In all fields, everyone has dealt with papers. The process of writing a thesis is a process in which people gain direct experience. Do you know how to write a good paper? The following is my essay on western economics, hoping to help you.

Abstract: Western economics is a professional basic course of financial management major in colleges and universities, which has strong theory and practice. It is difficult for freshmen to learn this course well. Combined with personal teaching practice, some thoughts are put forward.

Keywords: western economics; Teaching methods; Teaching effect; think

First, the nature of Western economics

Western economics, as one of the core courses for undergraduates majoring in finance and management, is the earliest professional basic course for students to enter universities. Divided into microeconomics and macroeconomics. Compared with the high school curriculum, it is a major turning point for students to learn knowledge and learning methods. It is highly theoretical and professional. Faced with freshmen who have never been exposed to economic theory and a large number of economic models, students generally have fear and resistance. So how to teach this course well, how to improve students' interest in learning and improve teaching effect have become problems that teachers must seriously study and discuss.

Because western economics is characterized by being theoretical, abstract and practical, its theories are all formed on the basis of certain assumptions. For example, ordinal utility theorists use indifference curve analysis method to examine consumer behavior and give three hypotheses about consumer preferences. The research methods of western economics are all based on abstract mathematical models to analyze economic phenomena, and it is very common to apply mathematical analysis tools to economic topics. The theories of western economics in consumer behavior, production theory, resource allocation, resource utilization, employment and unemployment, money supply, fiscal policy and monetary policy provide certain reference for social and economic life. In view of the special course characteristics of western economics, many students find it difficult to learn western economics. Therefore, in order to improve students' interest in learning, students must be required to correct their attitudes, change their roles, change from indoctrination teaching in high school to autonomous learning, and cultivate students' interest in exploring, thinking and learning economics.

Second, the characteristics of students in guizhou minzu university

The author has been engaged in the teaching of western economics for a long time and served as the head teacher for four years. After contact with students, I found that students in our college generally have the following characteristics when studying western economics:

1. Weak mathematical foundation. Students in guizhou minzu university Business School generally have a weak foundation in mathematics. Because the western economic analysis method is the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and the combination of empirical analysis and normative analysis, students are required to have a certain mathematical foundation when studying. Economic and financial courses in our college are generally offered in the next semester, and other majors are offered in the second semester. However, students only studied advanced mathematics when they were freshmen, and they were not exposed to probability statistics. Students' mathematical foundation is uneven, which leads to their general reluctance to make qualitative analysis. When they see the need for relevant mathematical knowledge, they are psychologically afraid.

2. Perceptual knowledge is more than rational knowledge. The students in our college are very interested in the anecdotes about economists in the courses taught by teachers, but they are very confused when it comes to graphs, tables, function formula derivation and so on. The empirical analysis method in economic analysis needs to use mathematical ideas, and there are relatively many reasonable components.

3. Students are not active in learning, and most of them are in a passive state. According to the author's teaching experience, the author will put forward the requirements of learning in three steps in the first class: preview before class, listen to lectures during class and exercise after class. However, in the later teaching, many students did not follow the requirements and were very passive in learning. Most students who didn't preview didn't understand it in class. Because western economics is a systematic course, the theory is very coherent, which will eventually form a vicious circle, and they will not understand it after one semester. Some people understand it temporarily, but they don't really understand it, and they will soon forget it; Some people seem to understand, but if they don't do the problem and think, there will be a phenomenon of "eye-catching".

Third, thinking about improving the teaching effect.

In view of the above characteristics of students in our college, the author believes that to improve students' interest in learning western economics and improve teaching effect, we should start from the following aspects:

1. Clear positioning and clear goals. Before entering the course, students should understand that the goal of studying western economics is to cultivate talents in combination with social needs, that is, what kind of talents and knowledge structure ability the society needs. First of all, students are required to have a solid basic skills, a clear grasp of the theoretical system and a prominent focus. Western economics has become a compulsory subject for postgraduate entrance examination in many schools, so it is no problem for students to reach postgraduate entrance examination after studying. To meet this requirement, we must preview before class, review and think after class according to the teacher's ideas. Cultivate students' strict logical thinking ability and strong comprehensive quality ability, and think, analyze and solve problems with economic thinking mode. The first class should fully explain to students what western economics is, why they should learn western economics and how to learn microeconomics well. The goal of this course is to make students have a correct attitude in thought and attract enough attention. Judging from the author's teaching practice in recent years, students can basically realize the importance of western economics after the first class, and also say that it is difficult to learn this course well, but they are confident to learn western economics well as long as they work hard enough.

2. Master the method, get twice the result with half the effort. The author has been engaged in teaching western economics for many years and has more contact with students. Students generally reflect that western economics is theoretical, with many charts and models, and it is abstract and boring to learn. Teachers should master the methods of teaching courses and students should master the methods of learning process in order to achieve twice the result with half the effort.

First of all, teachers' teaching has changed the previous "indoctrination" teaching mode-teachers lecture, students attend classes, make more use of modern teaching methods, adopt the mode of key content teachers explaining, students discussing and digesting, and integrating theory with practice, and explain economic theory with novel and life-oriented cases to help students better understand the theory, make students become the main body of learning and tap their potential. For example, the "cobweb model" can be explained by examples of farmers' production to help students better understand.

Secondly, we can make full use of multimedia teaching. In addition to displaying PPT with multimedia, we should also give students video teaching, introduce mainstream economics websites to students, learn more about hot economic issues, and let them take the initiative to browse and learn, broaden their horizons and enhance their interest in learning. There are not many opportunities for students in our college to have direct contact with economists. In addition to inviting experts to give lectures and make reports, teachers should also take the initiative to contact and obtain relevant information through the Internet. Teachers should properly guide students in class instead of blindly talking about the contents in books.

Thirdly, many knowledge points of western economics are similar. In the teaching process, these knowledge points can be explained in series to help students review the past and gain new knowledge. Because our school is two, the student foundation is slightly worse than some first-class universities in China, especially the mathematics foundation. Some students are a little slow to understand the problem, so teachers need to be more patient and take pains to explain it to students, especially some closely related knowledge points. For example, why the indifference curve and the equal output curve are inclined to the lower right and convex to the origin, income budget line and equal cost line. Students can better understand the knowledge points through comparative analysis.

Finally, students are required to do more exercises after class to consolidate the learning effect. Because of the strong theoretical system of western economics, the close connection of knowledge points and more charts, it needs a certain mathematical foundation, and the relevant mathematical knowledge points should be reviewed more, so that mathematical knowledge can be well applied to economics and economic problems can be solved by mathematical theory, such as first-order reciprocal and marginal analysis methods. Therefore, students must be required to listen carefully in class and do more exercises after class. Teachers should arrange more exercises after each chapter to help students deepen their understanding and cultivate their economic thinking ability.

In addition, the change of examination method is also very important. Examination is a means to measure the effect of teachers' teaching and students' learning. Scientific assessment methods can help teachers find problems in time and sum up experience. Judging from the author's teaching practice, students in our college are "cramming for the Buddha's feet" to a great extent. They usually don't pay attention to class, and when the teacher draws the key points at the end of the term, he writes down the teacher's key points one by one to ensure that they can pass, which has become a magic weapon for students to take exams. Therefore, in order to break the dependence of students, we should adopt a combination of various evaluation methods and combine the usual grades with the examination results. First of all, in the first class, the teacher must clearly tell the students that they will never draw the key points after class, and the key points will be in the usual class content; Secondly, the examination questions are diversified. In addition to regular exercises, there should be open discussion and analysis of problems, so that students can use economic thinking to analyze and solve problems. Finally, the author thinks that the proportion of ordinary grades should be increased to urge students to take the initiative to study at ordinary times and change the "cramming" assault learning method.

Fourth, summary.

Western economics is a theoretical, abstract and difficult subject to understand and master. To improve the teaching effect, teachers and students need to pay attention to it ideologically and have a correct attitude. Teachers should master teaching methods according to students' own characteristics and teach students in accordance with their aptitude. Students should master learning methods, and the combination of teachers and students can get twice the result with half the effort.

References:

[1] Zhang Zhijuan. On the teaching methods of microeconomics [J]. Contemporary Economy, 20 12, (2).

[2] Lu Hui. Three thoughts on the teaching of western economics [J]. Cultural exchange of science and education, 2008, (1).

[3] Wang Bin, Zheng,. Practice of microeconomics teaching reform of management major in industrial colleges-taking civil aviation university of china as an example [J]. Forum on Higher Education, 20 1 1, (3).

[4] Zhang Yan. Reflections on the Teaching of Western Economics [J]. Management and Technology of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: Last issue, 201,(12).

Papers on western economics ii. Selection and compilation of economic cases

1. Economic cases should be close to life.

Many textbooks often take tea and coffee as examples when they talk about substitution. This is true in most parts of China, but China has a vast territory and different living habits. In some places, such as Guangdong, drinking tea has become a part of their lives, and coffee can't be replaced at all, especially for people who like to drink Kung Fu tea. Similar examples are cannons and butter. Although this case can reflect the principle of scarce resources allocation, butter seems to be a little far away from China students. For ordinary consumers, the two are neither a substitute nor a supplement. This shows that the choice of economic cases should proceed from the reality of life as far as possible.

2. The case should be closely combined with the theory.

The teaching purpose of western economics is to make students master the basic theories and principles of western economics through teaching activities, and use these basic theories and principles to analyze and solve practical economic problems. In the final analysis, case teaching is an auxiliary teaching method based on theoretical teaching and serves theoretical teaching. Therefore, the selected cases must reflect the typical characteristics and general laws of economic principles, and reveal the internal relations of cases and the relevant characteristics of economic principles.

3. The sources of economic cases should be diversified.

The source of economic cases should first be rich and colorful economic real life, especially hot economic issues. Because such cases can guide students out of the ivory tower, pay attention to real life and greatly cultivate students' interest in economics. As we all know, interest is the best teacher When we successfully attract students with vivid economic life, let them pay attention to economic life, and even let them form the habit of watching news broadcasts regularly, observing the economy for half an hour, and caring about the national economic life, we can say that our economic teaching task has been half completed!

Second, the classroom organization of economics case teaching

1. Correctly handle the relationship between teachers and students.

Modern educational theory holds that teachers play a leading role in teaching and students are the main body of teaching. Case teaching is to fully mobilize students' enthusiasm with vivid cases under the guidance of teachers, so that students can truly become the main body of learning. In case teaching, teachers either show cases in class or arrange for students to read relevant materials before class. Then guide the students to think and discuss and get their own opinions. Case discussion is the central link of case teaching, and teachers should create opportunities for students to go to the front desk and show their views. Teachers turn from the foreground to the background, and give full play to the guiding role of teachers. In the process of discussion, teachers should organize and guide students to discuss and communicate with existing knowledge and experience, find problems and differences, and try to let students solve them themselves. If students can't solve it by themselves, they should choose a suitable time to answer. In the process of students' discussion, teachers should not only grasp the discussion rhythm and control the teaching progress, but also pay attention to each student's performance, constantly inspire and induce students to use their brains, especially encourage students to think independently and form unique opinions. Only in this way can we give full play to students' main role, arouse students' learning enthusiasm, stimulate students' interest in learning and improve students' ability in the process of case analysis.

2. Correctly handle the relationship between theoretical teaching and case teaching.

As an independent discipline, economics has a complete and rigorous theoretical system. The main task of classroom teaching is to show these theories to students, while case teaching is to explain or supplement these theories through vivid and sensible examples. Obviously, the relationship between theory teaching and case teaching is primary and secondary, and case teaching should serve theory teaching. This is because, on the one hand, economics has a unique scientific and rigorous nature, and the strict theoretical deduction process in theoretical teaching is an important means to cultivate students' logical thinking ability in economics. It is in this seemingly boring training process that students learn the mathematical description and strict logical deduction of economic phenomena, master a series of economic paradigms and try to understand the complex economic world with these paradigms, forming a unique ability to analyze, judge, summarize and predict the real economic world; On the other hand, the concepts, formulas, theorems and axioms learned in classroom teaching are the basis of case analysis. Obviously, without the explanation of concepts and theories, it is difficult for students to establish a complete theoretical structure, which is bound to be scattered and unsystematic knowledge points. Therefore, fully explaining the basic theory is the basis for students to learn economics well. Economics can't be case-based like MBA teaching. On the contrary, in economics teaching, case teaching can only be used as an auxiliary means of theoretical teaching to help students better understand abstract and boring theoretical knowledge.

3. Cases should serve classroom teaching.

Although vivid cases can explain the theory in a simple way and achieve twice the result with half the effort, case teaching cannot replace teachers' classroom teaching. In classroom teaching, teachers should use cases closely to meet the needs of classroom teaching, not just to arouse students' interest and become a tool for grandstanding. In the classroom, when using cases, we must grasp the degree. To this end, teachers must do: first, we must clarify the role of cases in classroom teaching. The case in classroom theory teaching can be the annotation and extension of theory, the concrete application of theory, and the expansion and promotion of students' thinking. Only when teachers understand the role of cases can they use them properly. Secondly, the difficulty of citing cases should be controlled according to students' knowledge level and social experience. In order to make it easier for students to understand the case, it is best to explain the background of the case to students, and at the same time, the citation of the case should be as complete and concise as possible, and it can neither be chosen at will according to personal likes and dislikes, nor taken out of context. Finally, in order to make the case play a better role, the case should have a distinct theme, and design some questions according to the needs of the teaching content to inspire students' thinking.

A Brief Talk on Abstracts of Western Economics Papers 3;

With the proposal of China's real estate tax reform plan and the pilot situation in Shanghai and Chongqing, the development of real estate economy will surely usher in new challenges and opportunities. Business administration plays an extremely important role in regulating the development of real estate economy and balancing the internal competition in the industry. This paper makes a simple analysis of the characteristics of business administration, analyzes the internal relationship between real estate economy and business administration, and probes into the promotion of business administration to real estate economy, with a view to playing a certain reference role for related work.

Keywords: business administration; Real estate economy; Internal connection; Promotion effect

The development of real estate economy is directly related to the overall economic development of the country, which is not only the embodiment of the national macro policy, but also the external representation of the market environment. Industrial and commercial management is the supervision and restraint of all walks of life, and the inspection and regulation of various behaviors in the industry through express provisions. For the real estate industry, strengthening the rationality and legitimacy of its industry behavior through enterprise management plays an extremely important role in maintaining the sustainable development of the real estate economy and ensuring the market order.

First, the characteristics of enterprise management analysis

Industrial and commercial administration belongs to government functional departments in nature, but it has some differences with conventional functional departments. The core work of industrial and commercial administration is to supervise and manage all walks of life according to relevant national laws and regulations, so as to ensure the scientific and rational development of all walks of life. Through the definition of industrial and commercial administration, it is not difficult to see that it only supervises and manages economic activities, and has no power to directly intervene in economic activities. Therefore, it can be said that business administration is the framework of the market economy, and the market economy can only ensure the benign and healthy development within the scope of business administration. Once it goes beyond the scope of industrial and commercial management, it may lead to some behaviors that violate market laws, laws and regulations, and ultimately have a greater impact on the development of the market economy. From the practical work, enterprise management has high flexibility. According to different economies or different industries, the industrial and commercial administration departments can take different measures to carry out related work. However, in this high degree of flexibility, some core contents remain unchanged, such as China's economic policies and relevant laws and regulations. Only by taking China's economic policies, laws and regulations as the unchangeable core and building a flexible and diverse business management model can we achieve the best work results. The scope of industrial and commercial administration is large, which not only covers all walks of life, but also can be divided into tangible supervision and intangible supervision in management form. Entity supervision refers to the relevant work carried out by the industrial and commercial departments through established guidelines and procedures. Invisible supervision mainly relies on market access, market competition and market transactions to supervise the economic activities of various industries, thus realizing the stable development of market economy.

Second, the inherent relationship between the real estate economy and enterprise management

(A) the real estate economy is an important part of business administration.

With the prosperity and development of the market economy, the real estate economy has also shown a strong growth momentum. Especially after the overall improvement of China's economic level, the demand of ordinary residents for housing is increasing, which directly stimulates the great progress of China's real estate industry. However, under the background of the rapid development of the real estate industry, there are also many problems, especially after the rapid expansion of the real estate scale, the lack of corresponding supervision systems and measures has led to some chaos in the real estate industry. Therefore, the real estate economy, as an important part of business administration, has played a positive role in promoting the development of business administration, and is also an important foundation for the continuous progress of business administration.

(B) The real estate economy and enterprise management can complement each other.

The rapid, healthy and stable development of the real estate economy is inseparable from the regulatory constraints of industrial and commercial management. Similarly, the progress and development of business administration can not be separated from the support of real estate economy. As an important part of the market economy, the real estate economy plays the role of a weather vane. Through the development of real estate economy, we can make a basic forecast for the development of other industries. Business administration is an important means to ensure the benign development of market economy, that is, the continuous development and progress of business administration can promote the development of real estate economy, which in turn can promote the progress of business administration. Therefore, the real estate economy and business administration have complementary and mutual assistance functions, and they are highly consistent to some extent.

(3) Industrial and commercial management of real estate economic development.

There are many related factors in the development of real estate economy, such as market demand, industry competition, the development of related industries and enterprise management. Among these factors, market demand and industry competition are directly related to the real estate economy, while business administration is an external stimulus, and these two factors play different roles at different levels. Although there are some defects in business administration itself, it can not fully supervise the development of real estate economy, but it can still promote the development of real estate economy through existing systems and policies. Especially after the American real estate bubble, China should strengthen the regulatory role of business administration in the development of real estate economy to help the development of real estate economy.

Thirdly, analyze the role of business administration in promoting the development of real estate economy.

(1) Promote a more standardized and reasonable real estate market.

In the process of development, the real estate market shows many unreasonable industry phenomena, which has formed many constraints on the development of the real estate economy. Based on this, these unreasonable phenomena can be effectively reduced by strengthening the supervision of the industrial and commercial management departments on the real estate industry. For example, land acquisition is an important link in the planning and layout of real estate enterprises, and it is also the most competitive link. However, in some places, real estate enterprises have some black-box operations or some unfair competition behaviors in land acquisition, which has brought unhealthy trends to the whole real estate market and disrupted the healthy and orderly real estate market. Therefore, through the powerful role of industrial and commercial management, we should supervise the economic activities of real estate enterprises according to various rules and regulations and severely crack down on unreasonable operations, so as to gradually standardize and improve the real estate market and promote the benign development of the real estate economy.

(B) to maintain the order of real estate economic development

During the development of the real estate market, some unreasonable phenomena appeared, which broke the original orderly economic development situation. In addition, the impact of the financial crisis on China has further expanded the problem that the orderly situation of economic development has been broken, leading to the chaotic development of the real estate economy in China. Chaos will aggravate unfair competition, damage consumers' interests, reduce the economic benefits of real estate enterprises and weaken the development prospects of related industries. Therefore, on the basis of national macro-control policies, ensuring that these policies are implemented in the development of real estate economy through industrial and commercial management has played a very positive role in restoring and maintaining the order of real estate economic development. Moreover, through the strong normative role of industrial and commercial management, some risk factors in the real estate industry can be minimized to ensure the orderly development of the real estate economy.

(3) Effective risk prevention and control

Risk prevention and control is a key issue that must be paid attention to in the development of enterprises and even the whole industry, but how to comprehensively improve risk prevention and control needs further study. For the development of real estate economy, there are many target factors for risk prevention and control, and various rules and regulations will have an impact on real estate economy. Risk prevention and control is not only the business of enterprises, but also the key work of enterprise management, because it is the responsibility of enterprise management to ensure the safe and healthy development of enterprises. As far as business management is concerned, its risk prevention and control work mainly starts from the level of supervision and management, finds out the risk factors exposed in the process of real estate economic development, puts forward corresponding risk response measures in time, or orders enterprises to rectify the aspects with risk factors.

(D) to ensure the interests of consumers

The significance of business administration lies not only in maintaining the economic development of the industry, but also in ensuring the interests of consumers. As far as the development of real estate economy is concerned, the events that consumers' interests are damaged frequently appear, and related news is reported in all kinds of news. In the real estate industry, the most common problem that consumers encounter is the quality of housing. Compared with real estate enterprises, consumers are vulnerable groups, and it is difficult to be treated objectively and fairly when their interests are violated. Therefore, it can protect consumers' interests to a great extent by cracking down on behaviors that infringe on consumers' interests in the development of real estate economy through business administration.

(5) Guide the development direction of real estate economy.

To some extent, business administration is a reflection of the national policy system, which can reflect the trend of the country's future economic development plan. Moreover, business administration is a concrete means of national macro-control, which can promote the development of real estate economy from the outside. Under the increasingly fierce competition in the real estate market, guiding its future development direction through enterprise management plays a positive role in the development of real estate economy.

Four. conclusion

The real estate economy is developing faster and faster. In the context of the continuous expansion of the real estate market, the role of business administration has gradually become prominent. Strengthening the related work of industrial and commercial management in the real estate economy can play a positive role in promoting the development of the real estate economy and play an important role in market order, risk prevention and control, and consumer interests.

References:

[1] Tong Ling, Ming Weiju. Discussion on the role of business administration in promoting economic development [J]. Modern Commerce, 20 14(09).

[2] Li Guorui. Study on the Promotion of Business Administration to Economic Development [J]. Commercial Economy, 20 14(08).

[3] Zeng Meiying. Discussion on the Role of Business Administration in Promoting Economic Development [J]. Oriental Corporate Culture, 20 14( 10).

[4] Tao Lianhui, Miao Bokai. On the role of business administration in promoting economic development [J]. Journal of Chifeng University (Natural Science Edition), 20 14( 19).

;