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What is the educational and scientific research computer network in China?
Introduction to China Education and Research Computer Network 1

CERNET, China Education and Scientific Research Computer Network, is a national academic computer internet invested by the state, managed by the Ministry of Education, and built, managed and operated by universities such as Tsinghua University. Mainly for educational and scientific research institutions, it is the largest public welfare Internet in China. 1996 was recognized by the State Council as one of the four national backbone networks.

CERNET is managed in four levels, namely the National Network Center; Regional network center and regional master node; Provincial education and research network; Campus network. CERNET National Network Center is located in Tsinghua University and is responsible for the operation and management of the national backbone network. Regional network centers and regional master nodes are located in Tsinghua University, Peking University, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xi Jiaotong University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Southeast University, Northeastern University and other/kloc-0 universities, and are responsible for the operation, management, planning and construction of regional networks.

CERNET provincial nodes are distributed in 38 universities in 36 cities and in all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions except Taiwan Province Province.

CERNET has 28 international and regional channels, which are connected with the United States, Canada, Britain, Germany, Japan and Hong Kong SAR, with a total bandwidth of 250Mbps. There are more than 1 1,000 educational and scientific research institutions connected to CERNET (including 800 institutions of higher learning), and there are12,000 networked hosts with more than 20 million users.

At present, CERNET has basically possessed the networking ability to connect most universities in China, completed the upgrading and expansion of CERNET's eight regional backbone networks, and built a national large-scale educational information search system.

CERNET has built 10 mirror system of information resources of major universities and famous international academic organizations in the world and 12 mirror system of information resources of key disciplines with a total capacity of 800GB, as well as a number of well-known academic websites in China.

CERNET has built a Chinese and English full-text retrieval system with a system capacity of 6.5438+0.5 million pages and a document retrieval system covering 6.5438+0.00 million documents.

CERNET is an important platform for developing modern distance education in China. In order to meet the requirements of the distance education project in the National Action Plan for Revitalizing Education Facing the 265438+20th Century, CERNET started to build its own high-speed backbone network from 1999. By the end of 2002, CERNET had built a 20,000-kilometer DWDM/SDH high-speed transmission network covering nearly 200 cities in China, with a total trunk line capacity of 40Gbps. On this basis, CERNET's high-speed backbone network was upgraded to 2.5Gpbs, and 155M CERNET's medium and high-speed regional network connected 35 key cities in China. More than 1000 colleges and universities in China have connected to CERNET, and the campus networks of more than 1000 colleges and universities have connected to CERNET at the rate of 1000 Mbps.

CERNET is the vanguard of Internet research in China, with strong technical strength. CERNET is a computer internet independently designed, built and managed by China technicians. At the same time of network construction, CERNET also pays attention to strengthening network security. From 65438 to 0999, CERNET built the first network emergency response center CCERT in China and provided services. So far, CCERT team has handled more than 2,000 network security incident reports, which effectively guaranteed the normal network operation order of CERNET and promoted the further improvement of CERNET network management level.

CERNET is also an experimental network for next generation Internet research in China. Relying on the existing network facilities and technical strength, CERNET has established a nationwide IPV6 experimental bed. 1998, CERNET formally joined the next generation IP protocol (IPv6) trial network 6BONE, and became a member of its backbone network in the same year. CERNET is the first in China to realize the interconnection with the international next-generation high-speed network INTERNET 2. At present, only CERNET users in China can access INTERNET2 directly and smoothly.

CERNET is also an important information network talent training base in China. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the national key science and technology public relations project "Research on Computer Information Network and Its Application Key Technologies" was built, CERNET researchers and other cooperative units published hundreds of relevant academic papers at home and abroad, and trained a group of professional and technical personnel.

CERNET has also supported and guaranteed a number of important national network application projects. For example, the national online enrollment system played a very good role in the enrollment of colleges and universities in 2000.

The construction of CERNET has strengthened China's information infrastructure, narrowed the gap with foreign advanced countries in the information field, and played a positive role in the construction of China's computer information network.

In order to further improve the network operation quality, improve the service quality and expand the service field, in August, 2000, the party group of the Ministry of Education approved the transformation plan of CERNET: Searle Network Co., Ltd. was established to be responsible for the operation and maintenance of CERNET backbone network, improve the network operation quality and service level, and develop network value-added services. At the same time, keep the original research system of CERNET unchanged, continue to undertake national research projects, and maintain the leading position of network technology.

2. Construction background

Since the 1980s, almost all developed countries in the world have successively established national computer networks for education and scientific research, which are interconnected to form an international academic computer network Internet covering the whole world. The emergence of this global computer information network has accelerated the speed of information transmission, provided a brand-new network computing environment for teachers, students and researchers, fundamentally changed and promoted their information exchange, resource sharing, scientific computing and scientific research cooperation, and became the most important infrastructure for education and scientific research in these countries, thus promoting the rapid development of education and scientific research in these countries. In recent two years, many developed countries have put forward the "information superhighway" plan in order to further maintain their leading position in the fields of economy and science and technology, and are putting it into practice intensively.

It is under the above circumstances that the government of China decided to establish a computer network for education and scientific research in China, which is of great significance:

Conducive to the development of education and scientific research in China. The establishment of China's educational and scientific research computer network can enable teachers, graduate students and researchers in most universities in China to study and carry out scientific research under the computer network environment of the whole country and even the whole world, greatly improve the teaching quality and scientific research level, become a fast and convenient entrance for Chinese universities to enter the world's scientific and technological fields and an important infrastructure for scientific research, and cultivate high-level talents facing the world and the future.

Is conducive to the development of China's national economy. China is currently in a special stage of developing its economy in an all-round way and establishing a perfect socialist market economic system. The climax of national economic informatization construction is coming, and computer information network projects in many countries are being planned or prepared for construction. These projects can accelerate and promote the development of China's national economy informatization, enable China to participate in worldwide information exchange and technical competition, and make the information industry an important part of China's comprehensive national strength in the next century. China's educational and scientific research computer network construction is one step ahead, which can provide an experimental environment for network experiments and network technology research and development, but commercial networks cannot carry out such experiments. They can accumulate experience, provide mature technology, train high-level network construction talents and a large number of educational and scientific researchers who can make good use of the network.

This is beneficial to the development of China's information superhighway. According to the plan and experience of developed countries in developing information superhighway network technology, it is very important to establish an experimental network of education and scientific research funded by the government. In the process of building a computer network for education and scientific research in China, we will make all kinds of technical preparations and conduct some experiments for the construction of the information superhighway in China, accumulate experience, train our team, gradually narrow the gap with developed countries, and take a more active position in the world competition of the information superhighway in the next century.