Memory psychology test paper 1
On the Application of Memory Psychology in Ideological and Political Teaching
Abstract: Memory plays a very important role in ideological and political teaching. The forms of memory are image memory, abstract memory, emotional memory and action memory. This paper mainly expounds the application of these four memory types in teaching practice and teaching reflection.
Keywords: memory; Teaching practice; Teaching reflection
Memory is very important, and all learning is also a kind of memory. If we can't keep any memories of past experiences, we will learn nothing. At the same time, our thinking depends entirely on memory to proceed smoothly. Therefore, in ideological and political teaching, I use the relevant theories of memory psychology to help students consciously improve their effective memory. Here, I want to talk about some feelings, and I hope you can criticize and advise.
Memory is the reflection of past experiences in the human brain. It includes four basic processes: memory, retention, reproduction and recall, and its forms include image memory, abstract memory, emotional memory and action memory. As long as you exercise consciously and master the laws and methods of memory in learning activities, you can improve and improve your memory.
First, the image memory type-taking the specific image of things as the main memory type.
I think multimedia-assisted teaching can give full play to its advantages. Combining hearing with vision can make use of the functions of language, vision and hearing organs at the same time, strengthen memory and improve memory efficiency.
For example, what are the trends and ways of my development in the teaching of "Looking at Problems from the Perspective of Development"? The future is bright and the road is tortuous? How is the development? Prepare for quantitative change and promote qualitative change of things? When these two boxes were filled, a short film about the development of fighter planes was made. From the appearance of fighter F-4 to the defects exposed in the struggle with MIG fighter. Later, the United States invested a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources. After numerous failures, it finally developed the F- 15 with excellent performance. Today, the United States has developed the F- 15 Raptor, which is unmatched by other fighters in terms of speed, stealth, target aiming accuracy and firepower level. It has achieved a qualitative leap in the overall performance of the fighter and reached the peak of the fighter. Through this short film, the development trend, mode and state of fighter aircraft are vividly displayed, so that students can successfully remember the relevant teaching contents.
[Teaching reflection]
1. The selection of materials should be accurate and vivid, which can accurately explain the contents of the textbook, attract students' attention and leave a deep impression on them.
2. Multimedia content should be short and diversified. After all, multimedia plays an auxiliary role in teaching and should not be too lengthy. It should serve the teaching materials and implement the teaching objectives. But in form, we can use words, pictures, animation, dubbing and other means to effectively help students mobilize various senses to remember.
Second, abstract memory type-abstract type with words, concepts and logical relationships as the main objects.
I think understanding is the most important for memorizing abstract words, articles and theories, because understanding is the basis of memorizing. Only what is understood can be firmly and permanently remembered.
For example,? Truth is objective? This knowledge point is abstract and difficult to understand, so when I broke through this teaching difficulty, I adopted it? Hierarchical anatomy? Let students understand memory. First of all, I let the students teach themselves and come to the correct conclusion? Truth is objective? Thinking and opinions. Then, I conduct hierarchical guidance: from the meaning of truth? Is it people's reflection on objective things and their laws? That is, a correct understanding; Transfer the relevant knowledge of cognition-the subject of cognition is human and the object is objective. Bridge? It is practice, so the content and test standard of understanding are objective and the form is subjective; Therefore, truth, as a correct understanding, its content and test standard are objective, then? Truth is objective? . Finally, thoughts collided-I listed several correct understandings of the moon, such as its surface, material composition and gravity, and then asked: There is only one truth, why do we have multiple correct understandings of the moon? The students' group discussion and thinking on this issue have further deepened, right? Truth is objective? Understand.
[Teaching reflection]
1. Give a prairie, give it a direction. Teachers should not exceed their authority, but should believe in students' autonomous learning ability. I think the more abstract and difficult the content is, the more students should be allowed to think independently and get self-knowledge, which is helpful to stimulate students' divergent thinking and cultivate their independent inquiry ability.
2. Explain in different levels and pay attention to the systematization of knowledge. The principle of explanation is generally from easy to difficult, step by step, and at the same time, we should pay attention to the organic connection between students' acceptance ability and old and new knowledge, which is helpful to remember on the basis of understanding.
3. Give appropriate examples, ask questions and stimulate thinking. It is in line with the logical thinking of middle school students to concretize and live abstract concepts, but we should avoid superficiality, dig out knowledge to some extent, ask questions, and promote students' thoughts in agitation.
Third, emotional memory-the attitude experience produced by whether objective things meet people's needs.
This experience is profound, spontaneous and uncontrollable. So the content of memory can be deeply and firmly preserved in the brain. Therefore, I think students should have a strong interest in learning. If students are not interested in learning materials and knowledge objects, it will be difficult to remember even if they spend more time.
For example, the course "Exercise of Power: Need Supervision" has several important knowledge points: students should know the significance of restricting and supervising government power, and the key to effectively restricting and supervising power is to establish and improve the mechanism, and at the same time understand China's administrative supervision system. Therefore, I took the case of Chen Liangyu, the former secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Committee, and Founder, the Chinese executive director of the Water Cube of the National Swimming Center, repeatedly invited Li Jinhua, director of the Fair Audit Bureau, to audit the implementation case of the Water Cube project as the introduction of the new curriculum, which greatly stimulated students' interest in exploring government power. Among them, Chen Liangyu in the trial process three? Sorry for the party, sorry for the people of Shanghai, sorry for the family? In particular, students deeply realize that power is a double-edged sword. So, I organize students to go? How can we supervise government personnel, make them worthy of the party, the people and their families for group discussion, make students realize the significance of effective supervision of government power in terms of emotion, attitude and values, and understand that the key to effective restriction and supervision of power is to establish and improve the mechanism and our administrative supervision system.
[Teaching reflection]
1. A good beginning is half the battle. Therefore, how to effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of students in the introduction of new courses is very critical.
2. In the whole teaching process, students' attention and emotional excitement are regular. Teachers should pay attention to the rhythm, make it easy, natural and smooth, and avoid fatigue teaching.
3. The citation of cases should be combined with students' growth characteristics and life practice, so as to arouse students' interest and better implement the emotions, attitudes and values of textbooks.
4. Action memory type-focusing on various types of actions, postures, habits and skills.
Action memory is the basis of cultivating various skills. Therefore, I think students should flexibly use memory methods such as debating, looking up information, compiling an outline, taking notes and cards to enhance their memory according to the situation.
For example, in the lesson "Democratic Election: Cast a Rational Vote", students should understand the positive significance of democratic election and improve their quality of participating in it. So, I conducted a class simulation of the election of deputies to the National People's Congress. Voters? Speak freely, express your thoughts and positions, and finally judge your satisfaction with the election results and election methods.
[Teaching reflection]
1. The new curriculum emphasizes the practicality and openness of curriculum implementation, which will change the simple theoretical teaching method of traditional teaching and enable students to improve their learning and development ability and cultivate their innovative ability in an open and interactive teaching method.
2. The teaching hours should be extended appropriately, and the data collection before class, classroom teaching and after-class investigation and reflection should be organically connected to form the continuity of action memory.
People's success is closely related to the four elements of IQ: attention, imagination, thinking and memory. Here I would like to share with you some thoughts about memory in the teaching process, hoping to play a role in attracting jade.
Papers on memory psychology II
A Brief Analysis of Using Psychological Knowledge to Memorize English Vocabulary Effectively
The size of vocabulary is an important sign to measure a person's English level, and it is also a key factor to restrict a person's English ability. However, the memory of English vocabulary has always been the biggest obstacle for English learners, which directly affects their learning efficiency. Therefore, finding effective ways to overcome word memory is the key to improve learning efficiency. This paper summarizes some practical and effective vocabulary memory methods from the perspective of psychology and combining the laws of human memory and forgetting.
Keywords vocabulary memory memory law forgetting law
1 Introduction
British linguist David Wilkins once said when summing up the importance of vocabulary learning: Without grammar, only limited information can be conveyed, and without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed. ? As one of the three elements of language, vocabulary is the building material of language, and no language skill can exist independently without vocabulary factors. According to the requirements of college English syllabus, after two years of English study, college students should master 4200 words. Obviously, this is an arduous task for students. Generally speaking, after students have mastered the basic knowledge of phonetics and grammar, their improvement in listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation depends largely on the expansion of their vocabulary. The size of vocabulary is an important symbol to measure a person's English level and an important factor to restrict a person's English ability, so the importance of vocabulary memory is self-evident. However, the vast number of English learners can't find an effective vocabulary memory method, and the result is often half the effort.
From the psychological point of view, the author analyzes the laws of human memory and forgetting, and puts forward the following effective methods of memorizing vocabulary.
2. 1 Review frequently
Confucius mentioned in the Analects of Confucius:? Study from time to time? ,? Review the past and learn the new? They all emphasize the important role of review in the learning process. There is no once-and-for-all memory. Even words with a solid memory will be forgotten because of the influence or interference of other factors. The most effective way to avoid forgetting is to review frequently. Review should also pay attention to strategy, that is, to allocate review. Generally speaking, to be dense before being sparse means to review the materials you have just learned more, and the interval between reviews should be shorter. With the improvement of memory consolidation, the number of reviews can be gradually reduced and the interval can be gradually increased.
2.2 timely review
Not only should we review regularly, but we should also review in time. German psychologist Ebbinghaus was the first to systematically study forgetting. The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve he drew reveals that the process of forgetting is unbalanced, and it is the law of fast first and then slow. Because forgetting is fast first and then slow, we should review vocabulary in time, and prevent forgetting quickly after learning before forgetting on a large scale. Some students also review, but the review is not timely enough, which affects the effect of memory. We should understand that some things are not a question of doing or not doing, but a question of when to do something useful.
2.3 Multiple senses participate in memory
When memorizing, what kind of sensory channel is used to input information affects the memory effect. For example, someone once did an experiment: let three groups of students remember 10 pictures of the same material, one group used visual memory, one group used auditory memory, and the third group used audio-visual memory. Results One group can recall 70%, another group can recall 60%, and the third group can recall 83.6%. This shows that visual memory is better than auditory memory, and audio-visual combination is better than visual memory. Obviously, multi-sensory channels * * * can make the same content establish multi-channel extensive contact on the cerebral cortex, which is better than single-channel memory. Therefore, when memorizing vocabulary, if the five senses of the subject can be fully mobilized to participate in memory, the memory effect will be greatly improved by combining sight, hearing, reading and writing. At the same time, in the process of memory, because of the participation of many senses, it is easier to concentrate and concentrate without interference from external things, thus ensuring the quality of memory. 2.4 Establishment of associations
There are extensive relationships between words, such as similarity in meaning, opposition, similarity in form and derivation. Can associative memory be received according to these relationships? Remember this, remember that? The efficacy of. Practice has also proved that whether you are good at using association to expand the memory range is an important reason for the difference in memory level between people. Some people can extrapolate and extrapolate; Some people don't remember anything. In the process of vocabulary memory, when encountering a new word, we can use the memory methods such as proximity association, analogy association, contrast association and classification association. , so that a word from point to surface, as far as possible to link to various forms, structures and usages related to it.
For example, when you learn the phrase having a reliable memory, you will think of its similar expression: having/tenacious/retentive/photographic/unsuccessful memory, and at the same time you will think of its opposite expression: having/unreliable/terrible/selective memory. Learning blue collar (blue collar, refers to? For manual workers? ), metaphor and white-collar (white-collar, refers to? For mental workers? Pink collar (pink collar class, refers to? Typical female professional workers? ), gray collar (gray collar class, refers to? Maintenance workers? ), golden collar (golden collar class, refers to? For senior professionals? ) and bright-collar (bright collar class, refers to? Computer and communication major? )。 When remembering the word drought, we use the method of classification and association to think of other words belonging to the same natural disaster, such as flood, hurricane, typhoon, tornado, earthquake, volcanic eruption, debris flow and so on. When I think of the word accelerator pedal, I think of other words belonging to the same automobile device, such as brake pedal, clutch pedal, dashboard, horn, ignition switch, seat belt, steering wheel, windshield, wiper, bumper and so on.
2.5 Try to recall
When using association to remember, on the one hand, it is right to emphasize? Remember? On the other hand, it also emphasizes its right? Memories Bring convenience. The so-called memory, including memory and recall, refers to the memory, storage, extraction and reproduction of knowledge. Therefore, the memory that is remembered but not remembered cannot be called real memory or complete memory, and the combination of remembering and recalling can ensure the effect and quality of memory. The experiment also shows that the effect of simply repeating reading is not as good as the effect of actively trying to recall in reading. This is because the combination of repeated reading and hard memory is an active learning process, which requires high concentration and more intense mental activity. It can promote the establishment and consolidation of temporary neural connections, and at the same time, it can check the memory situation in time, concentrate on weak links and easily deepen the impression. Experiments show that the best ratio of the two is 20% reading +80% trying to recall.
3 Conclusion
Mastering a large number of English words is the premise and foundation to improve the ability of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating. However, such a rich vocabulary, if there is no scientific theory as a guide, it is difficult to learn by rote only by the patience and perseverance of learners. The process of memorizing vocabulary is the same? Forget? The process of unremitting struggle, so it is particularly important to understand the necessary psychological knowledge, control forgetting to a minimum, and thus strengthen memory. Memorizing English words in this way is not only more, accurate and firm, but also easy to extract and confuse. When using vocabulary, you can really be handy and draw inferences from others.
References:
[1] Lu Qiaoling. Context and Vocabulary Teaching [J]. Foreign Language and Foreign Language Teaching, 200 1, (6).
[2] Meng. College English vocabulary teaching. Journal of Jilin Institute of Technology, 2008, (7).
[3] Jiang Lin et al. Psychology Tutorial. Dongying: Petroleum University Press, 2000.
[4] Xiao. English vocabulary extension analogy word formation. Journal of Hubei University of Finance and Economics, 2008, (2).
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