This paper summarizes the definition, characteristics, functions and classification of children's literature, and then makes a simple summary of children's literature, and then makes my own feelings and cognition of Alice in Wonderland.
Keywords: children's literature//publishing; Children; Psychological needs; Influence; contribution
1. The definition of children's literature; ? Children's literature is literature that takes children's understanding into account. Compared with the historical concept of children's literature, the new concept of children's literature seems to show a more flexible and open position and attitude in the connotation and extension of children's literature. 1 affirms the childishness of children's literature. Children's literature in 2 1 century has a wide readership, including adults, based on the improvement of artistic level, but children's literature was established because it has a special readership. Children's literature is mainly aimed at children, and children's literature reading is also mainly aimed at children's literature. 2. The literary essence of children's literature is certain. Children's literature is literature first, which follows the basic laws of literature, has the basic characteristics and characteristics of literature, edifies and nourishes children's literature, and makes children's literature different from ordinary children's books-other children's books with the same education and psychological adaptability. 3. It reflects the development and changes of children's literature creation in the world, especially the basic understanding of children's literature writers around the world in the middle and late 20th century, which mainly includes: 1, writing for children is not to impose adults' thoughts and beliefs on children; 2. Its content must be understandable by readers; 3. Its content and structure should meet and stimulate children's interest; 4. It is necessary to understand the physical and mental development stages of children readers; 5. The author should be literate, and at the same time, hold the idea and mood of singing with children. Children's literature refers to all kinds of literary works created for children, which are suitable for children's age characteristics, aesthetic requirements and reading appreciation level, and are conducive to the healthy development of children's body and mind. This concept contains four meanings: (1) Children's literature is suitable for children's age characteristics, so that they can understand and enjoy reading. (2) Children's literature has children's feelings and interests. (3) Children's literature is conducive to the healthy development of children's body and mind. (D) Children's literature follows the law of literary creation. [1] Children's literature is a literary work aimed at children. This is different from "literature about children", although they are often the same. Children's literature has a long history in the world, although the original children's literature is not a leisure reading.
Two: the characteristics of children's literature Children's literature follows some unique artistic standards to distinguish it from adult literature. The artistic features regarded as the characteristics of children's literature mainly include: reflecting children's real world and imaginary world; Express children's feelings and wishes, full of children's interests; The characters are lifelike and the story is full of twists and turns; The theme is positive and clear, the style is relaxed and the rhythm is bright; The language is concrete, vivid, lively and beautiful; Children's literature can be divided into three categories according to children's age: children's literature, children's literature (childhood literature) and juvenile literature. 1. Children's nature: the producers of children's literature are adults and the consumers are children. Real children's books should focus on children, and its purpose is to help children develop. Real children's books should focus on children, and its purpose is to help children develop. 2. Educational: Most literary works that are good in all aspects have no educational purpose, but they have educational influence. The so-called education should be a broad and intangible education. The so-called education should be a broad and intangible education. "Education" is the only way, and the effect is subtle. 3. Playfulness: For children, games are not only work and study, but also the expression of life. Games are a means for children to gain experience, study and practice. Games are a means for children to gain experience, study and practice. 4. Literariness: Literature is the art of language. The difference between literary works and non-literary works lies in the author's writing attitude and expression. The value of literature is that it is useless, and because it is useless, it can be all useful. The touching thing about literature lies in its subtle influence.
The function of children's literature refers to its social function, also known as "the social function of children's literature". It depends on children's reading, appreciation and acceptance of works, and is psychologically satisfied with pleasure, spiritually influenced by beauty, which has a positive impact on their thoughts, feelings and mental outlook, thus transforming it into a material force. That is the aesthetic function of children's literature. It can be summarized as: cognitive function, educational function, aesthetic function and entertainment function. 1, the cognitive function of children's literature. The cognitive function of children's literature refers to the role of children's literature works with high ideological and artistic quality in helping children understand society, history, enrich life experience, increase knowledge and enlighten their hearts. 2. The educational function of children's literature. The educational function of children's literature is to help children grow up healthily, so that in the process of reading and appreciating children's literature, children are subtly inspired and educated in ideology and morality, and are infected and influenced in emotion, sentiment and spiritual realm. 3. The aesthetic function of children's literature. Also called "aesthetic function" or "aesthetic enjoyment". Children's literature, like adult literature, is not only a true reflection of life, but also an aesthetic reflection of life. It embodies the beauty of life and nature and creates artistic beauty. Excellent children's literature works always arouse children's emotional excitement with their rich aesthetic feeling, get spiritual pleasure and satisfaction, cultivate their ideological sentiment and cultivate their ability to appreciate and create beauty. . 4. The entertainment function of children's literature. The entertainment function of children's literature means that children can get pleasure and re-creation through specific children's literature works, and education is carried out through entertainment, which contains profound ideological understanding and moral education. The entertainment function of children's literature is organically combined with cognitive function, educational function and aesthetic function, which are unified in the works and do not exist independently. The entertainment function of children's literature is by no means fun, but the materialized form of the rich interest and implication of children's life explored by writers, which is a function for writers to give children joy through artistic creation and make them realize their lives in joy.
Four/:Children's Literature-Classification
Children's literature is a literary work specially created for children. Children's literature especially requires being easy to understand and lively. Not only the theme of the work is distinct and prominent, the image is concrete and distinct, the structure is concise, the language is concise, the plot is interesting and the imagination is rich, but also the content, form and expression are as suitable as possible for children's physiological and psychological characteristics, which is loved by them. According to readers of different ages, children's literature is divided into baby literature, childhood literature, childhood literature and juvenile literature. Genres include children's songs, children's poems, fairy tales, fables, children's stories, children's novels, children's prose, children's folk art, children's drama, children's film and television and children's scientific literature and art.
Fifth, the emotional analysis of children's work Alice in Wonderland
1865, the publication of Alice in Wonderland was a great success. It was originally an oral impromptu story,
Writing and publishing after children like it shows that children's psychological needs have been met from the beginning. How to satisfy them? It is its nonsense but wonderful imagination that further expands the imagination of every child. The whole work has no logic, no long and complicated truth, and no obscure meaning in it. It breaks through the rigid formula of moral preaching in western children's literature, and its unique art opens up another magical and absurd way of writing. Every child will have some ridiculous dreams, and this work conforms to the children's psychology, and the children realize the sense of mission in happiness. On the difficult road of growth, they should be brave enough to take responsibility and go forward, so that their body and mind can be cultivated. Let us know more about children's voice, which has helped countless children grow up happily, greatly influenced future children's works and made great contributions to today's children's literature creation.
Alice in Wonderland, a wonderful work of world children's literature, is Lewis? Carol's masterpiece is the most popular children's book in Britain, one of the top ten famous philosophical fairy tales in the world, and also the pioneer of magical absurd novels. Its publication swept the world and won the favor of almost all readers.
1. The absurd plot of Alice in Wonderland, coupled with the crazy imagination, attracted countless children.
Alice in Wonderland, a crazy and bizarre work, tells the story of a bored little girl snuggling up to her sister who is reading by the river. After falling asleep, she had a magical dream, in which she chased a rabbit in a vest and fell into a rabbit hole, thus coming to a wonderful world. In this world, she sometimes becomes bigger and smaller, so that she once fell into a pond composed of her own tears; She also met the sanctimonious Duchess, mysterious Cheshire cat, mythical Griffin and fake turtle, the poker queen who always shouted to cut off other people's heads and a group of poker soldiers, took part in a crazy tea party, an odd croquet match and a trial, until she finally clashed with the queen and found herself lying by the river before waking up. This is a dream, and children all over the world can enjoy it and fall into it. Why is this? We can think of it this way. Since it is a dream, the whole story naturally becomes as absurd as a dream.
I think the so-called absurd, bizarre and incredible is only for adults who are used to the regular real world and have regular thoughts. For children, just as the author used this book to write the world in children's hearts, a beautiful world full of adventurous spirit, unrestrained and bringing fun to many fun people, so that every child has that "rabbit hole" in his heart. It completely satisfies the imagination space that children can't release for a long time, so that children can never get out from the moment they hold this book. In this way, this unique story has attracted the attention of children all over the world, making countless children enjoy it and unable to extricate themselves. A work can fascinate children in different countries all over the world, which embodies its extraordinary creative characteristics.
Second, the unique artistic creation of Alice in Wonderland
In Alice in Wonderland, the whole work has no logic, long and complicated truth or obscure meaning, which breaks through the rigid formula of moral preaching in western children's literature and opens up another magical and absurd way of writing. The story is full of imagination, and every plot can completely attract people. With his own imagination and pure, simple, fresh and natural language, the author vividly depicts all the characters in the story of Alice's Dream. Let's always be there and feel its unique artistic attainments.
1) Absurdity is one of the unique arts of Alice in Wonderland.
Carol's absurd writing method has been deeply felt when we read the works, so what is the basis for the author to imagine such an absurd story and write it down?
Carol's writing style has its family roots. On little Carol's eighth birthday, his father, Mr. Dodgson, happened to be going out for a long trip. In his letter to little Carol, he expressed his determination to buy a gift for little Carol in an absurd way: "As soon as I arrived in Leeds, I stood in the middle of the road and shouted: iron seller, iron seller-I guess in the blink of an eye, 600 big shots would rush out of their stores, ring the doorbell and call the police." I want a clip, an auger and a bell. If I can't find these things within 40 seconds, I will burn the town of Leeds into a kitten ... The old woman in the town climbed the chimney in a hurry, followed by a cow, ducks hid in coffee cups, and fat geese struggled to get into the pencil box. The mayor of Leeds wanted to pretend to be a sponge cake, thinking that this would avoid the fate of the town's destruction. "Carol's father grasped a simple concept and exhausted its literal meaning, making the meaning it expressed absurd and unreasonable.
As we all know, children always ask questions that adults can't think of or haven't thought of. These questions come from their whimsy. In the society at that time, the story shown to children is usually either a story that explains a truth to you, or a logical beginning, a logical thing and a happy ending. Everything is written according to actual things, and everything is so logical that it fetters children's thoughts and stifles their imagination, making children's whimsy irrational, unspeakable and absurd forever. For example, Alice in the movie is not understood by many people because she often asks strange questions and does strange things boldly. Even her mother thinks she is sick. It is in such an era that the publication of Alice in Wonderland is like dew from heaven. Every child will have some absurd dreams, and this work is in line with the children's psychology, so that children can yearn for such a magical and wonderful dream from now on, so that every child has a "rabbit hole" in his heart to meet their limited psychological needs. After seeing this work, children will be excited to think that some of their usual whimsy exists in Alice's dream and becomes normal, so that children can boldly imagine something. Great inventions often come from rich imagination, so they are very helpful to children's thinking.
2) The second unique art of Alice in Wonderland-the exquisiteness of language.
The author not only worked hard on the content of the story, but also made the children crazy about the story, because the strange and interesting children's language organized these stories. The language is pure, simple, fresh and natural. Although there are not many words, the characters in Alice's dream story are vivid and vivid, and the author's exquisite language contributes a lot. First of all, we can find that there are many catchy children's songs in this book. Although even these children's songs seem so absurd, they are easy for us to remember, and they seem to make us feel that those children's songs have different reasons. For example, Alice recited how to maintain crocodiles from the beginning:
How did the little crocodile keep its shining tail and pour the water from the Nile into every golden scale?
How happy you are when you smile, how elegant you are when you open your paws,
It is welcoming those small fish to swim into its gentle smiling mouth.
Although we don't know what this nursery rhyme was like at first, we know that Alice recited it like this because she was wrong. This children's song not only conforms to the author's absurd technique, but also rhymes uniquely. When we look at this poem carefully, we can feel that the author deliberately makes the sentence have double meanings by using the condition of polysemy and homonymy, one meaning is this meaning and the other meaning is that meaning, which is actually a reasonable rhetorical way. Puns can make language express implicit humor, deepen meaning and impress people. This writing technique is a pun. Puns and word games are one of the features of this book. Readers can't help but smile when they are thinking deeply. But once you leave the original language, the sound and meaning of coincidence lose their dependence and puns no longer exist. Copying is meaningless, so this work not only has a great influence on children's imagination, but also inspires them on their growth path. On the surface, this work is absurd, illogical and unreasonable, and everything really seems to be a messy dream. But when you read the whole story, you will find another meaning in it. Following Alice all the way, you can't help thinking, if you were Alice, would you have the courage to fall into such a deep hole and enter a strange and strange world, and go on bravely like Alice? Especially when it comes to the queen who always cries and beheads, will you resist bravely like Alice? Suddenly, the children had such a revelation, that is, to be a man should have a sense of mission. When you enter this world, you must go on bravely. You must not give up on yourself, be timid and have your own opinions. Let your children know that others and this world are not just dreams that you can ignore in the blink of an eye. You have the responsibility of this role in other people's world. You can challenge your destiny and take control of your life, but you can't escape your responsibility. Therefore, a seemingly absurd dream finally gave children courage and a sense of responsibility.
3) Alice's third unique art in Wonderland-a huge and profound symbol.
Another artistic feature of Raul's works is the symbolic meaning in his works. As some critics have commented, his symbolism may have gone too far, even his friend and illustrator Sir Tenniel holds this view. Therefore, when Tenniel illustrated the song Walrus and Carpenter, Carol offered the painter three roles to choose from, one was a carpenter, the other was an idle man, and the other was a baronet. In order to avoid too much symbolism in the book, Sir Tenniel adopted the image of a carpenter.
Countless celebrities have explored what they need in Carol's broad and profound symbolic meaning. In this sense, Alice in Wonderland is everyone's Alice. 1948 T.S. Eliot, a Nobel Prize in Literature laureate, English poet and literary critic, once said that when he wrote the first poem of the Quartet, Burn Norton, the sentence in Alice in Wonderland haunted his mind. American outstanding short story master Ou? Henry even named his first book Cabbage and the King after walrus and Carpenter's poems.
And Alice is the Alice described by the author Carol. Carol used her logician's logic, mathematician's game, absurd artist's dream and everything around her to weave a pure world away from killing and preaching for her favorite little Alice, and deeply implanted this world into the girl's mind away from the hubbub, making it a spiritual wealth that she can enjoy for life.
Alice in Wonderland is a strange dream written by a mathematician who fully understands mathematical logic. The original intention of the work is only to satisfy the happiness of Alice, the little girl whom the author loves. Unexpectedly, Alice represents thousands of imaginative children in Qian Qian in the world, satisfying their psychological needs, allowing them to enter a wonderful world and making every child have a "rabbit hole" in his heart. No logic and absurdity, in line with the child's imagination. From the perspective of children, the story depicts the strange and colorful dreams of the little girl Alice in humorous language. Every child will have some absurd dreams, and this work conforms to the children's psychology, so that children have been longing for such a magical and wonderful dream since then, but the story is not nonsense, it is incredible but reasonable. Many of these scenes have appeared in your dreams and mine, from which children can learn how to learn and grow in difficulties. Because of its great influence on children, this work has been translated into most major languages in the world, even esperanto and indigenous languages, and has also been compiled into plays, movies, ballet, pantomime and so on. A work can fascinate children in different countries all over the world, which embodies its extraordinary creative characteristics. The connotation of this book has attracted the attention of scholars in the fields of literature, psychology, philosophy, mathematics, linguistics and semiotics. The research on it is extensive and in-depth, and various theories and discoveries emerge one after another. His works had a great influence on later literary and film creation, especially in the19th century, imitations emerged one after another. Interestingly, even Shen Congwen's Travel Notes of Alice China is a sequel to Alice to reflect the darkness of society at that time. In the movie "The Matrix", the protagonist Neo was even warned to "pay close attention to the White Rabbit Cave". Alice has become a perfect creation of logic and mathematics mind suitable for children's pure interest.
To sum up, truly excellent children's works have strong attraction, and the thrills and novelty of the story are in line with the aesthetic taste of contemporary children, so it is inevitable that they can be accepted and liked by contemporary children. The great achievement of Alice in Wonderland is achieved through the verification of the prototype of Little Alice, the unprecedented and unique content and language of that era.