Given one or several materials (or words, cartoons, pictures), material-based composition requires candidates to choose an angle, conceive their own ideas, make their own styles and write their own questions on the basis of accurate understanding of the materials. This proposition is both restrictive and open. Topics are generally required to be within the scope of material content and significance, but there is also some freedom of choice.
Material composition generally consists of "material+tips+requirements". Materials are divided into forms, including text materials and chart materials; According to the quantity, there are single materials and multiple materials; According to the content, there are case materials, moral materials and discourse materials. The examination of this kind of composition requires careful scrutiny, speculation and analysis of the meaning and relationship of each word, such as materials, tips and writing requirements, so as to grasp the connotation of the topic as a whole, grasp the main object, main content and the author's emotional tendency, clarify the writing scope and focus, and try to establish the best idea.
First, review the material-analyze the connotation of the material and mine the hidden information.
To write a profound article, we must first have a deep understanding of materials and dig out the most essential meaning of materials and life from the outside to the inside.
1. Storytelling materials include historical stories, realistic news, fables, fairy tales, etc. We should link one with another according to its meaning, so as to dig out the implied meaning. For example:
(1) Once, when Gaidar was traveling, a pupil recognized him and rushed to help him carry his suitcase. Pupils saw that the suitcase was worn out and said, "Mr. Gaidar is very famous, but why do you use the suitcase casually?" It's so uncoordinated. ""not harmonious? Wouldn't it be worse if the suitcase was famous and I was casual? " Gaidar said with a smile. The students looked at Gaidar and smiled.
Material central meaning: By writing the famous dialogue between Gaidar and primary school students about worn-out suitcases, it expresses the truth that things outside the body can be casual and people can't be casual. Based on this, we can extract the following viewpoints: (1) You can't be casual; (2) To be a man, you should be a man of real talent and learning, not just a name.
(2) During the Sydney Olympic Games, there was such an episode: in the shooting venue, in order to prevent reporters from interfering with the players with their mobile phones, a striking warning "Do not turn on the mobile phones" was posted in the venue. But the cell phone rings from time to time, and it's always a reporter from China. Please analyze this material, draw up your own topic and write an argumentative essay.
On the surface, this is a matter of one's self-cultivation and public morality. In this way, from a deeper perspective, these people are all "journalists" and knowledgeable "cultural people" and should know these basic common sense. From this point of view, "cultural person" does not mean "moral cultivation", and then the urgency of moral cultivation education is put forward. Only in this way can we avoid following the trend.
2. Textual material, that is, the given material is a sentence or a paragraph, so we should pay attention to the direction of the text.
For example, "phoenix head, pig belly and leopard tail" is a figurative topic, which talks about writing methods and can also be extended to life and career. It can be regarded as a trilogy of study, life and career. The initial stage is a cockatoo metaphor, the middle stage is a pig belly metaphor, and the end stage is a leopard tail metaphor. Emphasize a good start from the beginning, such as laying a good foundation and taking the key first step; The process emphasizes enrichment and enrichment, such as being down-to-earth and pioneering and innovative; The ending emphasizes a good beginning and a good ending, such as drawing a happy ending and leaving a festival. -Only when people form good habits from childhood and learn scientific and cultural knowledge well can middle-aged people live a full life; Only when you have a successful career can you leave memories of your life in your later years. The same is true of doing things. If you have a good start, you will never be sloppy in the middle and the result will be satisfactory. According to this, the meaning of materials is: to be a man, to do things from beginning to end.
3. There are many materials, so we should analyze and compare them, seek differences in similarities and seek common ground in differences, and grasp the * * * commonness of materials as a whole. We can't attend to one thing and lose sight of another, but only grasp one end. Example: ① Li Shizhen wrote Compendium of Materia Medica after 27 years of investigation and study; (2) Evan Leahy invented drug 606 and failed 605 times; (3) Pavlov studied conditioned reflex for 30 years before writing a lecture on the function of the two hemispheres of the brain; ④ It took Marx 14 years to write Das Kapital; Edison also failed hundreds of times when he invented the electric light.
Analysis: There are five things listed in the material, but they all have the characteristics of * * *--great men can achieve great achievements because they can persist in their long-term struggle and are not afraid of failure after setting their goals. This * * * property is the central connotation of the material and the central argument we want to summarize.
If there are positive and negative materials in several materials at the same time, then when examining the questions, we must first find out the opposition between the positive and negative materials, get inspiration from the comparison, refine our views and write our ideas. Such as: one near Zhu Zhechi, near Mexico is black; B: If you don't touch the mud, you won't be evil. The views of these two materials are opposite. Material A shows that the environment can change people's ideological quality and emphasizes the great influence of objective environment on people. Material B shows that people can form and maintain noble ideology and morality even in a dirty environment, emphasizing people's subjective initiative. Their "connection points" are all about the relationship between people or things and their environment. Intention: We should correctly handle the relationship with the environment.
4. Imaginary materials should highlight the characteristics of imagination, create new images and express new ideas. For example, if memory can be transplanted, the basic point of imagination is that memory transplantation is possible, and we should support and affirm it when writing. As for the effect after transplantation, we can boldly imagine that it has both advantages and negative effects. We must not overturn the topic and talk about the impossibility of memory transplantation.
5. Picture material, that is, the given material is one or several pictures, and the hidden point of this composition lies in the meaning of painting. We should pay attention to the content of the picture and the language hints outside the picture, and combine these to comprehensively consider the meaning and find out the writing direction. For example, in Fujian in 2005, the content of the picture is two circles, one standard and one polygon, and the prompt is: "I am standard, I am stable, my week is long, my area is large …" "I am novel, I change a lot, my week is long, my area is small …" Combined with the picture and the prompt, this picture should reflect the "standard" and. Connecting with social reality, we can find many information points. For example: (1) Everything in the world has its own length; Life should be both stable and flexible. (3) The circle is the core, and everything changes from the original religion. ⑷ Sleek and angular are two different attitudes towards life.
Second, the examination tips-mining the theme from the tips.
"Prompt words" are mainly used to enlighten the examination of questions and develop writing ideas. Almost all composition questions, except the proposition and the materials provided, give some hints on the composition theme, material selection scope, writing focus and so on. Pay attention to the opinions and ideological tendencies of the presenter, and infer the intention of the questioner from them.
1, 2003 college entrance examination composition hint: The above is the fable in Han Feizi. Until today, we can still hear similar stories in reality; However, many different or even opposite situations are also common. When we know things and deal with problems, is there a relationship between the intimacy of feelings and the depth of cognition? Please write an article on "Emotion and Cognition of Things".
This commentary stipulates that the focus of writing content is similar or opposite examples in real life, so you can write similar situations in real life or the opposite situation; In particular, it is necessary to understand the meaning of "whether our emotional closeness is related to the depth of our cognition of things when we know things and deal with problems" and distinguish the relationship between them.
2. There is a composition entitled "Harmony but Difference". The materials are as follows: There is a famous saying in the Analects of Confucius: "A gentleman is harmonious but different." It means that as a gentleman, you should be good at reconciling various contradictions and conflicts and get along well with others; But at the same time, we should also have our own independent opinions and styles different from others, and we should not follow the trend. This hint greatly reduces the difficulty of composition and must be taken seriously.
Third, the requirements for the proposition of the examination-see the requirements clearly and not neglect them.
When reviewing questions, we should not only review the questions themselves, but also read and think about the "requirements" after the questions.
1. Nothing is missing. It is necessary to read through the "Requirements" and understand the main examination angles of the whole paragraph. Pay attention to supplementary explanatory text, especially those sentences that make candidates "do nothing" (such as not writing poems) appear in the form of negative sentences. This is often a kind reminder from the proposer, and sometimes it is even expressly stipulated. It can help us determine the direction of writing and pull us out of the misunderstanding that deviates from the meaning of the topic.
2. impartial. "Requirements" are matters needing attention in writing. It is necessary to carefully analyze the modifiers in Requirements and understand their specific provisions in terms of composition title, content, scope, form, angle, style, number of words, author's name and writing techniques.
Fourth, it is not easy to grasp the stylistic requirements-to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses.
Many candidates have good writing skills and good materials, but they didn't write according to the stylistic requirements, which is a pity. Generally speaking, the "stylistic requirements" of a composition are straightforward and broad, and the style can be freely chosen, but it does not mean that there are no requirements. If you choose a narrative genre, you should honestly write according to the rules of narrative; If you choose an argumentative essay, you must have arguments, arguments and arguments. Never confuse description with narration, and confuse lyricism with discussion. Writing poetry should have image and artistic conception, and writing drama should have sharp contradictions and conflicts. Therefore, we should seriously study the requirements of composition, give full play to our strengths in writing articles, and pay attention to strengths and avoid weaknesses, so as to write articles that best reflect our writing level.
Material composition increases the examinee's ability to examine questions, and it is easy to stray from the topic if you don't fully grasp it, so you should fully grasp some basic methods to examine questions. Generally speaking, material composition should first make clear what people, things, scenery and things are written in the material (subject and object), what this person has done (how about things, scenery and things) and what the result is. The second is to grasp the theme of the material. According to the different materials, there are several ways to check the materials.
1, moral revelation method
For some materials, such as fables, fairy tales, comics, etc. It is necessary to link "from things and people" and "from things and things" through the appearance of materials, that is, from things in materials to people, and then to life philosophy and social phenomena similar to the content of materials, so as to dig out their true connotations and establish an argument.
The donkey crossed the river carrying salt. It slipped and fell into the water, and the salt melted. It's much lighter when you stand up. This makes it very happy. Another day, it took a sponge to the river, deliberately slipped and fell into the water. The sponge sucked the water away, so the donkey couldn't stand up and finally drowned.
This fable tells us that everything should proceed from reality, and when the situation changes, our thinking and working methods will also change. If we stick to the rules or blindly apply them, we will inevitably fail. When writing, we should grasp its implication through the appearance of donkey carrying salt sponge, and take it as the argument of the article.
2, tend to try to figure out the method
Some material components and sentences in the materials often contain the feelings of the proposer. When examining questions, we must fully capture these linguistic information and understand the emotional color of the proposer, so as to establish the best conception angle according to the emotional tendency of the proposer.
When Venus with a broken arm was presented to people, it attracted countless good people. They put forward all kinds of strange ideas to connect Venus' broken arm. Venus' lost arm is like an attractive trap. But so far, no design has been generally appreciated.
Prompting "good people" and "swarming", the feeling of contempt is beyond words, obviously holding a negative attitude towards trying to connect the broken arm and appreciating the broken arm Venus. The following viewpoints can be extracted: ① Unique beauty; (2) To let nature take its course, you don't have to impose your views on others. Aside from the tendency of the materials, from the perspective of "tackling key problems is not afraid of difficulties" and "persistence will succeed", it is suspected of digressing.
3. Complementarity method
Example 1 Florence poet Dante's famous saying: "Go your own way and let others talk!"
(2) Polish proverb: "People who often ask for directions will never get lost."
Prompt material ① "Go your own way" emphasizes firm belief; Material 2 "People who often ask for directions won't get lost" means that when walking, they should have the spirit of asking for advice modestly and listen to others' guidance. Which is right and which is wrong? The two are highly complementary, and when combined, they will be comprehensive and reasonable. Therefore, we can extract such a view: only a firm belief in "going your own way" and an open-minded spirit of "always asking for directions" can we have a good life path.
4, theme comprehension method
This is the most commonly used and safest way to examine questions in material composition. If we can accurately understand the center of the material and take it as the main idea of the article, then the article will be both relevant and profound.
Example: The Wall Street Journal reported that on the eve of the Gulf War, its reporters were surprised to find that American officers and men were scrambling to learn China's Art of War in tents in the desert and on standby warships. General Gray, commander of the Marine Corps, instructed that Sun Tzu's Art of War is a must-read for officers and men of the Marine Corps.
It is not difficult to find that the reason why American officers and men study China's The Art of War is to guide their tactics, and the main idea of the materials is very clear. Based on this, we can extract the view that "stones from other mountains can attack jade" Of course, this is dominant; From a hidden point of view, foreigners still attach so much importance to the study of our cultural heritage, so as China people, we should pay more attention to the inheritance of our motherland's cultural heritage, which is more meaningful in a sense.
5. Focus on methods
The key word is often "Yan Wen", which contains the main idea of the material. Therefore, we can take this as a breakthrough, grasp the materials and choose the conception angle. In the materials of material composition, keywords are often the key sentences of the proposer or the characters in the materials.
When Brazilian footballer Pele made his debut in football, a reporter asked him, "Which ball are you best at playing?" He replied, "Next!" When he made his mark in football and became the world-famous king of football, and scored more than 1000 goals, the reporter asked, "Which one did you play best?" He still replied: "Next!"
Suggesting the word "next" not only embodies the enterprising spirit that is never satisfied, but also contains the philosophy of endless and innovative art, which shines with personality, wisdom and spirit. Grasping this keyword will grasp the soul essence of the material.
To sum up, the above are some basic methods for writing college entrance examination materials. Choosing different methods for different materials makes it easy to understand the meaning of the question and establish the theme. Of course, there are still many ways to examine questions and ideas in material composition. These methods are not isolated and may cross each other. If it can be used flexibly and comprehensively in the specific examination and conception process, the effect will be better.
It is worth noting that "material composition" is "epochal, speculative and diverse". Therefore, as a senior three candidate, we must pay attention to "three concerns" (paying attention to life, society and hot spots), otherwise it will be difficult to write a good composition for the college entrance examination.
Warm reminder materials composition can not be separated from the thinking, processing and even quoting of materials. However, many candidates do not know the skills of quoting materials, and habitually repeat the materials at the beginning of the article, or take the materials as arguments, or stiffly lengthen the materials, and adapt a general material into a lengthy story without detailed description. It is inappropriate to quote materials like this. There are three main ways to write materials and deal with the materials provided by the test questions:
(1) comprehensive quotation. The materials provided by the test questions are generally hundreds of words, and everyone quotes them in the article, which will inevitably make the marking teacher bored. If you can use popular language and vivid pen and ink quotation, it will have different effects.
(2) Quote key sentences. The key sentences that can reveal the theme in the examination materials are often the focus of the article and the starting point for skillfully quoting the materials.
(3) continuation material method. If the material is narrative and has strong story-building ability, it is also a good way to make up a new story by narrating the story: take the end of the material as the medium, or imagine and interpret the story; Or study hard, look to the future, and win with exquisite ideas and novel plots. In short, the handling of materials is only a means, as long as it is "used properly", it will be used well.