With the continuous development of society, the government's use of electronic information technology has gradually increased, which has also aroused widespread concern from all walks of life, such as government leaders and IT circles.
Industry and the public. In recent years, the development of e-government is in full swing, but it also causes various problems in the process of development, which seriously hinders the development of e-government. Therefore, how to solve these existing problems and promote the development of e-government has gradually become the focus of academic scholars.
First, the concept, characteristics and development status of e-government
(A) the concept of e-government
In short, e-government is to make government affairs electronic and informative. By using certain modern information technology, the government's workflow and organizational structure are optimized and reorganized, so that the government's management and service functions can be realized on the network. E-government and informatization have broken the limitation of time and space, and more importantly, they can provide more comprehensive, better and more standardized management and services for the public. This is a brand-new mode of government operation.
(B) the characteristics of e-government
E-government is different from the traditional administrative mode, and it is a brand-new government operation mode. Generally speaking, the characteristics of e-government mainly have the following points: First, e-government has realized the paperless work of government affairs, that is, the emergence of e-government has changed the traditional way of administrative work in the past, and all processes can be completed through modern information technology. Secondly, information transmission is networked, that is, information exchange between government departments and between government departments and the public can be completed through independent websites established by the government, which breaks the restrictions of time, space and region. Further reduce communication barriers between government departments and between the government and the public.
Finally, e-government has realized the electrothermal virtualization of administrative legal relationship. For the government itself, e-government not only strengthens its information service function, but also realizes the disclosure of government information. The government itself can also obtain resources and information through the Internet. It is of great significance to promote the further realization of government management and service functions.
(iii) Development status
E-government in China began in 1980s.
In 1980s, the development of e-government in western countries started much later. The fundamental reason is that the development of information technology in China is relatively backward compared with western countries, and the level of informatization is low.
The development of regional e-government in China is unbalanced. The uneven development of different regions is mainly influenced by the economic development level of different regions. At present, the development of e-government in China is based on the relationship between the "push" of the central government and the "pull" of demand, so at first e-government was established by some industry management departments. In recent years, the development of e-government in China is in full swing and has achieved initial results, mainly in the following aspects:
First of all, a number of projects represented by the "Three Gold Projects" have made important breakthroughs.
Sanjin project refers to Jinqiao, Jinguan and Jinka projects, which is a plan implemented by the Chinese government to establish the information superhighway. Taking Jinqiao Project as an example, Jinqiao Project is the basic construction of national economic informatization and the integrated structure of Skynet and Ground Network. Skynet is a satellite network, and the ground network is an optical fiber network. Skynet and ground network are interconnected, complementary and backup to each other. The establishment of Jinqiao Project not only created good conditions for the construction of electronic information market, but also made the sharing of economic and social information resources a reality, further promoted the development of electronic information technology in China and laid a solid foundation for the development of electronic information industry in China.
Secondly, the construction of network projects in various places has begun to take shape. At the same time, major breakthroughs have been made in many projects represented by the "Three Gold Projects". At the same time, government departments all over the country have started the construction of online projects, built special websites and homepages belonging to the government on the Internet, disclosed government information to the public through websites and homepages, provided relevant information and information services, and gradually realized electronic and open government affairs. Some local government departments have been able to provide online services, which is a major breakthrough in the development of e-government.
In 2006
The release of the National E-government Overall Framework in 2000 pushed China's e-government construction to a new stage, and the development of e-government in important areas of China immediately entered a transitional stage, that is, from the stage of covering government affairs to the stage of building a service-oriented government with comprehensive integration and support of government affairs. From the network point of view, the investment of e-government extranet and the connection of central transmission backbone network have promoted the interconnection of horizontal and vertical e-government in China to some extent. From the application point of view, the special websites and webpages built by government departments at all levels provide one-stop services to the outside world, which is not only conducive to the communication and interaction between government departments at all levels and the public, but also further promotes the realization of network management and service functions of the government to a certain extent. The government information system built by government departments at all levels covers all fields, which is more conducive to government departments to perform service functions such as market supervision, social management, economic regulation and public services. In addition, in terms of information security, in recent years, relevant government departments have also increased the construction of e-government security system, not only issued relevant technical standards and norms for classified protection of information systems, but also gradually improved and perfected the information security of e-government.
Second, China's e-government development problems
(A) uneven development of regional e-government.
The unbalanced development of e-government in different regions is mainly affected by the economic development level of each region. Generally speaking, the development speed of e-government at the central and provincial levels is relatively fast, and the development speed of e-government below the county level is relatively slow. The development of government informatization to the "last mile" still needs more efforts. In addition, there is an obvious gap in the development of e-government between economically developed areas and less developed areas. The author believes that in order to promote the all-round development of e-government in China, we should pay attention to the basic strategic planning of core data and key business levels in the development planning of e-government.
(b) Insufficient investment in infrastructure.
The investment in infrastructure construction is directly related to the level of the national e-government readiness index. According to the data report of Internet Network Information Center, as of 20 14 12.30, the number of netizens in China has reached.
649 million, and the Internet penetration rate is 47.9%. Among them, mobile travel booking leads mobile business applications with an annual user growth rate of 194.6%, ranking 78th in the world.
A little. Although China Internet has made some achievements in the overall environment, the popularization of Internet applications and the development of hot industries. However, compared with western developed countries, these achievements still have a lot of room for improvement.
(C) low level of standardization and standardization
Standardization and standardization are the solid foundation for governments at all levels to enjoy information and resources in e-government. In 2005, China formulated e-government standard system and e-government standardization guide, in 2009.
E-government Law (expert's suggestion draft) was promulgated in 2006, which provided valuable guidance for the construction and development of e-government in China from different directions such as network construction, project management, information sharing, information security and supporting technology. The establishment of the new method shows that the relevant departments of our government are constantly establishing and improving the legislative system and standardization system of e-government. But on the whole, the degree of standardization and standardization of e-government in China is not enough, and it needs to be further refined to make e-government more operable.
(D) heavy construction, light application
In the process of e-government construction, software investment is weak, which is lower than the overall investment.
30%. Too much pursuit of high performance in hardware configuration is inconsistent with its actual needs, resulting in a waste of resources. The utilization rate of network resources is insufficient, and the current utilization rate of network resources is lower than.
5%. Most governments at all levels emphasize the handling of internal affairs and self-service, and their ability to make decisions and serve the public is relatively low.
(E) planning is not unified, resources can not be * * *, there is an "information island."
In the process of e-government construction, many local government departments have not formulated clear development goals and plans. In the process of construction, there is also a lack of unified planning and technical standards as a guide, and the networks built between regions and government departments cannot share resources and form "information islands". Government departments at all levels choose different enterprises, technologies, equipment, operating systems, database formats and application software, which makes it difficult for government departments to share information. It is understood that at present, all levels of government departments in China have mastered the database.
3000, 80% of which belong to social resources, but only 30% of the resources in these databases held by government departments at all levels can be enjoyed, which seriously slows down the pace of e-government development in China.
Third, to promote the development of China's e-government countermeasures
(A) to establish and improve the e-government management system
To establish and improve the management system, we can make a unified plan for the construction objectives and standardization system of e-government in China on the basis of drawing lessons from foreign advanced experience, and government departments at all levels should implement specific projects in strict accordance with the plans and standards. In the process of e-government construction, we should take the overall interests of the government as the center and strengthen the leadership of informatization work in various departments. A sound management system is a solid foundation for realizing the interests of individuals and groups. Governments at all levels should strengthen departmental coordination, actively mobilize the enthusiasm of various departments, and promote the construction of e-government management systems.
(2) Strengthen the construction of e-government infrastructure and widely apply e-government.
The unbalanced development of e-government is closely related to regional economic development, but the fundamental reason is that the government's investment in e-government infrastructure is weak. Therefore, the author believes that in order to make e-government have a good development prospect in China, governments at all levels should first increase investment in e-government infrastructure and improve the popularity of the Internet in China. In addition, in the process of e-government construction, governments at all levels should reasonably choose hardware facilities, increase investment in software, make full use of network resources, and give full play to government decision-making and social public service functions.
(3) Actively integrate resources.
The phenomenon of "information island" has hindered the development of e-government in China. In order to eliminate this drawback, the author thinks that all government departments should actively integrate resources, including the integration of government management structure, electronic technology means and products, and e-government framework. By integrating resources and improving the enjoyment of e-government resources, e-government will maximize its social and economic benefits. In the process of resource integration, government departments need to supervise and cooperate with each other to jointly promote the development of e-government.
(4) Strengthen the training of professional talents and build a scientific and efficient government team.
Professionals are indispensable for the government to further develop e-government. As shown in the previous analysis, at present, the lack of professional talents leads to the state that government e-government is always not recognized by the masses. The main reason is that e-government is developing too fast and the training of related talents is seriously lagging behind. In view of this situation, government departments should increase professional training for e-government practitioners and carry out targeted education on computer and network knowledge. Make its relevant professional knowledge excellent, train new knowledge in real time, keep up with the pace of social development, and make e-government services meet the needs of the masses. Non-e-government employees should also increase the popularization education of basic knowledge of e-government, break the traditional office mode, and let most government personnel respond to the current social demand for e-government to a certain extent.
E-government is different from the traditional administrative mode, and it is a brand-new government operation mode. After the author's research, the author believes that to promote the development of e-government in China, we must first establish and improve the e-government management system, and then strengthen the infrastructure and application of e-government and strengthen the application of e-government. In order to make the cooperation between government departments at all levels smoother and make maximum use of social resources, governments at all levels should also actively integrate resources. In addition, talent is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of various industries, so it is necessary to strengthen the training of professional talents and build a scientific and efficient government team to make e-government develop healthily and orderly.