Medical paper is a branch of scientific paper, which reports the innovative achievements of natural science research and technological development, and is a written report that expounds the original research achievements and publishes them publicly. The format of medical papers consists of the following six parts: the title of the paper; Author's signature, work unit and zip code; Abstract (objective, method, result and conclusion); Keywords; Text (data and methods, results and conclusions) references.
I. Writing Steps
Preparation: Search and accumulate information, including document extracts, laboratory observation data, various records, various results obtained from investigation and research, etc. The more information collected, the richer it is, the more comprehensive it is to observe the problem, and the more favorable it is to analyze and study the problem.
Proposition:
① Determine the research direction: Because there are many kinds of disciplines and rich contents, only by focusing on one aspect of a certain discipline can we choose a suitable topic;
② Innovation: It is the purpose of medical papers. Put forward new ideas, new ideas and make new conclusions. In short, we should have our own unique ideas;
③ Pay attention to the necessity and possibility of proposition to prevent blindness; The title is the title of the paper: it is usually the subject of research and plays the role of making the finishing point; The title must be worthy of the name: fully reflect the content of the article, make the title consistent with the content, bright and eye-catching, short and novel, easy to read and remember.
Quasi-contour
Outline is the design drawing of paper writing and the skeleton of the full text, which plays the role of dredging ideas, arranging materials and forming structure.
(1) Write down the ideas, viewpoints and ideas that have been preliminarily brewed, and write them according to the outline. With the deepening of inspiration and ideas, there will be new ideas and discoveries, so as to modify and supplement the original ideas;
(2) The proposed outline must be complete, and the general outline of the article should be preliminarily constructed; The main content of the preface of medical papers is that there is nothing to study this topic, which shows the practical significance of studying and discussing this topic.
First draft:
(1) When the basic ideas are clear and the reference documents are ready, they can be carried out in the order of the outline;
The first draft must be solid and complete, so that you feel very satisfied.
Revision and finalization of the first draft
It is important to draft the first draft, but it is also important to revise it.
① Revision is a process of deepening the understanding of the content of the first draft and constantly choosing the expression form;
(2) The principle of modification is to find out what problems and modify what problems;
(3) Revisions often require the author to read the first draft several times, and each time he reads it, he will have a new feeling, and then he can find some shortcomings and make revisions;
④ When revising, we should pay attention to whether the contents, formats, serial numbers and numbers of foreign letters, tables, illustrations and references meet the requirements and whether there are any typos.
Second, writing skills.
Title Title requirements:
1. Concise: generally no more than 20 words.
2. The title is proportionate, accurate and distinctive: the title reflects the content and the content explains the title.
3. Focus, clear theme: highlight the theme of the paper, be highly summarized and be clear at a glance. If it is not enough to summarize the content of the paper, you can add a subtitle (dash, bracket or sequence code).
Signature of the author (author)
1. The meaning of the author's signature
(1) Clarify the responsibility of the paper: write at your own risk.
(2) Obtaining due honor: recorded in the history of scientific and technological development.
(3) The need of literature retrieval: author retrieval.
(4) Clear copyright: personal rights and property rights.
2. The principle of author's signature
Signature individual authors are limited to those who choose research topics and make research plans, directly participate in all or major research work and make contributions, participate in writing papers and are responsible for the content. (GB77 13-87 "Compilation Format of Scientific and Technological Reports, Dissertations and Academic Papers")
3. The requirement of the author's signature
(1) is divided into collective signature and individual signature.
(2) The first author should be the creator, designer, executor and author of the paper.
(3) When many people co-write, the Lord comes first and the second comes last; When multiple units are jointly written, footnotes should be marked.
(4) The number of authors is not easy to be too large, generally no more than 6.
(5) Guidance, cooperation and reviewers can be included in the thanks.
Abstraction (abstraction)
Content and format of 1. abstract
Universal format:
(1) Purpose: To explain the problem to be solved in this paper and its origin.
(2) Methods: Explain the research time, the number of patients or subjects participating in the research and the main research methods.
(3) Results: Explain the main results of the research content, including data and statistical test results.
(4) Conclusion: Explain the main conclusions, including direct clinical application.
Other formats
(1) Purpose (purpose, purpose and background): The problem to be solved in this paper and its origin, origin and research background.
(2) Design: the basic research and design of the paper.
(3) Setting: research location, unit and grade.
(4) Subjects and patients: research time and main methods.
(5) Intervention: Clinical treatment and other treatment methods of the paper.
(6) Measures: main test items of evaluation results.
(7) Results: explain the main results and data in the research content.
(8) Conclusion: Explain the main conclusions, including direct clinical application.
2. Writing requirements of abstract
(1) Write continuously, without paragraphs, without subtitles or examples.
(2) Format standardization.
(3) Short and complete, generally accounting for about 10% of the full text.
(4) Written materials, without charts, tables and chemical structural formulas.
(5) English abstracts with basically the same content.
keyword
Keywords are words or phrases that express the essential characteristics of scientific and technological documents and have practical significance.
Subject words are standardized keywords, and keywords are flexible and extensive free languages. At present, both keywords and subject words are used as retrieval languages. Because keywords are natural languages, synonyms, synonyms and polysemous words are not uniform, which leads to retrieval errors, and most of them are selected from medical thesaurus (MeSH).
1. keyword format
3-8 words or phrases, written in the blank, without punctuation. Commas can be added between foreign characters, except for proper noun prefixes, the rest are lowercase.
2. Method of selecting keywords
(1) You can choose the most commonly used title from title, abstract and full-text content.
(2) It should be strictly screened to fully, accurately and comprehensively reflect the central content of the article.
(3) Consult the medical dictionary for confirmation.
Introduction (introduction)
The basic content of 1. Introduction
(1) Briefly describe the reason and purpose of studying this work.
(2) Study the historical background of this work.
(3) Research status and trend of this work at home and abroad.
(4) Emphasize the importance, necessity and research significance of this work.
(5) Explain the time, materials and methods of learning this work appropriately.
2. Introduction writing requirements
(1) Concise: generally 200-500 words, accounting for about1/8-110 of the full text.
(2) Seeking truth from facts and objective evaluation: Don't deliberately belittle predecessors, and don't jump to conclusions.
(3) Less rhetoric: different levels.
(4) Don't be the same as the abstract, and avoid being the same as the text: it doesn't involve results or conclusions.
(5) generally don't write? Introduction? Word title.
Materials and methods
Materials and methods mainly explain the materials, methods and basic process of research. It answers? How? This problem plays a connecting role. Material is the material basis for expressing the research theme, and method refers to the means to complete the research theme. Materials and methods are the basis of scientific papers and the main basis for judging the scientificity and advancement of papers. It can make readers understand the reliability of research and provide information for others to repeat research.
The titles of materials and methods are slightly different due to different types of research, and investigation and research are often changed to? Objects and methods? Is it used in clinical trials? Cases and methods? . The materials and methods of different types of research are not exactly the same.
Experimental research should explain the experimental conditions and methods.
① Experimental conditions include source, strain, sex, age, weight, health status, selection criteria, grouping method, anesthesia and surgical methods, specimen preparation process, experimental environment and feeding conditions.
(2) The experimental methods include the instruments and equipment, specifications, reagents and operation methods.
(3) If the reagent is a conventional reagent, the name, manufacturer, specification and batch number can be stated; If it is a new reagent, the molecular formula and structural formula should also be written; If preparation is needed, the formula and preparation method should be explained.
(4) If the operation method is used by predecessors and widely known, just name it; If it is a relatively new method, it is necessary to explain the source and provide reference; If the method is improved, the basis and content of the modification shall be explained; For innovative methods, we should be careful not to mix the introduction of new methods with the new problems studied by this method in one paper. If the paper reports a new method, it is necessary to introduce the specific steps of reagent configuration and operation in detail so that others can learn and popularize it.
The object of clinical research is the patient, and it is necessary to explain whether it is from the inpatient or outpatient department. At the same time, we must briefly explain the number of cases, gender, age, occupation, etiology, course of disease, pathological diagnosis basis, grouping standards, diagnosis and classification standards of diseases, judgment basis of illness and curative effect, observation methods and indicators.
The above contents can be selected and explained according to the specific situation of learning, highlighting the key points.
(1) For papers studying new diagnostic methods, we should pay attention to whether the research objects include various patients (severity of illness, presence or absence of complications, diagnosis and treatment process, etc.). ), the source of subjects and controls (for example, the prevalence and treatment rate of a certain disease may be different in different levels of hospitals), how to specify normal values, how to diagnose methods, and so on.
(2) The research papers on the clinical course and prognosis of the disease should pay attention to the course of the patient's treatment, the referral of the patient, and whether objective standards for observing the disease results have been formulated.
③ Etiology research papers should explain research design methods (such as clinical randomized trials and cohort studies). ) and whether dose effect observation should be carried out.
(4) Clinical observation and research, mainly explaining the case selection criteria and general information of cases (such as age, gender, severity of illness, etc.). ), grouping principle and sample distribution method (matching, compatibility or completely random), curative effect observation index and curative effect standard.
⑤ If the treatment method is surgery, the name, mode and anesthesia method of surgery should be indicated; In the case of drug treatment, it should also indicate the name of the drug (generally using scientific name instead of trade name), source (including batch number), dosage, route and method of administration, course of treatment, origin and preparation method of Chinese herbal medicine.
Result (result)
The achievement is the value of the paper and the crystallization of the research results. Draw the conclusion of this paper, trigger discussion, and draw judgments, inferences and suggestions.
1. Contents of the result
(1) data: raw data is not needed, but statistical processing is needed.
(2) Chart: used to show regularity and contrast.
(3) Photographs: can objectively express the research results.
(4) Text: Description of data, charts and photos.
2. Writing requirements of results
(1) According to the factual materials obtained from the experiment, the arrangement can be divided into sections and subtitles can be added.
(2) Explain the objective results without the author's evaluation, analysis and reasoning.
(3) The results should be true and credible, and data or other results that do not conform to subjective assumptions shall not be deleted at will.
(4) Because charts and photos take up a lot of space and can be explained in words, they should be used as little as possible.
Discussion (discussion)
Discussion is an important part of the paper, which is for the author to summarize, summarize and discuss the information obtained in the research, put forward his own opinions and evaluate its significance.
Content of discussion
(1) Theoretical analysis and explanation of various data or phenomena during experimental observation.
(2) Evaluate the correctness and reliability of your own results, compare the similarities and differences with others' results, and explain the reasons.
(3) The theoretical significance, guiding role in practice and application value of the experimental results.
(4) Discussion on action mechanism or change law.
(5) Research trends of similar topics at home and abroad and their relationship with this paper. Writing methods of clinical medical papers
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