As an image medium, film can express its meaning only through pictures, music, gestures and even a smile, so as to achieve its purpose of communication across countries, nationalities and languages. The following is what I collected for you. Welcome to read the reference!

1 About the material of the movie Rashomon

First of all, the process of cinematography

Shinobu Hashimoto's plays were originally called "Men and Women". According to the adaptation of three episodes of Jungle, Kurosawa thought the content was too short after seeing this script, and suggested that Shinobu Hashimoto further process it to make it longer. Hashimoto tried to merge Rashomon and Jungle and added the plot of Rashomon in Jungle, but the adaptation was not very smooth. Finally, Kurosawa wrote.

Second, Xiechuan Ryunosuke's Jungle

According to the explanation in the Japanese Dictionary Guangci Garden, the word "in the jungle" comes from Akutagawa Ryunosuke's novel of the same name, which means that the contents of the parties' speeches are contradictory and it is difficult to distinguish between true and false. This work is widely known for its short and pithy content and bizarre story, and many people in Japan have studied this novel. This paper takes the film Rashomon as the object of investigation, and only briefly summarizes the necessary parts of the jungle.

The novel is based on a murder case in troubled times at the end of Heian before Kirby, with the testimony of seven people as the main form.

Woodcutter's testimony: while logging on a mountain near Shanke, I found the body of a soldier whose chest was stabbed. Taidao and Ma didn't see it.

Monk's testimony: The deceased met on the way to Shanke yesterday, with a horse in his hand, a sword and a bow and arrow in his hand. It's pathetic.

Fang Mian's testimony: The man I caught is a very famous robber. When he was arrested, he was on the stone bridge with a knife, a bow and a horse beside him. It must be the killer. Duoxiang pill is very lewd.

Old woman's testimony: The deceased is Wu Hong, the husband of my daughter Zhensha. She went to Wakayama today and was very worried about her.

Confessions of Duoxiang Pill: I killed that man. I don't know where that woman has gone. I was attracted by the beauty of the woman on horseback. I designed to take her husband to the jungle and tie him to a tree, which led me to marry a woman. After that, I want a woman to be my wife, untie my husband and fight. That man is very powerful. He fought me for 23 rounds before he was knocked down. However, by this time, the woman had disappeared.

Confessions of a woman who went to Kiyomizu Temple: Being * * *, she ran to find her tied husband and saw his contemptuous cold eyes. At this time, I wanted them both to die, and my husband also said "kill me", so I stabbed my husband in the chest with a short knife. But I tried my best not to die.

The robber begged his wife to be his wife after her death through the mouth of the necromancer. The wife said, "In that case, please kill my husband." When the robber heard her words, he was shocked and kicked her to the ground. My wife ran away. After the robbers walked out of the jungle, I killed myself with a knife and someone pulled it out.

Here, the testimony of woodcutter, monk, Fang Mian and old woman is the background of the last three testimonies. The core of Jungle is the contradictory testimony of Duoxiang Pill, Zhensha and Wu Hong. At least two or all of them are lying. Generally, in court, the contradictory contents of testimony are for self-defense to avoid guilt. However, this is not the case here. Duo Xiangwan said that she killed the samurai, her wife said that she killed her husband, and her husband said that she committed suicide with the help of a psychic. Yoshida Seiichi [3] believes: "The theme of this work, the truth of life, or the subtlety of events, is difficult to achieve only from part of the content. Fukuda [4] thinks: "I think the theme of Jungle is ... fact or truth, which is difficult for a third party to explain clearly. "The academic circles think that Fukuda's viewpoint is representative, and the theme of the novel is" The truth of the matter is not understood by a third party ". On the other hand, Nozaburo Miyashima's Jungle focuses on the "psychological shock" after his wife was robbed from the perspective of "female chastity", and it is the writing motivation of this novel to carefully observe the intricate mixture of "chastity view and * * *". In addition, Nakamura Hikaru's husband [6] discusses the sex and thinks that the most important theme of this work is that women who are forced to be aroused by other men. In any case, the above viewpoints have important reference value for understanding the film Rashomon.

Third, the material of the film.

As we all know, the material of the novel "Jungle" is a reference to the wife of "The Story of the Past and the Present" (volume 29), "Making Bad Things in Our Dynasty". `らるる? The content of Z[7].

"The man who took his wife to Danbo was tied to a tree when he wanted to exchange knives with people he met on the road. His wife was * * * by a robber in front of him. Men didn't rob women's clothes or kill their husbands. The husband and wife escaped on horseback and continued to complete their journey. " After the robbers left, the wife didn't say "I can't live any longer", but blamed the husband who was in a daze for being "too useless".

Fang Mian's Bird Mountain Thief and Kiyomizu Temple, which are confessed by women, are also quoted from the story of ancient and modern times? What's a thief in the mountain in Part B? Kurosawa's Rashomon is also a short story written by Ryunosuke Akutagawa, and it is also an article based on past and present stories. _ city？ Tの Are you up yet? Did the baby say he fell on the porch? たる stealing people? According to Z, the story of the past and present is roughly "a shooter came to Beijing to steal." He boarded the gate of Los Angeles and saw an old woman pulling a young woman's hair in the dim light. The man asked, and the old woman replied that she could make a wig when she pulled out her hair. The man tore off the old woman's clothes, grabbed her hair and left. There are as many unburied bodies abandoned on the second floor of Luocheng Gate as mountains. " It vividly describes the miserable scene and the decadence of people's hearts in the last years of Ping 'an. Ryunosuke Akutagawa explains the background of the novel and describes a servant who has just been fired. There is no other way but to steal. He climbed to the second floor and saw the old woman who pulled out her hair. Suddenly, the servant felt "disgusted" and ran over to ask the old woman. The old woman replied that the woman bought a snake as dried fish before she died, or she would starve to death. The servant listened to the old woman's words and had the courage to do bad things. He grabbed the old woman's clothes and left. Rashomon in the rain is even more desolate. After listening to the story, the servants' mood changed suddenly, and if they didn't do bad things, they would starve to death, grabbing clothes and leaving were absorbed into Kurosawa's films. The above is the material of the film content, and the material of the style comes from the moonlit road [8]. This work consists of the testimony of three people around a murder case, and the structure of the testimony statement in the work is very similar to that in The Jungle.

Son's testimony: My son, who is studying at L University, was suddenly called home and learned of his mother's death. The father who suspected his mother of adultery went home on a business trip one day in advance. When he bypassed the yard, he saw a man sneaking out of the house. When my father was about to walk to my mother's dark bedroom, he tripped over a heavy thing. That's my mother's strangled body. I don't know who the intruder is. One night a few months later, father and son were about to go home when the moonlight shone on their way home. When they reached the door, my father suddenly stopped in fear. Shouted, "What's that? Look, look, "but the son saw nothing. Since then, the son has never seen his father again, and his father has disappeared.

The husband lost his memory for a long time and changed his name to the last confession of a wandering father: one night, he was wandering in the yard and saw a man coming out of the house. My heart was full of murder, and I chased it, but the figure disappeared. Even now, I sometimes doubt that it is not a person. I lost my mind because of jealousy and anger. Staring at my wife's bedroom door, I ran to the second floor. I didn't see my wife's shadow by the bed. I think she may be downstairs. When I was ready to go back downstairs, I saw my wife in a dark corner of the room. When she was not looking, she tightened her wife's neck and strangled her. Only this incident stayed in memento mori, and it kept appearing in my mind over and over again. But now I can't see or hear anything. ..... and a dream, I stood in the shade of the moonlight. A white thing will glow. It was a murdered wife. Look at me seriously. Not reproachful eyes, not hateful eyes, not threatening eyes. This is to confirm that it is mine. I trembled with fear and ran away. I'm still scared, and I've been suffering from atonement.

The victim's wife's testimony through the mouth of a psychic: I suddenly felt inexplicable danger approaching that night. I'm awake. My husband was not at home that night. I was lying in bed trembling with fear and heard the sound of knocking. It was the footsteps of unconfidence and hesitation. I felt the evil spirit approaching me, and my fear reached its limit. I didn't die in fear. The person close to me changed direction and came back. When I was trembling to open the door for help, the man approached me again, and the footsteps were as loud as if to knock down the house. I squatted in the corner of the room and prayed, trying to call the names of my lover and husband. I heard the door of the room open and I lost consciousness. When I woke up, I found that my throat was tightly strangled, I was strangled, and my tongue seemed to fly out of my teeth, so I came to the world of the dead. ..... Anyway, I want to tell my husband and son my deep love and infinite regret. One night, I wandered aimlessly and sadly in the white light and silence, and suddenly met them. The husband shouted in surprise, and the son wanted to comfort him. I approached them with ecstasy, but my husband's frightened face turned very pale and fled to the forest.

This work by Bierce was published in 1893, and The Jungle by Ryunosuke Akutagawa was published in 1922. Bierce's introduction began at this time. Ryunosuke Akutagawa was the first person to introduce Bierce to Japan. In his essay Dim Sum published by 192 1, he said, "Bierce is a writer with personality, and there are few writers with such keen skills in short stories. ... he likes to describe ... the supernatural world without affectation. His complete works * * * have twelve volumes, which people who only want to read short stories can read in their lives. Can such things be? Two volumes are crowded. No Japanese translation has been found yet. " It can be speculated that the testimony of the deceased in the novel Jungle, which was finally borrowed from a psychic, should come from the conception of Bierce's works.

Abstract: Through the investigation of the filmization process and the analysis of Ryunosuke Akutagawa's Jungle, it is found that the material of the film Rashomon includes Ambrose besides the well-known Rashomon and Jungle. Gwyn Knight? Beals' road to moonlight. Moonlight Road provides inspiration and reference for Akutagawa's conception of jungle.

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