College students' entrepreneurship is an integral part of social entrepreneurship, and a large part of it is the new force of private enterprises in China now and in the future. The following is my paper on employment and self-employment for you. Welcome to learn from them!
abstract
The survey results show that the main problems of students' self-employment in Xianyang Normal University are lack of experience, ability, funds and information. The countermeasures to strengthen self-employment education are as follows: first, to help students correctly establish the concept of entrepreneurship and strengthen their awareness of entrepreneurship; The second is to build an all-round entrepreneurship education system to improve students' entrepreneurial quality; The third is to actively publicize national policies and provide all-round support for students' entrepreneurship.
key word
Xianyang Teachers College; College students; Self-employment; Problems; Countermeasures
College students' entrepreneurship is an integral part of social entrepreneurship, and a large part of it is the new force of private enterprises in China now and in the future. College students' successful entrepreneurship can not only solve their own employment and survival problems, but also provide more social jobs. Using their own knowledge and professional background to start their own businesses is an important channel for college students to realize their life value.
In order to better promote students' and graduates' self-employment, and provide more targeted entrepreneurship education and support for college students' self-employment, Xianyang Normal University organized a survey on students' self-employment in Xianyang Normal University. The survey was funded by the Academic Affairs Office, organized and implemented by the School of Politics and Management, and followed up for three years. At the beginning of the survey, 1 200 questionnaires were distributed among students and some graduates of different grades and majors in Xianyang Normal University, and 1 654,38+0,39 questionnaires were returned, of which 1 072 were valid, accounting for 94.654,38+of the total number of returned questionnaires. Subsequently, the investigation team kept in touch with some students, tracked the changes in their understanding and practice of self-employment, and investigated the entrepreneurial awareness and situation of new students in order to deeply understand the students' needs and suggestions for school entrepreneurship education.
First, college students' understanding of entrepreneurship
During the investigation, it is found that most students are interested in the topic of entrepreneurship, but few people have a deep understanding of entrepreneurial initiative, and even fewer practitioners pay attention to it. According to the survey data, at the beginning of the survey, only 1 1.6% of the students said that they had no plans to start a business, and the remaining 88.4% of the students had some ideas to start a business. Comparatively speaking, students in big cities with relatively more employment opportunities are obviously less willing to start businesses than students in small towns and rural areas. But having the idea of starting a business doesn't mean that you will really start a business and have the ability to start a business. Among them, most students can't tell what entrepreneurship is and how to start a business. Only 15.2% of the students put their ideas into practice or are ready to start a business, and only about one-fifth of the students who have already started a business have found the first pot of gold. Later follow-up survey found that due to the school's emphasis on students' entrepreneurship, some students paid more attention to entrepreneurship, and the number of students who actively carried out entrepreneurial practice also increased slightly. It can be seen that schools play an important role in giving play to students' entrepreneurial enthusiasm.
Students in Xianyang Normal University have different purposes of starting a business. Nearly 70% of students think that entrepreneurship is a means to support their families, 13.6% students regard entrepreneurship as a way of life, and a few students are eager to "become more useful people to society" through entrepreneurship. The more students in rural areas and small and medium-sized cities with single living environment and poor economic conditions, the more they hold the view of "supporting their families", probably because there are relatively few employment opportunities, so they think that starting a business can make money and avoid severe employment pressure. These students' entrepreneurial behavior is often blind and their success rate is relatively low. Most of them choose entrepreneurial fields with less start-up capital and less risk, paying more attention to short-term benefits and lacking long-term consideration. For example, some students want to open hot pot restaurants, clothing stores and training courses around the school. This kind of entrepreneurship is often fresh in the initial stage, but it is not easy to persevere, and it is easy to give up when encountering setbacks in the process of entrepreneurship. Most students who insist on starting a business as a way of life or in order to realize their ideals come from big city families with more employment opportunities and better economic conditions. Because the demand for money is not particularly urgent, once the decision to start a business is made, there will be a relatively clear idea, and most of them will seriously think about the goal of starting a business, what resources and capabilities are needed, and how to achieve it. If the first venture fails, most of them can re-integrate resources on the basis of summing up experiences and lessons, and wait for the next opportunity to start a business.
Second, the main problems of college students' self-employment
This survey shows that lack of experience, lack of ability, lack of funds and poor information are the main problems restricting students' entrepreneurship. If college students want to succeed in starting a business, they must have high professional knowledge, good communication and interpersonal skills, strong psychological quality, as well as challenging spirit, innovative consciousness and adaptability. In the process of investigation, students generally report that they have no entrepreneurial experience and feel that their knowledge reserves are insufficient and they cannot effectively use theoretical knowledge to guide entrepreneurial practice. 53.3% people think that they don't have enough entrepreneurial experience. As a student, I mainly focus on my studies, seldom participate in social practice activities and have little contact with society. If they really want to start a business, they feel at a loss. In addition, good psychological quality is the basic condition for college students to succeed in starting a business. 33.5% of college students say that they are not psychologically tolerant of risks, will not cope with the pressures and challenges they will face in starting a business, and find it difficult to accept entrepreneurial failure.
Lack of funds is another bottleneck restricting college students' entrepreneurship. 64. 1% of the students surveyed believe that the main obstacle to starting a business is the lack of start-up funds. Among them, students from rural areas account for more than half, and only 12.4% of students in big cities think that funds are an obstacle. It can be seen that the funds for students' entrepreneurship in Xianyang Normal University mainly come from families, and the economic conditions of families have affected the practice of students' entrepreneurial activities. The relevant funds invested by the government are limited, and it is difficult to benefit all students who are willing to start a business. Due to the lack of risk assessment mechanism, entrepreneurial students lack property mortgage guarantee, and it is extremely difficult to obtain social financing. Many students admit that if the family conditions are not plentiful, it is more realistic to find a job to solve the survival problem first and then consider starting a business after a certain foundation.
In addition, according to the survey, most college students are not very clear or even ignorant of the relevant policies and regulations issued by the state to support college students' self-employment. This is because school education is still closed in management, and the relevant national policies are not publicized enough; It may also be because the state has issued corresponding policies and regulations, and in the process of implementation, there may be a situation that "there are policies at the top and countermeasures at the bottom", so that students do not feel the benefits; Or the students themselves lack the initiative to understand. Therefore, although more college students are willing to start a business, they take a wait-and-see attitude and do less.
Third, countermeasures to strengthen self-employment education
There are some * * problems in students' entrepreneurship in Xianyang Normal University, which have troubled and hindered students' independent entrepreneurship. As the main body of education, entrepreneurship education is also an indispensable aspect. First of all, we should attach importance to entrepreneurship education from top to bottom and infiltrate entrepreneurship education into daily teaching. Help students correctly establish the concept of entrepreneurship and strengthen their awareness of entrepreneurship. Schools should regularly organize self-employment reports, so that students can understand social needs on the basis of a correct understanding of society, realize that entrepreneurship itself is the improvement of innovation ability, challenging spirit, psychological quality and adaptability, and realize that entrepreneurship can not only contribute to society, but also realize their own life value.
Secondly, build an all-round entrepreneurship education system to improve students' entrepreneurial quality. College students must have relevant knowledge, skills, experience and psychological quality, which is the cornerstone of entrepreneurial success. Students have great hopes for entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship guidance provided by the school. Therefore, this model should set up education courses related to entrepreneurship, mainly aiming at the training and education of entrepreneurial foundation, practical knowledge and entrepreneurial choice; And set up some special training courses such as management ability, interpersonal skills and adaptability. In addition, organize some practical social and entrepreneurial activities to improve students' entrepreneurial quality in an all-round and three-dimensional way. In the survey, 60.6% of students think that participating in social practice activities is conducive to their own entrepreneurship. Another 3 1.3% students think that doing part-time jobs can also help them start their own businesses. Schools carry out various practical activities to simulate entrepreneurship, so that students can master what they have learned in the process of social practice, entrepreneurship practice and other activities, truly feel the difficulties that may be encountered in the process of entrepreneurship, enhance their psychological endurance and social adaptability, and thus improve the success rate of independent entrepreneurship.
Thirdly, schools should actively publicize national policies and provide all-round support for students' entrepreneurship. School is not only the main body of education, but also the middleman between students and government, students and society. In order to provide good service for students' entrepreneurship, schools should vigorously publicize the national policies and regulations on entrepreneurship, so that students can learn more, make more effective use of the good policies of the state, and avoid detours in entrepreneurship. Schools can also contact successful entrepreneurs for lectures and entrepreneurship counseling, help students contact the government and enterprises for financial support, and provide a broader platform for students to start businesses. With the assistance of successful entrepreneurs and successful entrepreneurs, we will organize entrepreneurial competitions regularly, provide bonuses and financial support to the winners' successful schemes, and encourage students to turn their entrepreneurial ideas into reality. Successful students may also help their younger brothers and sisters if conditions permit, forming a virtuous circle, which not only cultivates students' entrepreneurial ability, but also solves the problem of insufficient funds for students' entrepreneurship.
Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood, and entrepreneurship is high-quality employment. Encouraging and supporting college students to start their own businesses is an important way to broaden their employment channels, and it also provides a colorful stage for college students to realize their self-worth.
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