Quasimodo, the hero, is an abandoned child of a wandering gypsy. He was born deformed: one-eyed, hunchbacked and lame. Gypsies secretly traded him for a woman's little daughter Agnes. Claude, the vice bishop of Notre Dame, adopted quasimodo and made him a bell ringer when he became an adult. He is deaf again because he has been ringing the bell for many years. Quasimodo was loyal to his post, had great respect for the archdeacon, and was obedient.

One holiday night, the vice bishop ordered quasimodo to rob the gypsy girl Esme Halda. She was hit by the king's guards, and captain Fabi saved the girl. The next day, quasimodo was sentenced and flogged under the drum in the gray square. Quasimodo is in great pain and wants water to drink. The vice bishop saw it and slipped away, but the gypsy girl boldly sent water to the victim quasimodo. The poor bell ringer never thanked her again.

It turned out that Agnes was stolen by a tramp. She is young, beautiful and good at singing and dancing. I fell in love with Fabi, the captain of the guard, and agreed to meet him on holiday night. After learning about this, the Vice Bishop followed Fabi and hid in their tryst. When Fabi and Esme Halda confided in each other, they stabbed Fabi with a dagger and slipped away. Esme Halda, who used to be scared, was arrested. The court accused her of murdering the king's bodyguard with witchcraft and forced her to confess through torture, so she was sentenced to hang. In prison, the vice bishop repeatedly told Esme Halda that if she loved him, she would not die. But the girl was firmly in love with Fabi, and the archbishop was furious and announced the execution of the hanging. The day before the execution, Esme Halda knelt in front of Notre Dame for a confession ceremony. Suddenly, quasimodo rushed out, picked up the girl, stepped into the threshold of Notre Dame and shouted, "Holy Land!" Guards, jailers and onlookers were afraid to act, because according to the religious laws and regulations at that time, everyone in the church should be protected by God, and even if he committed a capital crime, he could not be arrested. Quasimodo hid Esme Holda in a small room in the tallest tower, gave her her own food and bedding, and kept at her door to take care of her every night. Soon, the vice bishop found the hiding place and sneaked into the room at night, trying to rape the girl, but the guarded quasimodo found it unsuccessful.

When these vagrants learned that Esme Holda had been unjustly sentenced to death, they were very angry. Armed themselves, they rushed to the court and surrounded Notre Dame. But quasimodo, who loves gypsy girls, because she is deaf, mistakenly thinks that they are coming to hunt down her enemies, leaving all kinds of building materials on the top of the church to repair houses, causing a large number of homeless casualties. King Louis Xi didn't like religious forces, but he was afraid that the people would rise up and resist, so he sent troops to suppress them.

The archbishop took the opportunity to cheat Esme Halda away, dragged her to the drum stage, and forced her to make a choice: go to the guillotine or promise to love him. The girl despised him and would rather die than surrender. The archbishop dragged her to the front of the "mouse hole", told Sister Judith to catch her and ran to call the guards herself.

Sister Judith is actually the girl's mother. After losing her little daughter, she ran around looking for small embroidered shoes, converted to religion in despair, entered a living coffin-"mouse hole" and became a nun. Esme Halda saw the little shoe and took out an identical embroidered shoe in the amulet, so mother and daughter met. The nun smashed the iron fence and hid her lost daughter 16 years in the "mouse hole". The mother and daughter were immersed in the joy of reunion. At this time, the guards and guards called by the vice bishop surrounded the "mouse hole", and maternal love gave Gudier strength and wisdom. She deceived them into believing that the gypsy girl had escaped. But when Esme Halda heard Fabi's name, she couldn't help rushing out of the window and exposing herself. So the mother and daughter were taken to the execution ground, the daughter was hanged, and the mother died miserably under the gallows.

Finally, Gasimo saw through the ugly soul of the archdeacon, pushed him down the tower and fell to his death. Then he found the body of Esme Halda and hugged him to death.

The novel exposes the cruelty and hypocrisy of religion through the despicable behavior of the vice bishop. It is the religion that binds human nature that turns his love into a terrible desire, harming others and yourself, leading to no good end for himself. These works also contrast quasimodo's inner beauty with his ugly appearance. Gypsy woman Esme Halda is the embodiment of the author's ideal. She embodies Hugo's noblest feelings and the most beautiful image.

Katyusha Maslova, the hero of the novel, was originally the adopted daughter of a noble landlord. She was seduced by her master's nephew, the noble young Duke Nekhludoff, and then abandoned. As a result, she fell into a miserable life. She was driven away by her master because she was pregnant, and she wandered around and worked as a prostitute for eight years. Later, she was framed for murder for money and was arrested and imprisoned. Ten years later, Nekhludoff appeared as a juror in Maslova's case. He recognized that the defendant was Maslova who was abandoned by him ten years ago, and he was condemned by his conscience. In order to atone for her soul, he ran around to reduce her sentence. When all efforts failed, Maslova was escorted to Siberia, and Nekhludoff went with her. On the way, there came a notice that the emperor reduced Maslova's sentence, and forced labor was changed to exile. At this time, although Maslova still loved Nekhludoff, he refused his proposal for his future and married political prisoner simonson. The experiences of these two protagonists show their spiritual and moral revival. This novel exposes those corrupt officials and touches the essence of the old law.

Resurrection is Tolstoy's late masterpiece. At this time, the writer's world outlook has changed greatly, abandoning the traditional views of the upper-class landlords and aristocrats, re-examining various social phenomena with the eyes of patriarchal peasants, and vividly depicting the real picture of Russian society through the experiences of the hero and heroine: courts that ignore human life and prisons that imprison innocent people; Resplendent churches and ragged prisoners; Poor and bankrupt countryside and luxurious Kyoto; Boundless Siberia and political prisoners in handcuffs and shackles. Tolstoy made a fierce attack on the whole state machine at that time with the most sober realistic attitude.

Second, the content brief introduction

Duke Nekhludoff is a juror in the Moscow District Court. On one occasion, he participated in the murder trial of two hotel waiters and a prostitute. Unexpectedly, Maslova, a prostitute, recognized her as Katyusha from her distinctive eyes. He had madly loved her when he was young. So ten years ago, the past appeared in front of Nekhludoff: at that time, he was a college student, living in a manor in menstruation during the summer vacation and writing a thesis. He is kind, enthusiastic, full of ideals, keen on western progressive ideas, and falls in love with menstruation's adopted daughter and handmaid Katyusha. They play and talk together, and their feelings are pure and flawless. Three years later, Nekhludoff graduated from university, joined the Guards, passed by menstruation's manor, and met Katyusha again. In the solemn atmosphere of Easter, he looked at Katyusha's slim figure in a white dress, blushing face and slightly squinting black eyes, and once again realized the joy of pure love. However, after that, secular ideas and passions prevailed. Before he left, he took Katyusha and abandoned her. Later, when I heard that she had fallen, I completely forgot her. Now, he is aware of his sin and his conscience is condemned, but he is afraid of being recognized by Maslova and making a fool of himself on the spot. He is nervous and confused. Other judges and jurors were absent-minded and made empty comments. As a result, Maslova was wrongly sentenced to four years' hard labor in Siberia. When Nekhludoff understood the consequences of his dereliction of duty and saw Maslova crying after being sentenced, he was determined to find the president's lawyer and try to remedy it. The lawyer told him that he should appeal.

Nekhludoff went to Missy's house for dinner with complicated and excited feelings. Originally, the luxurious style and elegant atmosphere here often made him feel very comfortable. But today he seems to see through everyone's essence, and feels that everything is disgusting: General Kirchagan is rude and arrogant; Big miss is eager to get married; The duchess put on airs. He made an excuse to leave early.

When he got home, he began to reflect and purify his soul, and found that he and the people around him were "shameful and disgusting". Mother's behavior before her death; His ambiguous relationship with the eldest daughter of the nobility; He opposed private ownership of land, but inherited his mother's grange. All this happened after the crime against Katyusha. He decided to change his life, and the next day he announced to the housekeeper: pack up, dismiss the servants and move out of this big house.

Nekhludoff went to the prison to visit Maslova and asked her about their children. At first, she was surprised, but she didn't want to touch the wound She simply answered a few words, took him as an available man and asked him for ten rubles of alcohol, tobacco and money to anesthetize herself. The second time Nekhludoff visited the prison, he said he would make amends and even marry her. At this time, Katyusha issued a grieving accusation: "You used me for fun in this life, and you want to use me to save yourself in the afterlife!" "Later, Nekhludoff helped this difficult friend and improved her situation. She also gave up smoking and drinking and worked hard to learn well.

Nekhludoff scattered the land and went to the upper level of Petersburg, but his appeal was still rejected. He had to immediately petition the emperor and go back to Moscow to prepare to go to Siberia with Katyusha. On the way, Katyusha was deeply influenced by the noble sentiments of political prisoners, forgave Nekhludoff, and agreed to combine with simonson who respected her and cared about her happiness. Nekhludoff also got the enlightenment from the Bible that "human beings should love each other, not hate each other".

The central figure in the first chapter is grandma. She is kind, intelligent, capable and full of love. She is an outstanding representative of thousands of Russian women in Qian Qian, and has had a great influence on my life. At the end of this chapter, I described my grandmother's portrait and personality in poetic and beautiful language, and created a radiant ordinary and great character image. The first "conversation" between my grandmother, who is over sixty, and me, who is three or four years old, was lively and interesting. Gorky, who has passed the age of no doubt, vividly described and reflected the objective reality at that time with the tone, vision, psychology and behavior of three or four-year-old children, and profoundly and accurately expressed his very mature thoughts, opinions and feelings. The language is concise and vivid, very colloquial, which is very suitable for the tone of the characters and the language environment at that time; The plot makes the finishing point and the characters are lifelike. Not only this chapter, but also the whole childhood has this remarkable feature and advantage. I wrote wonderfully at the beginning of my childhood. It can extract more than one beautiful essay. The content of this chapter can be roughly known from the title added by the translator: 1. Grandma's appearance; Second, "the father died and the younger brother was born"; Third, "father burial"; Fourth, "Scenery on the Volga River". Every chapter of childhood is composed of many such beautiful essays. Childhood can be compared to a pearl necklace, and every essay is a crystal clear pearl. For example, this chapter hides several such pearls.

The second chapter can be divided into three parts, namely three beautiful and wonderful essays. Their titles can be Brothers Fighting, Cruel Grandpa, Grandpa coming to see me in the hospital bed. The central figure in this chapter is my grandfather. The novel is about the cruelty of my grandfather beating his grandson, which is horrible and creepy. Later, he came to the hospital bed and saw the scene of "I", which made people feel that the life experience of the old man deserves sympathy. His shrewdness is admirable. Although he can't forgive his ferocity, it is understandable to some extent, especially after reading the fifth chapter. During his illness, he taught Aletha "I" to read and talk about the philosophy of life.

The third chapter is divided into four parts, namely four essays or short stories. They can also have clear titles. First, "a pair of hands that don't exchange gold." Ivan is an expert at work, and when he goes to the market to buy things, he will also save money for his grandfather who is a thief. Second, a "lively family dance" featuring Ivan and grandma; Third, Yakov's Guitar. Of course, he is also the core of dance; Fourth, "the tragic death of little Ibokan." Ivan, nicknamed "Xiaoshigang", is the central figure in this chapter and the adopted son of his grandmother. From being abandoned at birth to his tragic death, he wrote about flesh and blood, love and affection. Tzgang Jr. is a kind, hardworking and capable young man, and also my best friend in childhood. His tragic death is directly related to the selfishness and meanness of his brothers, but the root cause lies in the social ills of selfishness and meanness.

The fourth chapter focuses on grandma, her piety to God, kindness and loyalty to people, and tolerance and consideration to her husband. Write that she is smart, capable, talkative, dancing and telling fairy tales; If the order is set in a fire, deliver the baby for menstruation after the fire; She is a good housewife, the pillar of a big family and my closest friend. The description of the fire scene in the novel is very wonderful.

The fifth chapter can be divided into two parts: first, grandma and grandpa told their own suffering experiences. Both of them are orphans who lost their fathers in their early years. They all followed their mother to beg along the street, and later they all relied on intelligence, ability and hard work to stand on their own feet.

Finally * * * earned the current well-off family; Secondly, it is my grandfather who teaches me to read and tells me his own life philosophy. His curiosity about "I" was answered, and the reason was simple, vivid and clear.

The sixth chapter describes the atrocities of Mikhail, the great uncle, who led hooligans to attack and attack his grandfather's house in order to compete for property. This not only profoundly exposed the traitor's lost face and ugly behavior, but also objectively exposed the sharp contradictions of thousands of ordinary citizens' families in Qian Qian. In this "battle" between father and son in hand-to-hand combat, Aletha's "I" acted as a foot color of the fire line scout, and it was written vividly and brilliantly, which could lead to a beautiful article entitled "I watched the enemy in the street". In this "battle", the kind-hearted grandmother was injured by a brick of a drunken rebel because of "persuading the fight", resulting in a fracture.

Chapter 7 can also be divided into two parts. The first part mainly talks about two different gods, grandma and grandpa. Grandma's God is merciful, bless mankind, dominate everything and have insight into everything. Grandpa's god is overbearing, powerful, strict and cruel, and everyone is afraid. This contrast is expressed through vivid literary descriptions, and there is no conceptual preaching at all, which is very exciting and intriguing. The next part mainly wrote about the painful feelings after what I saw and heard in the street, and also mentioned the distress of staying at home. I lived and grew up in such a family and social environment. The first part is about my spiritual pillar and ideological environment, and the second part is about my daily life and social environment at home and abroad. These two aspects are objective factors that obviously affect the formation of my world outlook and outlook on life. This is obviously the main reason why the last two articles were merged into one chapter.

Chapter 8 can also be divided into two parts. The first part describes the scenes and skills of grandma telling fairy tales and the contents recorded in the beautiful and charming fairy tale Hermit and Warrior. The next part introduces my first intellectual friend, one.

I don't know the real names, but only the "outsiders" and "weirdos" nicknamed "Hao", focusing on describing their friendship. The content between the first part and the second part is linked by the scene where "weirdo" listens to grandma telling fairy tales. The novel deliberately uses subtle methods to subtly let readers understand the embarrassing relationship between "good" and grandma. "Yes" is his mantra, which literally means "a good thing". (page 93- 109)

Chapter 9 can also be divided into two parts. The first article is My Good Friend Uncle Peter. The novel attaches great importance to the influence of adult storytelling on children. The coach often tells me stories, although his storytelling skills are much better than grandma's business trips abroad. The most wonderful plot of this chapter is the friendship between "I" and three brothers. The next chapter is about the friendship between "me" and "three young gentlemen". Friends have an important influence on the formation of a person's "mental outlook" and world outlook. The novel faithfully describes my love and admiration for three young gentlemen. Grandma supported the friendship between "I" and the three brothers, but my grandfather and the father of the three brothers, Colonel Ovsininikov, forbade them to associate, and even the coachman Peter resolutely opposed it. The coachman and "I" had a quarrel over this, and this "quarrel" became the link between the first and second articles.

Chapter 10 describes my mother's sudden return home and new family conflicts. An unfortunate young woman, who lost her husband and had a young son, was headstrong and strong. After many years away from home, she returned to live with her lonely and elderly parents who raised her son with great pains, which brought about family contradictions and conflicts. Her marriage, in particular, was and still is the focus and fuse of contradictions, conflicts, quarrels and quarrels between father and daughter. The novel first describes in detail the first encounter between my mother and me, and then describes a quarrel between mother and son because of "reciting poems". Finally, it focuses on the big fight between father and daughter because of marriage problems. My grandfather was so angry that he knelt in front of his daughter and then injured his grandmother for no reason. Quarrels and quarrels have become commonplace; No matter how good, call again when you are ready. This is how a family of four spent the day!

Chapter 1 1 focuses on my mother's family life after her return. First of all, my mother's communication with some young men, although not many pens, is very vague and I don't want to talk about it; Secondly, I wrote about my cousin Sasha's truancy and escape. My cousin and I are poor orphans. He has no mother, and his stepmother treats him badly. This novel vividly and concretely describes his truancy. But the key content of this chapter is that my grandmother told me about my father's life and my parents' marriage.

Chapter 12 describes my mother's remarriage and life after remarriage, the trauma caused by this "sad event" of "me" to my own mind, and the fact that my grandfather's family has been declining, even bankrupt, moving constantly, and the housing and life have gone from bad to worse, and I almost really want to go begging on the street in the past two years. I can't accept the fact that my mother remarried in any case. It can be said that family conflicts are mainly between "me" and my mother. I also focused on going to school, especially a persuasive educator who loves children.

Chapter 13 describes that my grandfather and grandmother live separately. I make a living by inspecting rags. I and several children go to the river to steal boards and sell money. These friends lead a hard life and have friendship with each other. My mother died, and finally I had to go to the world. All these contents, at first glance, are chaotic, but they are completely in line with the logic of life itself, because they are all writing the word "poverty". The tragedy of Childhood ends with the tragic scene of mother's death.

This book is based entirely on facts and is a work full of courage. Aren't journalists in Moliere's works the same as marquis, banker, doctor and prosecutor? Why doesn't the human comedy, which takes "correcting customs in a joke" as its responsibility, touch the reporter's force? We know that the newspapers in Paris will not let anyone go. I dedicate this book to you. I hope your reputation for victory will help this book succeed.

Disillusionment is one of Balzac's representative works, which is included in the comedy scenes among other provinces. This novel is set in Paris during the Restoration Dynasty and depicts two young people from other provinces. One is Lv Xian, an ambitious and conceited young poet, who wants to enter the Parisian society by virtue of his intelligence. As a result, he has lost his reputation and returned to his hometown. One is a simple-minded industrialist David, who is immersed in scientific inventions. Unable to compete with sinister businessmen, he was forced to give up his patent and live in seclusion in the countryside. This novel shows a broad picture from other provinces to Paris after the French Revolution, depicts various most distinctive phenomena during the restoration of monarchy, and reflects how the talents of young people were destroyed, how their fantasies were destroyed, and how the palace of literature was used as a place for shameless trading and turned into a dirty hell. Balzac himself called Disillusionment "my first work" and "fully demonstrated our times".

The central content of Disillusionment is the disillusionment story of two talented and ambitious young people. Lv Xian, the hero, is a famous poet in other provinces. He came to Paris full of fantasies. As a result, under the influence of the bad atmosphere of the press in Paris, he left the serious creative path and became a shameless newspaper reporter. In the end, I lost everything in the struggle between the party and the literary world. His brother-in-law David Xia Sai is a hard-working inventor. Unable to compete with the insidious calculation of his peers, he was forced to give up the invention patent and the ideal of scientific research. The author closely links the experiences of these two young people with the mental state of a whole generation of young people and the influence of the whole social life, especially the life in Paris, making it of universal significance. In Balzac's works, Paris in the19th century was like the Sai Ren fairy in Greek mythology, attracting and destroying young people from other provinces.

It tells the story of a liar-a sixth-class civil servant begging for money to buy and sell dead souls. Chikov spent more than a week, when he came to a city, he got through the official relationship from the governor to the construction technician, and then went to the suburbs to buy the serfs who had died but did not cancel their accounts, and prepared to mortgage them to the supervision Committee as living serfs to defraud large deposits. He visited one landlord after another and bought a lot of dead souls after fierce bargaining. When he happily completed the legal transaction formalities quickly with the relationship he had opened, his evil deeds were exposed, and the prosecutor was scared to death by rumors and had to flee hastily for help.

When this book was introduced into China, Anna's personality, which dared to pursue her own happiness and declare war on the old forces, became a symbol of emancipating her mind. In fact, for Anna, I personally think that the main source of her tragedy is herself. Since she dares to be the enemy of the whole world for love, she should believe in this love that she has given everything. It can be seen that W lenski has always loved her, but she has doubts about their feelings.

"Having an affair" is a word with a strong feudal color. However, having an affair is not always a bad thing. Marriage without love is a grave in itself. An energetic person climbs out of the grave to pursue his own happiness and lead a lively life. Who can blame him or her?

Her husband's tragic experience shows Anna's living conditions. Anna didn't realize that her husband was so miserable before, because only after meeting W lenski did her spring wake up again. It is love that makes her eyes shine again. Her husband's unbearable life made her unable to endure the past life, and she urgently needed to escape from that suffocating life.