Case 1:
After graduating from college together, Party A and Party B enter the same enterprise and work in the same department, and the salary is also set at the same level: 1 1,000 yuan per month. After the one-year probation period, Party A's salary is set at 1.200 yuan per month, and Party B's salary is set at 1.500 yuan per month. A was very happy when he got the salary of 1200 yuan, because his salary was increased by 200 yuan. However, when he learned that B's monthly salary was 1500 yuan, he was very angry and his work enthusiasm dropped significantly.
Question:
(1) Please choose an appropriate theory to analyze A's psychology.
(2) What countermeasures managers should take.
According to (1) fairness theory, employees' work motivation is mainly influenced by wages and remuneration, including absolute remuneration (the amount of their actual income) and relative remuneration (the ratio of their actual income to others' actual income). Everyone will consciously or unconsciously compare their own labor and remuneration with others, and will also compare their present labor and remuneration with their past labor and remuneration vertically. By comparison, if you find that your income and expenditure ratio is equal to others, it is considered normal and reasonable, so you feel comfortable and work with peace of mind; If you find that your income-expenditure ratio is lower than others, or that your current income-expenditure ratio is lower than in the past, you will feel unfair and have a negative impact on your work attitude and enthusiasm. In this case, the pleasure of A's vertical comparison is that his salary has increased by 200 yuan. However, when he made a horizontal comparison with B, he found that his salary was less than that of B by 300 yuan, which resulted in a sense of unfairness, which led to a significant decline in work enthusiasm.
(2) Managers should carefully analyze the wage difference between Party A and Party B. If the reason is that Party B is more capable and contributes more than Party A, they should explain it to Party A in time, so that Party A can know itself again, find out the gap, make clear the direction of efforts, and stimulate Party A's work enthusiasm; If the reason is that the manager misjudges the ability and contribution of Party A and Party B, he should promptly and decisively correct the mistake and re-establish the salary standards of Party A and Party B. ..
Case 2:
Enterprises that produce traditional handicrafts in a certain place have gradually developed and grown up with China's open policy. In recent ten years, the average growth of sales and exports has exceeded 15%. The number of employees has also increased from less than 200 to more than 2,000. Enterprises still adopt similar linear organizational structure in the past. Director Wang, the head of the enterprise, is in charge of both sales and production, and is an all-round manager.
Recently, something happened in the enterprise, which made the factory director Wang at a loss. First, production is basically made to order, and the factory director basically conveys production instructions. When the delivery is tight, it is often the factory director who takes the lead and burns the midnight oil with the employees. Although the goods were delivered on time, the quality was not up to standard and the products were returned for claim; Second: In the past, the number of people recruited by enterprises was small, and factory director Wang had the final say. At present, nearly 50 college students are recruited every year, which also involves the training of personnel. The previous practice didn't work. Third, in the past, factory director Wang always temporarily arrested people to do logistics and other work. There is too much work in this field now, so we can't do it for the time being. All these things, the effective management methods in the past have lost their functions.
Question: Please explain the problems existing in the enterprise from the perspective of organizational work and put forward measures and suggestions.
(1) From the information given in the case, it is obvious that the enterprise adopts a linear organizational structure. The advantages of this organizational structure are: the structure is relatively simple, and everyone knows who they should report to and who should report to him; With clear responsibilities and authority, everyone has only one direct supervisor, so it may be easier and faster to make decisions. Disadvantages: However, in the case of a large organization, the business is complicated and it is difficult for one person to undertake all the management functions.
Obviously, when the enterprise grows to more than 2000 people, the linear organizational structure restricts the normal development of the enterprise. Just like the dilemma faced by Director Wang in the case, it is no longer effective and efficient to let one person take charge of everything.
(2) Enterprises need to adopt an organizational structure suitable for enterprise development, such as a linear functional organizational structure with specialized division of labor, and consider setting up a production planning department, a human resources department and a logistics department. In this way, we can give full play to the advantages of linear-functional organizational structure, that is, line managers at all levels have corresponding functional institutions and personnel as staff and assistants, so they can effectively manage departments to adapt to the complex and meticulous characteristics of modern management, and each department is under the unified command of line personnel, which meets the requirements of unified command and strict responsibility system for modern organizational activities.
Case 3:
Xinhua Garment Factory assigned the task of sewing new styles of clothes to the first and second workshops at the same time. The number of workers in the two workshops is similar. These workers have mastered the basic operation of sewing clothes, but this is the first time to sew this new type of clothes. Director Li of the first workshop divided the process of sewing a suit into 30 processes, and each worker engaged in a designated process, which made the workers' operation simple and skilled. However, Director Wang of the second workshop combined these processes into seven positions until they were completed, and stipulated that everyone could work in these positions in turn, so that everyone could master the whole process of sewing this kind of clothing skillfully. In the first two months, the production progress of the second workshop was slower than that of the first workshop. However, the workers in the second workshop are satisfied with their own practices. They strive to improve the technical level and speed up the production progress. By the third month, the production progress of the second workshop exceeded that of the first workshop.
Question:
1. Why does the production progress of the second workshop exceed that of the first workshop? What does this mean?
2. According to the analysis of leadership contingency theory, is Director Wang's approach more effective than Director Li's?
1, because the manager of the second workshop fully mobilized the enthusiasm of employees. Director Wang adopts the method of performance management and puts forward challenging goals for employees through rotation, and believes that they can achieve them. This shows that workers' satisfaction with management methods directly affects employees' enthusiasm and production progress.
2. Contingency theory holds that there is no fixed and universally applicable "universal" management mode, and management should adapt to the internal and external conditions of enterprises and adopt different management modes to achieve the best results. The theory holds that there is no universally applicable "best" or "worst" management mode, and the management effect depends on situational factors such as the relationship between the manager and the managed, the nature of work, and the characteristics of members. If every working procedure in the workshop is very complicated and requires advanced technology, and it takes a long time to acquire technology, then Director Wang's approach will undoubtedly not work.