Introduction: The quality problem of civil engineering is the main reason that affects the building quality. I sorted out the problems and countermeasures in civil engineering. Welcome to read!

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With the increasing height and width of buildings, the quality and safety of civil engineering has become the focus of attention in the construction industry. Quality is the life of architecture and the focus of social attention. With the rapid development of science and technology and economy today, the quality of construction projects is related to the national economic development, social stability and people's lives and property safety. Therefore, it is particularly important to improve the construction quality of building projects. This paper discusses some views on how to solve common problems, matters needing attention and countermeasures in civil engineering construction.

The construction quality of civil engineering is high. Improving the combination of people, things and land in the construction site and reducing or eliminating ineffective labor in the construction site can reduce the consumption of building materials and save money and increase income for construction enterprises. Strengthening construction site management and improving contract performance rate can establish enterprise reputation and ensure enterprise benefits. Construction site management is a comprehensive reflection of the management level of construction enterprises and the foundation of the whole construction enterprise management.

1 problems in civil engineering

1. After the site of some construction enterprises is leveled, water accumulates locally or in a large area in the construction site. The main reasons are as follows: ① When the site is leveled, especially when the excavated and filled area is large or deep, the compaction density of the filled soil is poor, or the soil quality of the filled soil does not meet the requirements. Some even use silt, frozen soil and expansive soil as backfill when leveling the site, which will cause uneven settlement and water accumulation in low-lying areas. ② Improper drainage measures, no drainage ditch around the site, unreasonable drainage slope and no intercepting ditch around the low-lying construction site. (3) The surveyors did not pay enough attention to the site leveling process, and the measurement error was large, or there was a measurement error, resulting in different site elevations and water accumulation in the site.

2. During or after the excavation, the earthwork of the slope collapses or collapses locally or in a large area. The main reasons are as follows: ① Deep excavation of foundation pit (trench), when crossing different soil, different slopes were not put according to the soil characteristics, resulting in instability of individual soil slopes and landslides. (2) When excavating a foundation pit (groove) in an area with high groundwater level, the measures for lowering the depth of drainage are improper. When there is more surface water, the bulk density of slope soil increases, the cohesion decreases, the sliding force increases, and landslides occur. (3) The soft soil and improper excavation sequence and methods caused landslides. (4) The landslide is caused by unreasonable earthwork stacking position.

3, masonry group build by laying bricks or stones method confusion, straight seam and? Double skin? Brick columns are built by core-cladding method, and the inner and outer bricks do not bite each other, forming circumferential joints, which reduces the strength and integrity of masonry; The width of vertical joints in masonry is uneven, which affects the appearance. The main reasons are as follows: ① The operators of masonry construction do not have the level of bricklaying and are not suitable for this job. (2) There is no planning or uncertainty about the masonry assembly form, or there is a specification, but in fact there is no necessary technical disclosure for the construction operators, and the operators ignore the assembly form, which leads to theoretical straight joints and? Double skin? Phenomenon. (3) building

Brick columns need a lot of hexagonal bricks and a lot of man-hours. In order to save trouble, operators often don't play six bricks, but use the core-spun method. (4) In the same unit project, bricks from several brick factories are used, which leads to different specifications and sizes of bricks, resulting in accumulated deviation and often changing the assembly form. (5) not strictly according to the number of skin pole masonry.

4, underground waterproof engineering embedded parts leakage. There is water leakage around the embedded parts, or near the embedded parts. The main reasons are as follows: ① It is difficult to pour concrete around embedded parts, especially where embedded parts are dense, and the vibration is not dense. (2) The corrosion layer on the surface of the embedded iron piece is not carefully removed, so that the embedded iron piece cannot be closely combined with the concrete. (3) The connection of concealed pipes is not strict or slotted pipes are used. Water seeps into the pipeline and flows out of it. (4) In the process of construction or use, the embedded parts become loose due to vibration, resulting in cracks with concrete.

5. Cracks in civil engineering. As the first common fault in civil engineering, crack is a common problem in the pouring process of reinforced concrete structures. Cracks are mainly divided into wall cracks and ground cracks. The most common and serious wall cracks are penetrating cracks. The main reasons are as follows: ① Different building materials are prone to cracks when the temperature suddenly rises or falls due to different linear expansion coefficients; (2) The splayed joint of the lower window mouth and the horizontal joint of the wall between windows are mainly caused by the change of masonry section and stress; (3) For the concrete building structure, due to the horizontal thrust generated by the temperature difference, the integral cast-in-place roof will produce horizontal joints under the roof; (4) Uneven settlement of civil engineering foundation will also produce inclined cracks. The causes of ground cracks are: ① the thickness of floor slab is insufficient and the spacing between steel bars is too large in design; (2) In civil engineering, the residential area increases, the stress around the slab is complicated, and the steel bar arrangement at the slab corner is unreasonable; (3) The direct reasons include the weather influence of construction, the quality of concrete, the strength of formwork support, the time of formwork removal and concrete curing, the complexity of steel protective layer and floor pipe, etc.

2 to solve the problems existing in civil engineering

Improve the function and performance of materials through scientific research, so as to improve the physical properties and service life of materials; Secondly, advanced design concept, mature construction technology and craft, scientific and effective management methods and means are all produced through scientific research. All incoming materials must be inspected and reinspected according to regulations to prevent unqualified materials from flowing in. When necessary, the material production process can be spot-checked. Construction technology is the key, and construction is the process of product molding and quality formation. It can be said that common quality defects are revealed through construction. Therefore, in order to prevent common quality defects, it is necessary to focus on controlling the construction process and construction technology.

1, quality control of roof leakage

In civil engineering, the preliminary design of the roof should be done well to ensure that the waterproof design is in place. In the drawing design stage of civil engineering, designers should conscientiously implement the technical specifications of roof engineering, give full play to the performance and design principles of various waterproof materials, so as to adapt to the characteristics and needs of structural engineering design and ensure that the roof structure has sufficient rigidity, strength and durability. According to the grade, scale, functional structure and climatic and environmental conditions of the building, the waterproof scheme is carefully formulated and the waterproof materials are selected. In the roof joints, cast-in-place slab construction joints and other parts with large deformation at the grass-roots level, a buffer layer is laid.

2. Quality control of external wall leakage

Strengthen the control of brick wall masonry process. The density and saturation of mortar should be strictly controlled in the process of wall construction; The reserved height of bevel brick at the bottom of beam should be adjusted, and the holes left during construction should be closed. Construction and control of building joints. Pay attention to the drainage slope of brick wall and concrete wallboard at the windowsill, and handle the detailed structure of drip line. Seams between window sills and window frames, and seams between door window frames and surrounding walls should be embedded tightly; The junction of window frame materials and its surroundings should be glued in place, whether the window has water blocking design, and whether the lower body wall of the window sill is blocked strictly. After the completion of the external wall construction, the water spraying test must be done well. External wall brick is the key part of leakage. After paving, it must be checked with pressurized water, and the scaffold can only be removed if there is no problem.

3. Quality control of cracks

For the temperature cracks at the junction of different materials, we should pay strict attention to the position, specification, quantity and length of Rachel reinforcement, whether the design of Ma Yacha is correct, and the inspection of cleaning up the residual slurry in Ma Yacha before pouring the constructional column. If there are any problems, it is suggested that the construction party take technical measures such as adding steel wire mesh or linen sheets around to paint; Due to the change of masonry section and stress, the splayed joint of the lower window opening and the horizontal joint of the window wall can be built with cement mortar within 50cm below the window opening, or two batches of Gallas reinforcement, and the lower corner of the top hole is painted with steel wire mesh. For the oblique cracks between the external wall and the internal longitudinal wall caused by temperature difference, measures can be taken to set Rachel bars every 50cm in the longitudinal wall, and Rachel bars are laid with cement mortar, so as to control no concealed pipes in the longitudinal wall as far as possible; For the horizontal thrust caused by the temperature difference of the integral cast-in-place roof, horizontal joints are produced under the roof. When painting, steel mesh or linen can be set at the joint of beam and wall to prevent cracking, and different heat conductive materials can be painted on the top wall and beam surface. For oblique cracks caused by uneven settlement of foundation, the bearing capacity of civil foundation should be mainly controlled, and the stress of foundation on different compressible media should be avoided as 30cm as possible. For the foundation with the same medium, the gravel layer with geotextile can be used to improve the overall stiffness of the foundation.

3 Conclusion

The quality and safety of civil engineering has become the focus of attention in the construction industry. Some quality problems in civil engineering are the main reasons that affect the building quality. In addition to the design and selection of materials and equipment, they are also related to the quality of construction and installation to a great extent. Therefore, for all construction departments, the prevention and treatment of common quality defects in civil engineering is an urgent problem to be solved.

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