1. Natural terrain: According to the contour topographic map, the terrain is flat and open. Climate: What is the climate from the topic? The conclusion is that the precipitation is moderate and the temperature is moderate. River: From the map, it faces the river. ① Traffic function: the intersection, intersection, estuary of rivers and the starting point or end point of river transportation, with convenient transportation; ② Water supply function: close to rivers, with sufficient or abundant water resources. 2. Socio-economic factors Natural resources: Interpret whether a certain place in the map exists or is close to some natural resources. Transportation: It is convenient to judge whether a place in the map is close to the intersection of railways, highways or expressways, ports or docks, and various modes of transportation. Agricultural foundation: The local agricultural foundation is strong. Other factors: ① whether it is a political, religious or military center; ② Whether it is a tourism and technology center (new factor). (2) Micro-layout within the city: The distribution of various functional areas within the city is mainly influenced by economic and environmental factors, such as traffic, land rent (determined by the distance and accessibility to the city center), river flow direction (topography) and wind direction. , forming the urban regional structure with the central business district as the core (other influencing factors are history, society and administration, etc.). Generally speaking, the city center is the central business district, where transportation is convenient and people gather. The rest of the business districts are located on both sides of the main traffic lines or street intersections, and some big cities will have several sub-centers; Residential areas are distributed around the central business district, and there is obvious differentiation: high-rise residential areas are often located on the outer edge of cities with high terrain, superior wind and beautiful environment, close to cultural areas, and low-rise residential areas are often connected with industrial areas; Industrial zones are generally located at the outer edge of urban areas, along traffic trunk lines, and wind direction and river flow direction need to be considered, but high-tech industrial zones without pollution can be considered to be close to higher education parks.
Other common location factors are as follows:
Agricultural site selection:
① Natural factors (light, heat, water and soil): abundant sunshine, sufficient heat, sufficient irrigation water and fertile soil (acid red soil is suitable for planting tea trees; Beets are salt-tolerant) and the terrain is flat.
② Socio-economic factors: science and technology (mechanization, improved varieties, water conservancy, electrification), market (population, eating habits), transportation (commodity agriculture, export-oriented agriculture), labor (quantity and quality), industry (mechanization, pesticides, fertilizers, etc. ) and policies.
Industrial site selection:
Raw materials (agricultural products processing, steel), energy (non-ferrous metal industry), science and technology (especially technology-intensive industries), labor (quantity and quality), market (hinterland), transportation, agricultural economic base (providing food and raw materials), environment (wind direction, rivers), funds, policies, natural factors (flat terrain, abundant water resources, etc. )
City location selection:
Topography (plains and tropical areas are distributed in the plateau), climate (mid-latitude areas with moderate precipitation and temperature) and rivers (water supply and transportation functions) are mostly distributed in the starting and ending points of river transportation, river intersections, river estuaries and downstream rivers; Resources (mostly resource-based cities, such as Panzhihua, Baotou and Anshan; Daqing, Yumen, Karamay, Aberdeen; Birmingham, Manchester, Pittsburgh, Datong, Fushun, Kailuan; Johannesburg); Transportation (along the coast, along the river, along the railway trunk line and along the expressway) Most cities in northern China are located at the intersection of expressways (such as Handan); The south is mostly located at the confluence of rivers (such as Wuhan, Chongqing and Yibin); Railway hubs (such as Shijiazhuang, Zhengzhou, Bengbu, Baoji and Zhuzhou); Politics, military affairs and religion (political centers: Athens, Rome, Xi 'an, Luoyang, Hangzhou, Hefei, Brasilia, Washington, Canberra and Islamabad; Religion: Mecca, Medina, Vatican, Lhasa); Technology and Tourism (Tsukuba, Silicon Valley; Guilin, Zhangjiajie)
Traffic location factors:
1. natural factors: topography and geology: ① plain: less restrictions, less land occupation, and properly handle the relationship with farmland water conservancy construction and urban development. ② Mountainous area: try to build along contour lines and avoid areas with complicated topography and geology (tunnels avoid faults, zigzag bends on steep slopes or dig tunnels). Hydrology: avoid swamps, try to avoid crossing rivers, and reduce the total length, investment and construction of bridges. Climate: Pay attention to the intensity and frequency of rainstorm and gale, the depth of frozen soil and snow, the aperture size of bridge and culvert and the height of subgrade should be designed according to the local rainstorm intensity. 2. Economic factors (1) Reasonable traffic layout to promote economic development along the route. (2) The basic trend of national railways and highways is mainly direct, and important economic points along the route are properly taken care of. When passing through the city, they should pass through the edge of the city (to reduce the impact on urban traffic). (3) Provincial highways and other local highways mainly meet local economic development and residents' needs, and can pass through local residential areas, stations, docks, etc. 3. Social factors ① Consolidate national defense, strengthen national unity and promote economic development in ethnic minority areas or old revolutionary base areas. ② Promote the development of resources and promote the economic development along the route. Border railways, highways and expressways can promote the development of foreign trade.
References:
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