In the whole process of graduation thesis writing, drafting the first draft is the most important and painstaking work. Although the first draft is only a blank of the article, it is the basis for further processing. Because it is the first draft, you can't make a move when writing. What problems should be paid attention to in drafting the first draft? 1, think carefully and put pen to paper carefully. Graduation thesis is a "systematic project". Before you formally start writing, you should think comprehensively about the article and check whether all the preparations are completely ready. First of all, we must clarify the theme. The theme is the commander-in-chief of the article, so you must think very clearly before writing. Liu Xizai, a Qing Dynasty man, said, "Every article can be summarized in one sentence. It's a thousand words when it's expanded, and a word when it's reserved. The so-called master is also. " The author should think about whether the theme of his article can be summarized in one sentence. If the subject is unknown, you should never start writing. Second, it is clear thinking. Train of thought is the thread and track of people's ideological progress and the internal foundation of structure. Before you start writing, you should think clearly about how to ask questions, how to analyze problems, how to solve problems and what materials to use. Third, establish a model. The so-called "pattern" is the framework, outline and outline of the full text. Think well before you start writing, such as how many parts the full text is divided into, what levels it has, what to say first, what to say later, where to be detailed and where to omit it, and have a general idea from beginning to end. Fourth, prepare the required materials and find all kinds of facts, data, quotations, etc. Keep it at hand, so as not to look for it when you use it and interrupt your thinking. Fifth, arrange the writing time and place. Writing requires a relatively concentrated time and a relatively quiet environment, so as to concentrate on completing the graduation thesis writing task. The ancients said, "If you stand in front, you can learn from behind." Mr. Lu Xun once said, sit tight and learn by heart; Concentrate on your thoughts and wave your hand. If you are well prepared, you will write quickly. Some people don't pay attention to the preparation before writing, and they are eager to write when they only have a superficial understanding of the object they are writing. In the process of writing, they "design and construct", which makes the order upside down, messy, done or delayed, and the result is slow progress. Therefore, we should think carefully before drafting and be careful to put pen to paper. 2 In one go, don't pay attention to the "section". Before you start writing, you should make full preparations. Once you start writing, you should stick to it in one breath and take out the first draft in the shortest time. This is the secret of many writers. Some people like to chew words repeatedly when writing articles, think about words while writing, and stop to look up words that can't be remembered in the dictionary for a long time. In this way, it is easy to interrupt the train of thought. In fact, the first draft might as well be a little thicker, with some flaws in materials or words, as long as it has nothing to do with the overall situation. Don't change it for the time being. It's not too late to deal with it after all the first drafts are written. This is what Lu Xun did. In his letter to Ye Zi, he said: The previous composition method of ten steps and nine turns back is very wrong, that is, I constantly don't believe in myself-the result is definitely impossible. After setting the pattern in the future, continue to write, no matter what rhetoric, don't look back. Wait until you finish writing, put it for a few days, then look back, delete a few words and change a few words. On the way to creation, while refining words, I really want to interrupt my interest. When I translate, if I can't think of the right words, I will leave them in the blank and continue to translate. I will consider them in the future. Otherwise, you can stop most of the day because of one sentence. This is Lu Xun's experience, and it is also very enlightening for us to write our graduation thesis. 3. Do what should be done and stop at what should be done. Su Wan, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, said when talking about his prose creation: "My prose is like a thousand oblique springs, pouring out at random. Caring about the land, gurgling, although there is no difficulty in a day's work; And its twists and turns with rocks, shapes are everywhere and unknown. What is known often depends on what it does and often stops at what it can't. That's all. " (Wen Shuo) Su Wan was one of the eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His composition is like running water, elusive and beyond the reach of others. But his conclusion that "do what you should do, stop at what you can't stop" is universally applicable. "Do what you should do" requires the author to be clear about what he should say when writing, regardless of pen and ink. For example, the background of an article, the ins and outs of a thing, the nature and characteristics of a thing, etc. If you are unfamiliar to the reader, you should make it clear and explain it clearly in the article, but you can't simplify it at will, which will damage the meaning of the article and lead to the defect of inaccurate carelessness. "Stop at what you can't stop", that is to say, don't write one more word, but "cherish ink as gold". When you are in love, you are free and unrestrained, and you are unwilling to give up what you love. It is bound to be flourishing, lengthy and procrastinating, and even the problem of "writing a thousand words and pulling Wan Li" will appear. Don't write hard if you can't write. Lu Xun put forward eight rules for writing articles in the article "Answering Questions from Beidou Magazine", the second of which is: "If you can't write, don't write hard". This is very reasonable. There are various reasons why I can't write it: or I don't fully understand what I said, but I just stay on the surface and fail to go deep into its essence through the phenomenon; Or the problems discussed are not thoroughly analyzed, and they are not analyzed from different levels and angles, only one thing is not as good as the rest; Or the materials are not enough, or the theme, structure and language expression of the article are not well thought out, etc., which can make the article impossible to write. "I can't write" only exposes the problems in my writing, which is not necessarily a bad thing. It shows that the preparatory work is not done well and the writing time is not mature. At this time, we should stop wisely, carefully analyze the reasons why we can't write, review all aspects of writing, and find out the crux of the problem. If it is a material problem, further materials need to be collected; If it is a question of cognition, we should re-recognize the writing object with Marxist standpoint, viewpoint and method. "Don't write hard" doesn't mean you can't write any more. As long as we find out the reasons, prescribe the right medicine and overcome the obstacles in writing, there will be a new realm of "there is no way to recover from doubts and recover from another village"

Example of how to write graduation thesis: Self-taught undergraduate students (including undergraduate students and independent undergraduate course students) should write graduation thesis (graduation project for engineering majors and clinical practice for medical majors) and reply examination after passing the examination results of various professional courses. Graduation thesis writing and defense examination is one of the important links to obtain the undergraduate graduation certificate of higher education self-study examination, and it is also one of the important bases to measure whether the graduates from self-study examination reach the academic level of the same level and major in full-time ordinary colleges and universities. However, due to the lack of systematic classroom teaching and usual training, many candidates often feel great pressure in independent writing of graduation thesis, and it is difficult to write. Therefore, it is of great significance to guide the graduation thesis writing of self-taught undergraduates. This paper tries to make a brief discussion on how to write a graduation thesis for reference. Graduation thesis is the last link for undergraduates majoring in higher education self-study examination to complete their undergraduate studies. For candidates, it is a summative independent assignment, which aims to sum up their own learning results and cultivate their ability to solve practical problems by comprehensively applying what they have learned. Stylistically speaking, it is also a meaningful essay for scientific research and exploration of practical or theoretical problems in a certain professional field. The writing of graduation thesis can be divided into two steps, namely, topic selection and research topic. The first is the topic selection. Topic selection is the key to success or failure of thesis writing. Because choosing a topic is the first step in writing a graduation thesis, it is actually to determine the question of "what to write", that is, to determine the direction of scientific research. If "what to write" is not clear, "how to write" is impossible. The practice and requirement of the Self-taught Examination Office of the Ministry of Education on the topic selection of graduation thesis is that "in order to encourage the combination of theory and work practice, candidates can put forward the topic selection according to their own work and submit it to the examiner's school for approval. Thesis topics can also be published by the examiner's school, and candidates can choose by themselves. The overall requirements of graduation thesis should be consistent with ordinary full-time colleges and universities, so as to test candidates' comprehensive application of professional knowledge through thesis writing and defense assessment. " However, regardless of whether candidates choose their own topics at will or choose from the designated topics announced by the examiner colleges, they should insist on choosing practical topics with scientific value and practical significance. Choosing the right topic is half the battle for graduation thesis. First, we should insist on choosing topics with scientific value and practical significance. The purpose of scientific research is to better understand and transform the world, thus promoting the continuous progress and development of society. Therefore, the topic selection of graduation thesis must be closely combined with the needs of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization construction, with promoting the development of scientific undertakings and solving practical problems as the starting point and destination. The topic selection should conform to the correct direction of scientific research, be novel and innovative, and have theoretical value and practical guiding significance or promoting effect. A meaningless research, even if it takes a lot of energy and the expression is perfect, is worthless. Specifically, candidates can choose topics from the following three aspects. First of all, we should choose a topic from the disadvantages of reality and learn professional knowledge. We should not only stay in books and theories, but also try to integrate theory with practice and use our professional knowledge to find and solve problems that need to be solved urgently in work practice. Secondly, we should choose topics from the blank and marginal fields of scientific research. There are still many virgin lands in scientific research, and there are still many defects and gaps to be filled. Candidates should have unique vision and advanced consciousness to think, discover and study. Finally, we should choose the topic from finding the shortcomings and mistakes of previous studies. Many of the research topics put forward by predecessors have achieved initial research results, but with the continuous development of society, they still need to be enriched, improved and developed. This supplementary or revised research topic also has scientific value and practical guiding significance. Second, we should choose practical topics according to our own abilities. The writing of graduation thesis is a kind of creative labor, which requires not only the personal views and opinions of candidates, but also certain objective conditions. Because the subjective and objective conditions of candidates are different, they should also choose the topic according to their own specialties, interests and objective conditions. Specifically, candidates can comprehensively consider the following three aspects. First of all, there should be sufficient sources of information. "A clever woman can't cook without rice", and it is difficult to write a high-quality paper in the absence of information. Choosing a subject with rich data sources is very helpful for the in-depth research and development of the subject. Secondly, you should have a strong interest in research and choose the topics you are interested in, which can stimulate your research enthusiasm, mobilize your initiative and enthusiasm, and complete it with a positive attitude of concentration, carefulness, persistence and patience. Finally, every candidate has his own specialty regardless of his ability level and job position. Choosing a subject that can combine one's own work and give full play to one's professional expertise is of great benefit to the successful completion of the research of the subject. After choosing the topic, the next job is to study the topic. The general procedure of the research topic is: collecting data, researching information, clarifying arguments, selecting materials, and finally writing, revising and finalizing. First, the basic work of the research topic-collecting data. Candidates can collect information from three aspects: consulting materials in libraries and reference rooms, doing field research, experiments and observations. The more specific and detailed the information collected, the better. It's best to list the bibliography and detailed plan of information you want to collect. First of all, when consulting materials, we should be familiar with and master the classification of books, be good at using bibliographies and indexes, and skillfully use other reference books, such as yearbooks, abstracts, catalogues, charts, etc. Secondly, doing on-the-spot investigation and research can obtain the most authentic, reliable and abundant first-hand information with clear purpose, clear object and clear content. Survey methods include: general survey, key survey, typical survey and sampling survey. The methods of investigation are: meeting, interview and questionnaire. Finally, about experiment and observation. Experiment and observation are the basic ways to collect scientific data and obtain perceptual knowledge, and are the practical basis for the formation, production, development and testing of scientific theories. This method is often used in the research of science, engineering, medicine and other majors, and should be carefully and comprehensively recorded when using this method. Second, the key work of the research topic-research data. Candidates should comprehensively browse the collected materials and adopt different reading methods for different materials, such as reading, selective reading, research and so on. Full-text reading refers to reading the full text, selective reading refers to reading useful parts and contents, and learning refers to reading the contents related to the research topic comprehensively, conscientiously, meticulously, deeply and repeatedly. Think positively in the process of learning. We should use the arguments, arguments, argumentation methods and research methods in books or papers to arouse our own thinking, and use our eyes, hands and brains to exert our imagination and make new creations. When studying the data, we should also make records of the data. Third, the core work of the research topic-clarifying arguments and selecting materials. On the basis of studying the data, candidates put forward their own views and opinions, and establish basic arguments and sub-arguments according to the topics. Put forward your own views and highlight new ideas. Innovation is the soul, and you can't just repeat predecessors or follow others' advice. At the same time, we should also prevent the tendency of being greedy for perfection, fearing incompleteness and repeating existing knowledge in large sections, so as not to reflect the characteristics and achievements of our own research. Select materials according to the established basic arguments and sub-arguments, which are formed on the basis of studying the collected materials. Organizing materials should pay attention to mastering scientific thinking methods and paying attention to the logical relationship and primary and secondary relationship before and after materials. Fourth, the key work of the research topic-writing. Candidates should pay attention to the following two aspects when writing: the proposed outline and the basic format. Draw up an outline, including the topic, basic arguments and content outline. The content outline includes major events, middle events and minor events. The quasi-outline is helpful to arrange the logical structure of the full text and construct the basic framework of the paper. Basic format: General graduation thesis consists of title, abstract, text and references. The title should be direct, specific, eye-catching and concise. In other words, the main points in the paper should be put before the main body of the paper, which is convenient for readers to read, so it should be concise. The text is the core content of graduation thesis, including introduction, theory and conclusion. The introduction mainly explains the reason and significance of studying this topic, and should be written concisely. To make the topic of discussion clear and specific, sometimes it is necessary to write some historical review and current situation analysis, and what supplements, amendments or developments I will have, and briefly introduce the argumentation methods. This part is the main body of the paper, which expresses the author's research results and mainly expounds his own views and arguments. In this part, we should use sufficient and powerful materials to explain our own views and accurately grasp the internal relationship between the levels and paragraphs of the article. A long paper often adopts the method of combining reasoning (that is, the writing method of gradually expanding one argument to another) and sub-argument (that is, juxtaposing several sub-arguments subordinate to the basic argument and discussing them one by one). The conclusion part is the conclusion part of the paper. It is necessary to write the results of the demonstration in a consistent way, and at the same time write the prospect of the research, and mention the problems that need further discussion or possible solutions. Reference refers to some articles or materials studied in the process of writing a paper, and the main ones should be selected and listed at the end of the article. Fifth, the guarantee of research topic-revision and finalization. Through this link, we can see whether the writing intention is clearly expressed, whether the basic arguments and sub-arguments are accurate and clear, whether the materials are properly used and convincing, whether the arrangement and argumentation of materials have logical effects, whether the structure of large and small paragraphs is complete and natural, whether the sentences and words are correct and appropriate, and whether the article conforms to the norms. In a word, writing graduation thesis is a complex thinking activity, which is really difficult for self-taught candidates who lack writing experience. Therefore, candidates should "learn and learn, practice and practice" and humbly ask the tutor for advice.