At present, there is no direct legal provision against the crime of writing and forwarding papers in China, so it is impossible to carry out criminal regulation in real life. In view of the current situation, the article points out that the behavior of buying and selling papers by paper intermediaries should not be convicted of illegal business. It is also difficult to apply the crime of copyright infringement to the act of writing and distributing papers on behalf of the paper intermediary; The crime of contract fraud or fraud can only be applied if the paper intermediary fails to fulfill its promise after collecting the relevant fees; Moreover, the crime of cheating in organizing exams cannot be applied to the behavior of organizing buying and selling, writing and distributing papers on behalf of others.

1. The methods for identifying gang fraud crimes are as follows:

1. Among the * * * accomplices before committing fraud, the person who first proposes intent is usually the principal, and the person who agrees is usually an accessory. However, this standard is not immutable, but only echoes in the stage of criminal conspiracy, and the criminals who play a major role in the implementation of specific criminal acts are also principals, but they do not constitute accomplices.

2. Among the * * * accomplices before fraud, the person who plans and directs criminal activities is usually the principal offender, and the person who passively accepts the task and obeys the command is usually an accessory.

3. Many people commit fraud, whose actions belong to the same crime, and those who participate in the same crime for the first time or are less than other criminals, and those who only participate in part of the same crime are usually accomplices.

Two, the crime of fraud mainly has the following four elements:

1, the object element is the ownership of public and private property;

2. The objective requirement is to make others fall into a wrong understanding by fraudulent means, and then make the behavior of disposing of property;

3. The main requirement is a natural person who has reached the legal age of criminal responsibility and has the ability of criminal responsibility;

4. Subjective elements are the purpose of illegal possession of other people's property, which is manifested as direct intention.

Legal basis: People's Republic of China (PRC) Criminal Law.

Article 266 Whoever defrauds public or private property in a relatively large amount shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance, and shall also or solely be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years, and shall also be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years or life imprisonment, and shall also be fined or confiscated. Where there are other provisions in this Law, such provisions shall prevail.

Article 192 Whoever illegally raises funds by fraudulent means for the purpose of illegal possession shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years; if the amount is huge or there are other serious circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than seven years or life imprisonment and shall also be fined or confiscated.

If a unit commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph, it shall be fined, and the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.