It is said that the academic hall has compiled the matters needing attention and writing steps of the master's thesis:

The preface of 1. 1 should summarize, summarize and analyze the work of others, and also discuss one's own views.

The master thesis of 1.2 should use charts, tables, formulas and data as much as possible to express the meaning and explain the principle and scheme, which will help readers understand the content.

1.3 When commenting on other people's research work, the paper must be objective to avoid causing controversy. Especially when it comes to its shortcomings, we must be cautious. When you are uncertain, don't comment casually by feeling or impression.

1.4 The documents listed in the references should be marked in the paper as far as possible. On the one hand, it respects the achievements of others, on the other hand, it can also show that the author has read a wealth of literature and well-founded theories. Some references may be quoted indirectly, so it is not necessary to mark them. Pay attention to references and try to choose the latest published articles and works. Some graduate students don't pay attention to this problem, and many of the references they choose are articles and works decades ago. With the rapid development of science and technology, we should always master and understand the latest knowledge. Many scientists are used to reading references first when reading papers. If the references are too old, it means that the author's knowledge is not up-to-date, and it may be doubted whether the research content of the paper is novel. Therefore, the references reflect the author's knowledge to a certain extent, and attention should be paid to the writing of references in master's thesis.

Generally speaking, 1.5 has no special requirements for the innovation of master's thesis, but it always has its own characteristics. That is, a problem in production or research is solved by using ready-made methods, principles and technologies, and it is also considered to have practical characteristics. The author should try his best to convey the characteristics or innovations of research work to readers. Some graduate students list a lot of features and innovations in order to show the importance of their papers, regardless of whether they are features or innovations, while others are not at all. In fact, as a master's thesis, as long as the topic has certain significance and workload, the author can complete it independently, without mistakes and characteristics, and meets the basic requirements. It is quite good to have two or three innovations or characteristics. Therefore, the author should not deliberately look for so many features and innovations, even if there is a real innovation, the key is that the author must find out the real features and innovations.

1.6 master's degree thesis is generally controlled at 30,000 ~ 50,000 words, which is not easy to be too long or too short. After writing the text, you should also write the following six aspects:

(1) summary. It is necessary to summarize the essence of the paper in very concise language, not simply condense the full text, let alone do it in a few words. As the "window" of the newspaper, we must take it seriously and choose words carefully. It is best to write it after the full text is completed, so that it can be summarized more accurately. At present, most foreign language abstracts are sloppy, and the foreign language level is problematic, but it is mainly not serious. It is best not to directly translate Chinese abstracts when writing foreign abstracts, because Chinese and foreign languages have different writing habits, and literal translation is often ineffective, so we should get rid of the shackles of Chinese and write directly in foreign languages. The space can be a little longer.

(2) keywords. Choose words or phrases that reflect the main features of this article. Phrases should be concise and common, and they are established, not made up. Don't use too many phrases, generally 3~4 are appropriate.

(3) Introduction. The content of the introduction is to provide the research background of this paper, including the significance, history and present situation of the research, and lead to the writing purpose of this paper. Generally 1000 words or so.

(4) comments. Labeling should be accurate, unified and standardized. When quoting, you must check the original text, especially the classic works. If there is a new version, the old version cannot be referenced. The format should be unified according to the standards of the Press and Publication Administration.

(5) References. The nonstandard bibliography is also a common problem. It should be noted that only the literature you have read can be listed, not the literature you have not read; Only documents related to this article can be listed, and irrelevant documents cannot be listed; The arrangement of literature catalogue must be classified, and the reference system of classification can be determined by itself. Bibliography is also a "window" to judge the quality of a student's thesis.

(6) Postscript. This is also an essential part of the paper. It is necessary to explain the writing process of my thesis, and it is reasonable to express my gratitude to those who have supported and helped me with my writing, especially my teaching teacher and thesis advisor. However, we must pay attention to our own discretion. Too much praise is unnecessary, and it is not appropriate to write something unimportant.

1.7 The writing process of a paper generally goes through several stages: outline, first draft and final draft. Even students with writing experience often have to carefully revise and read their manuscripts in order to write a high-quality paper. Papers must be approved by the tutor before printing. When writing, you should be careful not to be tight and loose, and retreat in a hurry. Generally speaking, a qualified dissertation should have three kinds of consciousness in content, namely, theoretical consciousness, realistic consciousness and historical consciousness. In other words, it is necessary to have theoretical depth, historical basis and answer questions raised by reality. Logically, it should be holistic, standardized and simple. In other words, the system should be rigorous, the expression should be standardized, including proofreading in the printing process of a book, and it should be meticulous; Articles should be unpretentious, don't grandstanding, and don't deliberately make things that people can't understand.

About defense

Defense is a necessary link for graduate students to complete their thesis and strive for a degree. It is also a collective review and evaluation of dissertations by experts and scholars in this discipline in the form of organization. Not only whether the dissertation is qualified, but also the theoretical level reached by students in this field. In the process of defense, graduate students should carefully prepare their own speech outline. We should sort out the ideas of the essence of the paper, especially the creative part, highlight the key points, and don't cover everything. Learn the contents of the speech by heart, and don't read the manuscript when you speak. The manuscript can only be used as a "memo" when you speak. Students should carefully record the questions raised by teachers. The questions that need to be answered are generally several questions designated by the chairman of the defense Committee. Sometimes it is necessary to sum up and answer several main questions. Answer questions in the defense: grasp the time, make a long story short, be few and precise, complete your speech within the specified time, and avoid lengthy and anticlimactic remarks; Don't digress, answer irrelevant questions; Be modest and avoid being strong and ignorant. Be careful when writing a paper.

Style of study and habits

First, learning is expensive. Perseverance is perseverance, and it is a manifestation of perseverance. On the road of learning, there are two possibilities: giving up halfway and success. On this issue, we should remember a passage of Confucius: "If it is a mountain, I will stop until it is finished;" For example, on the flat ground, although there is coverage, I will go. "In other words, failure and success depend entirely on the perseverance and perseverance of scholars. We should carry forward the spirit of perseverance and persevere.

Second, learning is expensive and single-minded. The so-called "single-minded" contains two meanings, one is that you must concentrate on your studies, and the other is that you must pay attention to specialization in your studies. Dong Zhongshu once put forward a famous assertion: "You can't see twice with your eyes, listen twice with your ears, and do two things with one hand. Draw a square with one hand and a circle with the other. " In other words, both learning and doing things need concentration, so should doing scientific research.

Third, study is more expensive than diligence. That is to say, we should have a correct learning attitude and be diligent. On this issue, we should remember a sentence in Han Yu's "One Solution to Learning": "Industry is good at diligence, but pleasure is poor; Everything I have done is thought and destruction. " In other words, as a student, whether entering Germany or studying, we should be strict with ourselves, be diligent and eager to learn, and strive for perfection. These ideas are still valuable today.

In short, if you form good habits and establish a good style of study, you can write high-quality dissertations.

4. Revision and finalization of documents

After the first draft of the text is written, it should be revised several times, and the whole paper should be scrutinized line by line, sentence by sentence and paragraph by paragraph, to check whether each specific argument, argument and argument are appropriate and powerful, and whether the expression is logical, so as to leave no doubt until it is truly convincing.

Please pay attention to the following points when checking and modifying the first draft:

1, consistency of arguments and topics;

2. Unity of ideas and materials;

3. The closeness of the paper's structural level and logical thinking;

4. Accuracy of language expression;

5. The correctness of punctuation marks in the article;

6, data, age, name and place name is accurate; Whether the cited notes and references are true and appropriate; Cover signature, whether the binding is neat and so on.