On February 2 1, Russia announced that it recognized the Donetsk People's Republic and the Lugansk People's Republic in eastern Ukraine as independent countries. Subsequently, Russian troops entered Donbass in the name of peacekeeping forces, and the relationship between Ukraine and Russia deteriorated sharply. Russian President Vladimir Putin also said in a national televised speech that Ukraine is not only a neighboring country, but also an inherent part of Russia's historical, cultural and spiritual space. In fact, Putin has long held this view. In July 20021year, Putin said the same thing in his long article "On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians". Whether the Russian President says "Ukraine is an inherent part of Russia's history, culture and spiritual space" or the Ukrainian President says "Russia is an inherent part of Ukraine's history, culture and spiritual space", this is not wrong, because Russia and Ukraine have the same origin, and history and culture are one.

Kiev Ross is the same ancestor of Ukraine, Russia and Belarus.

Around the 10 century, the tribes of the Eastern Slavs united to form the Gullas tribe in today's Ukraine, and established the Kiev Ross. Russia in Kiev is considered to be the same origin of three modern Eastern Slavic countries-Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. Nikita Poturayev, political adviser to Ukrainian President Zelensky, once said that Ukraine, the successor of Kiev Ross, was more suitable for the name "Russia" and said that Russia should be renamed "Moscow State". Geographically, the area around Kiev is the origin core of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine.

/kloc-In the 3rd century, Kiev Ross was occupied by the Mongolian Golden Horde (Qincha Khan) and divided into several parts: the south was directly annexed by the Golden Horde, the northeast became the Grand Duchy of Vladimir-suzdal (later the Moscow Principality, the predecessor of Russia), and the west became the Kingdom of Galicia-Vorinia (also known as the Kingdom of Lu Sen, the predecessor of Ukraine). Because the Kingdom of Galicia-Vorinia is the border area of Kiev-Russia, the gurus here are called "Ukrainians /Oukrat Ina", that is, "people on the border", hence the name of the Ukrainian nation and country. From about14th century, Ukrainians began to form a single nation with unique language, culture and living customs. Tribes in Gullas gradually split into three branches: Russians, Ukrainians and Belos, and evolved into the main ethnic groups in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus today.

Ukraine is allied with Russia

In the Galicia-Vorinia War, the kingdom became the battlefield of Poland, Lithuania, Hungary and Mongolia, and was later occupied by Lithuania. After the establishment of the Polish-Lithuanian Federation, the Kingdom of Galicia-Voronia became a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Federation. 1648, the Cossack leader Bogdan Khmelnitski launched an uprising against the Polish Catholic movement and established the Cossack Emirate, so Bogdan Khmelnitski was honored as the father of the Ukrainian nation.

The Cossack Emirates was unable to confront the powerful Poland-Lithuania and turned to seek allies. Because of their common belief, Bogdan Khmelnitski and Tsar Alexei I signed the Treaty of Peleyaslav in 1654. The Cossack Emirate was merged into czarist Russia, and the culture of Ukraine was gradually unified with Russia for more than 300 years.

Ukrainians generally believe that the Treaty of Peleyaslav is the fault of the Ukrainian state, which leads to the loss of national and national independence. Russians generally believe that the Treaty of Peleyaslav is an important legal document of the historical and cultural ties between Russia and Ukraine. Based on this, it is not too much for Russian President Vladimir Putin to say that "Ukraine is an inherent part of Russian history, culture and spiritual space".

After the signing of the Slavic Treaty of Pelja, a thirteen-year war broke out between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Federation. During this period, the Cossack Emirates briefly joined the Polish-Lithuanian Federation, which was almost renamed Poland-Lithuania-Russian Federation. Finally, Tsarist Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Federation signed the Andrews-Vo Armistice Agreement in 1667, which divided the Cossack Emirates into two parts, and the right bank of the Dnieper River (western Ukraine) was owned by the Polish-Lithuanian Federation except Kiev. The Cossack Emirates retains the left bank of the Dnieper River (eastern Ukraine) and its core Kiev.

During the reign of Catherine II, the rights of Cossack chiefs were gradually weakened. 1764, Russia finally abolished the title of Cossack leader, and established three governors' jurisdictions in Ukraine, namely Kiev, Chernigov and Novgorod-Sevilsk, which are completely consistent with other Russian administrative regions. With the assimilation of culture and thought, Ukraine gradually merged into Russia.

/kloc-At the end of 0/8, Russia, Austria and Prussia divided Poland three times, and all the old places of Gullas and Belarus were incorporated into Russian territory. Ukraine's national language and culture have been suppressed and Russianization has intensified, so it is called Little Russia. 1783 Ekaterina II defeated Ottoman Turkey and occupied its vassal country, the Crimean Khanate, and a large number of Russians began to immigrate to Crimea. By 1795, except Galicia, the rest of Ukraine was under Russian rule.

The former Soviet Union laid the Ukrainian border.

19 17 after the February revolution, the rule of the czar government was overthrown. In the following four years, Ukraine fell into a period of chaos. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Soviet Red Army and Denikin White Guards, allies and Polish troops appeared like lanterns in Ukraine. The Ukrainian people are also trying to achieve national independence with the help of external forces, but all external forces want to control Ukraine's land and have no intention of supporting Ukraine to become an independent sovereign country. Even in 1920, Poland signed the Riga Peace Treaty with Russia, and western Ukraine was transferred to Poland.

191810/0 In October, Moldova declared its independence and merged with Romania in March, but the east bank of Transnistria remained in Ukraine. 1922 12.30, Ukraine, Russia, Belarus and the South Caucasus jointly established the Soviet Union, and Ukraine became one of the founding countries of the former Soviet Union. 1934, the Ukrainian Soviet joined the Republic of China, and its capital was moved from Kharkov to Kiev.

1in June, 940, the former Soviet government forcibly handed over the two areas to Ukraine on the grounds that Bissalabia originally belonged to Russia and the residents of northern Bougainville were mainly Ukrainians. At the same time, Moldavia Soviet joined the Republic, and the left bank of Transnistria left Ukraine and merged into Moldavia. 1In June, 945, the former Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia signed the Treaty of Ukraine on Transcarpathian, which transferred Transcarpathian to Ukraine. In August of the same year, the former Soviet Union signed a treaty with Poland on the border between Poland and Ukraine, and West Warren and East Galicia were re-allocated to Ukraine.

1954, in order to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Peleyaslav, the Khrushchev government of the former Soviet Union presented Crimea to Ukraine as a gift, which laid the foundation for Ukraine's territory and laid the groundwork for the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. In February, the countries of the former Soviet Union 199 1 and 1 1, including Russia and Ukraine, signed the Almaty Declaration, and all countries recognized and respected each other's territorial integrity and the inviolability of existing borders. This is the most important legal basis for Ukraine's territorial boundaries.

2065438+In February 2005, Ukraine signed the Minsk Agreement with the Donbass regional government. The Ukrainian government agreed to grant autonomy to the two southeastern States, but the two States remained in Ukraine. The signatories of the Minsk agreement are OSCE and the Russian government. However, the Minsk agreement has not been fully and effectively implemented, and all parties to the conflict accuse each other of violating the agreement.

In short, judging from Russian President Vladimir Putin's speech and Foreign Minister's speech, Russia's goal is not only two republics in eastern Ukraine, but also to let more Ukrainian regions follow the example of Crimea, Donetsk or Lugansk.