the one hand, to protect concrete from unfavorable temperature and humidity deformation, and to prevent harmful cold shrinkage and dry shrinkage. On the other hand, the hydration of cement can be carried out smoothly to achieve the designed strength and crack resistance.
Theoretically, the water content of fresh concrete can completely meet the requirements of cement hydration. However, due to evaporation and other reasons, it often causes water loss, thus delaying or preventing the hydration of cement, and the surface concrete is most easily and directly affected by this adverse effect. Therefore, the first few days after concrete pouring is the key period of maintenance, and more attention should be paid in construction. Therefore, in the process of construction, we should handle these incidents carefully and deal with them according to different situations.
Attention should be paid to these problems in construction, such as what kind of cement and its dosage, and early maintenance of concrete.
By attending the joint review of drawings, I learned the main contents of the joint review of drawings.
Before the general project starts, the owner, design unit, contractor and quality supervision unit should all participate in the blue prints.the design, so as to find and solve the problems such as mistakes and contradictions in design, vague concepts in construction and possible difficulties in future construction, and avoid unnecessary losses in construction. The joint hearing should pay attention to the following points:
First, find out the defects and mistakes of the drawing itself. Review whether the drawing design conforms to the relevant national policies and regulations (architectural design, structural design, construction specifications, etc.). ); Whether the drawings and descriptions are clear and the reference standards are accurate; Whether there is any mistake or omission in the construction drawing standard; Whether the size, plane position and elevation of the general plan and the construction drawing are consistent, and whether the relationship between the plan, elevation and section is consistent; Whether the design of each professional post is coordinated.
Secondly, the feasibility of construction is combined with the characteristics of drawings to study whether the drawings can meet the requirements of drawings in terms of quality, safety, construction period, technology, material supply and even economic benefits, and suggest the design unit to make appropriate modifications when necessary.
Finally, whether the geological data are complete and can meet the requirements of the drawings; Whether the surrounding buildings or environment affect the construction of this building, etc. Whether the functional design of construction drawing meets the requirements of the construction unit, etc. , is the main content of the blue prints.the design.
Summarize drawings and other issues to prepare for joint examination, and the technical director of the project will convene relevant personnel to conduct internal preliminary examination. In order to better understand the designer's design principle, I consulted the relevant atlas, made an in-depth study of the drawings, raised many insightful questions, and had a heated discussion with the construction technicians, trying to figure out what I didn't understand. I found that the most important thing is that it doesn't conform to the atlas except the size and reinforcement of the structure, and I found that the doorway on the shear wall is also easy to make mistakes.
Internship summary: This internship made me deeply realize that reading is a way to increase knowledge and broaden my horizons, but it is also an excellent choice to improve my comprehensive quality through more practice, being in the middle of practical things, touching the pulse of society and positioning myself. I will continue to understand and appreciate what I have learned in my internship. In the future work, I will continue to apply my theoretical knowledge and practical experience to practical work, and fully display my personal value and life value. Strive to realize my ideal and bright future.