First, the status quo and existing problems of pension in China
1. There is a gap in the average monthly pension for different payment methods.
(1) The payment groups of endowment insurance for urban employees are mainly government agencies, institutions and enterprise employees, with high payment cost and long payment period.
(2) Urban and rural residents' pension insurance payment groups are mainly urban unemployed and rural farmers, with low payment cost and short payment period.
From the perspective of the unity of pensions for retirees in China, the average monthly pension for urban workers' pension insurance retirees is about 3,000 yuan, and that for urban and rural residents' pension insurance retirees is about 170 yuan. Pension insurance for employees and retirees is higher than that for urban and rural residents.
2. Different retirement status, the pension gap is still obvious.
(1) The overall pension of civil servants and retirees from government agencies and institutions is the highest, with an average monthly pension of around 4,500-5,500 yuan.
(2) Secondly, the average monthly pension of retirees from large enterprises and local state-owned enterprises is about 3,000 ~ 4,500 yuan.
(3) Third, the average monthly pension for private enterprises and retirees with sensitive employment is about1500 ~ 3,000 yuan.
Although the pension gap between government institutions and enterprise retirees has eased after the integration of pensions, with the addition of occupational annuities as supplementary old-age insurance, the gap still exists in practice. For example, the pensions of many civil servants and retirees of government agencies and institutions can reach more than 5,000 yuan, and the pensions of many department-level or above (or equivalent positions) can reach more than 10000 yuan. The first-line workers in ordinary enterprises have a retirement pension of only about 2,000 yuan.
3. There is a big gap in pensions in different regions. Because pension is related to individual payment base, payment period, retirement age and unified salary in the previous year. Other things being equal, the higher the average wage, the higher the pension.
Relatively speaking, the average wage in economically prosperous areas such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen is relatively high; In some less affluent third-and fourth-tier cities, the average wage is lower. For example, the average monthly pension for enterprise retirees in Beijing and Shanghai is around 4,000 yuan; The average monthly pension for enterprise retirees in ordinary third-and fourth-tier cities is about 2,000 yuan.
4. Delayed retirement has a great influence on laid-off workers and sensitive employees who pay social security. On the one hand, delaying retirement means extending the payment period, and the pressure of social security payment is high; On the other hand, delaying retirement means delaying retirement age, and laid-off workers and sensitive employees lack confidence in their life expectancy.
Laid-off workers and sensitive employees, as social vulnerable groups, have few economic sources and great pressure on their lives. Due to economic pressure, many people pay the most social security fees 15 years, so that some people have given up paying social security fees.
Second, the pension, how to rise properly?
1. We should increase it fairly and gradually narrow the pension gap.
(1) For retirees with different retirement status, it is necessary to establish a "low-key, high-key, low-key" growth mechanism, which is linked to the degree of pension collection. At present, Beijing is taking this form. In the process of pension adjustment in Beijing in 2020, according to the monthly basic pension level of retirees before the end of 20 19, the per capita disposable income of residents in Beijing in 20 19 is divided into two grades, and the 30 yuan will be increased every month for those above 5,646 yuan, and the 65 yuan will be increased every month for those below 5,646 yuan.
(2) For retirees in different regions, the national pension plan will be gradually completed. By the end of 2020, China will basically complete the overall planning at the provincial level, and adopt the unified salary of the whole province as the calculation and payment base to ensure the diversion of pension calculation and payment within the province. In the future, it is necessary to further promote the pace of national overall planning of pensions, and strive to make the calculation base of retirees across the country tend to be different, so as to fundamentally achieve the goal of fair calculation methods.
2. To rise reasonably, pay more for a long time, pay more and get more.
For retirees with different payment methods, encourage overpayment and long-term payment. Whoever pays more social security fees and has paid for a long period of time deserves a high pension.
3. Coordinate sustainability, improve the payment ability of social security funds, and play a good guarantee role.
The growth rate of pension should be linked to economic added value, price level, wage income level, household consumption level and other factors, and a long-term sustainable growth mechanism should be gradually established to improve the payment ability of social security funds and play a role in ensuring the lives of retirees.
4. Pay attention to vulnerable groups and senior retirees.
Laid-off workers and sensitive workers, as social vulnerable groups, have had a hard time paying social security fees in 15 years. If retirement is delayed, it will undoubtedly add insult to injury to them. Therefore, these people should be fully considered when formulating the policy of delayed retirement.
The subsidies for senior retirees are mixed. In some areas, subsidies have been given since the age of 80, and in some areas, subsidies have been given since the age of 70. Some regions subsidize 5~ 10 yuan, and some regions subsidize 45~50 yuan. The amount of subsidy varies with the age of subsidy. For senior retirees, the biggest problem is to see a doctor. It is impossible to cope with meager subsidies. In terms of pension adjustment for senior retirees in demanding countries, it will be tilted.
Write at the end:
1. At present, the pension gap of retirees in different payment methods, different retirement status and different regions in China is very obvious. We should adopt a low-income and high-income approach to ensure that those with low pay can appropriately increase the basic pension.
2. In the next 10~20 years, the population aging will become more and more serious. With the retirement of post-50s, post-60s and post-70s, the number of retirees has surged, and the pressure on social security funds has doubled, which requires the support of the state finance to cope with the sustainability of pensions.
3. About sensitive workers and laid-off workers, as well as senior retirees, we should give full consideration when formulating the pension policy and provide certain policy inclination!