(China Geo University, Beijing)

Academician Wang Hongzhen is a famous geologist and geologist. 1916117 was born in bianzhuang, Cangshan county, Shandong province. 1935 was admitted to the Department of Geology of Peking University, and 1939 graduated from the Department of Geology, Geography and Meteorology of The National SouthWest Associated University, Kunming. 65438-0947, Ph.D., Cambridge University, UK. He used to be Professor and Secretary-General of Peking University, Professor and Vice-President of Beijing Institute of Geology, Chairman of the Chinese Paleontological Society, Vice-Chairman of the Committee on the History of Geological Sciences of the International Union of Geological Sciences, Member of the Sixth China People's Political Consultative Conference, Standing Committee of the Seventh and Eighth Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and Vice-Chairman of the Central Council of China Association for Promoting Democracy. 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences. He is currently a professor at China Geo University, a senior academician of China Academy of Sciences, an honorary senior member of the Committee on the History of Geological Sciences of the International Union of Geosciences, a consultant of China Association for the Promotion of Democracy, and an honorary curator of geological museum, China. Research fields include paleontology, stratigraphy, paleogeography, Precambrian geology, geotectonics and geological history. The main research results are as follows: (1) In stratigraphic paleontology and paleogeography, the systematic classification and evolution stages of corals have been established; The viewpoint of stratigraphic division based on chronostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy was put forward. Combining sedimentary facies and tectonic background, different paleogeographic patterns and paleotectonic frameworks were distinguished, and the Paleogeographic Atlas of China was published. The different types of China basin and their structural development characteristics are distinguished. The classification hierarchy system of sequence stratigraphy and its possible relationship with astronomical period are put forward. In the field of geotectonics and global tectonics, this paper puts forward the system of tectonic terms and the division of tectonic units and stages in China and the world, and puts forward the understanding of continental convergence and divergence cycles based on Pangaea, the rhythms of different types and levels in earth history and their possible astronomical control factors. This paper studies the global reconstruction of the ancient continent, and forms a view of earth history which combines the theory of global tectonic activity with the theory of historical development stages. In the aspect of geological history, it is planned to focus on the history of disciplines and the history of disciplines' thoughts, and he has published more than 240 papers, monographs, anthologies, atlas and teaching materials, and won the first prize of the Second National Natural Science Award (collective, 1982). Second prize of the third and fifth sessions (1987, 199 1), first prize of teaching materials of institutions of higher learning of the State Education Commission (1988), first scientific and technological progress award of Heliang Heli Fund (1994), and Li Siguang geological science award. Wang Hongzhen's achievements are inseparable from his academic path and unique academic thoughts.

First, enrich the background and broaden the foundation.

Wang Hongzhen was born in a declining feudal family. My father was a scholar, calligrapher and literary lover in the late Qing Dynasty. I studied in Jinan University of Political Science and Law. He received strict traditional education and writing training since childhood. 1925 went to study abroad because of the war in my hometown. 1927, he finished primary school and returned to his hometown the next year. In more than a year, he read many classical novels and came into contact with the Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen and other books. 1929 was admitted to Linyi Shandong Provincial No.5 Middle School. Xu Meisheng, the new headmaster, carried out the educational reform of all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty, which enabled Wang Hongzhen to read literature, history and natural books extensively, participate in various community activities, expand his interest and increase his talents.

In the early 1930s, the progressive students in the school were persecuted, and President Xu left, so he went to Peiping with his brother for a period of middle school, so he had the opportunity to make a miscellaneous study and enrich some foreign language knowledge of literature and history. After reading Independent Review and other popular magazines at that time, I admired Hu Shi and Ding Wenjiang and came up with the idea of "saving the country through science". 1935 was admitted to the Department of Geology of Peking University. He was lucky enough to listen to Professor Glip's lecture on geo-history for the last time and read his masterpiece "The Course of Geo-history". He had a preliminary understanding of the global and historical nature of geological science and was exposed to the atmosphere of academic activities. 1938 went to Kunming with the walking group of Changsha Temporary University, and was guided by Professor Yuan Fuli on the way, which enhanced the interest in observing geological phenomena and initially felt the demeanor of colleagues such as Zeng Zhaolun and Wen Yiduo. From 1938 to 1939, he listened to Professor Yuntao Sun's lectures in The National SouthWest Associated University, and often heard the research methods of some famous stratigraphic paleontologists. In the summer vacation of 1938, accompanied by the geological exploration institute, I waited for the field system to practice the geological mapping method of1:50,000 and the geological topographic mapping method of 1: 1 10,000, and got more formal training. He also worked hard to improve his foreign language level, read German classic textbooks, wrote a summary of papers on geotectonics in foreign magazines and published them in Geological Review.

Wang Hongzhen graduated from 1939, and stayed as a teaching assistant and assistant of Professor Yuntao Sun. In fact, before graduation, he had assisted Mr. Sun in editing and publishing the geological volume "Collection of the 40th Anniversary of Peking University". In the following years, in order to meet the needs of teaching, he systematically sorted out the complete sets of teaching specimens purchased from abroad and preliminarily identified the fossil specimens collected from China; Read China's geological literature extensively and learn the classic works of famous European and American scholars. During the period of 1940, I participated in the geological survey along the Suzhou-Kunming Railway, which was presided over by Professor Xie for a short time. I was educated and trained from sorting out the data to formulating the planning tasks and working methods. During this period, his professional research focused on coral paleontology and Paleozoic dating strata, as well as small-scale route geology and regional structure. His geological paper published in 1943 "Along the 500,000 Railway in Western Yunnan" was quoted by Huang in 1945' s magnum opus "Main Geological Structural Units in China". During my teaching, I published papers on stratigraphy and paleontology in magazines such as geological society of china Annals and Science Annals, and assisted Mr. Sun's department work and organized academic activities in geological society of china, from which I gradually realized the importance of collecting information and mastering documents, and also realized the importance of mastering information with correct viewpoints and methods. At the same time, he also took advantage of the superior conditions of National Southwest Associated University to participate in literature and history courses, which broadened his knowledge and increased his general academic accomplishment.

Second, broaden your horizons and be determined to innovate.

In 1943, Professor Yuntao Sun and Professor Yuan Fuli recommended Wang Hongzhen to go to the United States for further study. 1944 won the first scholarship of Yale University, but failed to make it. 1945 was accepted by the British graduate students provided by the British Council and began to study abroad for two years.

In Cambridge, his tutor was O.M.B. Boorman, a young member of the Royal Society. He studied graptolites and mammals and was famous for his meticulous and systematic thinking. Wang Hongzhen discussed with him the research plan for four kinds of corals and introduced the existing research results. He immediately suggested visiting Stanley Smith, a famous coral expert at Bristol University, and h·d· Thomas of the British Museum of Natural History in London, and applying for various relief procedures for him in time to shorten the process of completing his dissertation. After discussion and material introduction with Thomas, the research methods of studying modern coral skeleton composition and establishing four new coral classifications were determined. Since then, he has made full use of the rich thin materials brought from China and preserved in sedgwick Museum in Cambridge, Natural History Museum in London and geological museum in England, and made use of the Cambridge Philosophy Library, which is particularly rich in periodicals, to comprehensively verify and reinterpret the microstructure of coral bones, determine the definition of "genus" level, and try to establish a higher-level classification system. The only means used are binocular polarizer and synchronous plotter. At this time, the painting and visual skills he acquired in his early years greatly improved his work efficiency. After visiting and observing the thin slices of Glasgow University and Edinburgh Geological Survey, and consulting several European and American colleagues, he wrote a manuscript in April 1947, using his existing knowledge of global tectonic outline, introducing the viewpoints of evolution stages and temporal and spatial distribution, which not only made the paper innovative in concept and method, but also had the characteristics of extensive subject content, and was praised by his tutor. After traveling to Europe in May, I passed the oral exam and attended the degree awarding ceremony held that month in time.

When Wang Hongzhen first arrived in England, he bought Li Siguang's Geology of China (1939) and Early 1946. In the department library, he saw Huang Hanqing's monograph Major Geological Structural Units in China (1945), and read these two classics carefully. At that time, he paid special attention to the debate about continental drift in the structure. In addition, he also took the sedimentology and experiment course of M. Black, and read the German scholars' exposition on the stages of European tectonic development. In 1930s and 1940s, several young stratigraphic paleontologists from Cambridge were elected as members of the Royal Society of London, and formed an interdisciplinary academic exchange group with scholars of rocks, minerals, crystallization, geography and meteorology from Cambridge. By the mid-40s, they still retained their charm in this field. Inspired by it, Wang Hongzhen initially formed a research idea of combining stratigraphy, paleontology, sedimentation and regional structure.

1947 in may, Wang Hongzhen accompanied the Cambridge geological practice group headed by professor Woodward W. B. R. King and professor P.Pruvost of Lille university in France, inspected the border between France and Belgium and the northwest coast of France, paid tribute to the "World War II" battlefield and wrote poems as a souvenir. Later, I paid a visit to Joseph Needham, a great historian of science and technology in China, who was then the Director-General of UNESCO, and Father Dejinri, a geologist who made important contributions to the geological research in China, to pay tribute to them. In August, he visited the geology departments of several British universities, met Boorman's best friend w·f· Whittard in Bristol, talked about the wartime losses of the geology department of Peking University, and generously presented a full set of precious documents such as British Paleontology, Journal of Geology, Journal of the British Geological Society, etc., and packed them for free and arrived in Peiping in time, which was quite friendly. After visiting the geological departments in Birmingham and Glasgow, he went to the famous lake area for a holiday and wrote poems and paintings as a souvenir.

Sponsored by Peking University, Wang Hongzhen visited the United States in September. He was accompanied by Min Sihe of Oxford University. According to the plan, he visited the geology departments of Harvard University and other American universities. At Yale, he personally expressed his thanks and apologies to C.O. Dunbar, and to the late Ch. Schuchet He conducted academic exchanges on coral research in Yale, Ohio and Kansas, and met J.M. Wells, who sent him coral specimens. He also worked in the National Museum of Natural History and visited the new york Museum of Natural History. As the last class of Professor Glip, he also introduced Ge's great contribution to the geological circles in China to R. R. Shrock and J. M. Wells, who live in Ge's private life. The trip to the United States also made Wang Hongzhen know Bailey Willis of Stanford University and G. G. Simpson of New York State, two senior geologists and paleontologists, which also opened his interest in geological history and famous geologists.

Third, teaching and educating people, many a mickle makes a mickle.

Wang Hongzhen never left his teaching post and never gave up his research opportunities. However, from 1947 to the 1960s before the turmoil, he devoted himself to teaching. He taught in school when he was young, and developed the habit of clear thinking, concise language and simple writing. 1952 and then study the Soviet Union. Although the teaching method is cumbersome, it also makes him regard teaching as an art and enjoyment. Those who listened to his lectures decades ago are still enjoying the deep impression gained at that time. He devoted himself to teaching, from the formulation of teaching plans to the construction of teaching materials and practice bases. Combining the advantages of western and Soviet European textbooks, he compiled and published A Course of Geography History with China textbooks, and established a secondary surveying and mapping practice base in Tangshan.

Wang Hongzhen has always attached importance to basic geological education and scientific geological education in higher geological education. 1956 presided over the formulation of geological teaching plans, emphasizing the importance of geological foundation as much as possible, and suggested restoring the geological specialty of science. He advocated the combination of teaching and scientific research and put it into practice. He repeatedly called on young teachers to cultivate a wide range of interests, combined with teaching equipment, to carry out preliminary scientific research exercises. When making a scientific research plan, it is suggested that advanced teaching materials should be included in the scientific research plan.

In the early 1950s, Wang Hongzhen took part in the study of Practice and Contradiction, listened to the counseling report, and participated in the amateur study group organized by the undergraduate department of Beijing Municipal Committee. He came into contact with the concepts of principal contradiction, quantitative change and qualitative change of things, and phased and progressive development of things. He initially used these concepts in teaching and teaching materials, put forward the argument of stages and irreversibility of geological development, and further clarified the historical structure as the center.

In 1980s, Wang Hongzhen advocated for many times to broaden majors and strengthen exchanges and integration between majors. At the same time, attach importance to international academic exchanges and strive for financial support from international channels. He attached great importance to the unity between teachers and friends, and called on several generations of scholars of different ages to cooperate sincerely and understand and tolerate each other. The older generation should be broad-minded and stand firm. The middle-aged generation should be diligent in dedication and brave in pioneering; The younger generation should be innovative, dedicated and pragmatic. In the past 20 years, * * * has supervised 19 graduate students, 23 doctoral students in various disciplines and 5 postdoctoral students.

Fourth, explore new areas through cooperation.

After ten years of turmoil, Wang Hongzhen returned to his professional post after 1972, and took part in the summative mapping and stratigraphic data collation advocated at that time. He used the geological library with rich collections to consult materials and put forward his own views on mapping with different scales and different stratigraphic codes in different regions. He also increased his knowledge and got exercise.

Through long-term practice and thinking, he has accumulated some understanding of the nature of geological science research, and believes that geological processes and phenomena are the comprehensive manifestations of the multi-level and multi-stage interaction and reorganization of the earth and the interaction with related space stars. Therefore, it is necessary to organize more disciplines to conduct comprehensive research. He also emphasized the necessity of expanding the horizon of time and space, and believed that some geological processes and processes often hide some regularity and complexity phenomena in a limited time and space. Scientific research is a process of forming innovative understanding of the complexity of objective things through systematic observation, thinking and comprehensive analysis.

The larger scientific research project he organized is in the field of structural paleogeography mapping and stratigraphy, which has the characteristics of multi-discipline and cooperation between different units. He believes that the key to this kind of work lies in having clear academic ideas and the basic knowledge of participants, and in academic ideas, we should strive to be guided by dialectical materialism. Wang Hongzhen believes that the space-time of earth science should be based on the unity of opposites between the continuity and discontinuity of time and the uniformity and heterogeneity of space. The relative unity of time development and spatial differentiation of things is dominant, and a high degree of unity often exists in the consolidated basement with a long history. Therefore, under the premise of tectonic activity theory, his tectonic division pays special attention to the metamorphic basement formed in Precambrian stage. This idea also embodies the close combination of time and space and unified consideration.

Secondly, cooperation in the process of project implementation is also the key. Wang Hongzhen cherishes the unity of interpersonal relationships, and pays special attention to giving play to the spirit and advantages of young people's quick thinking and courage to explore. He believes that graduate students and young teachers should be affirmed by the mainstream, not limited, and should let go, guide, be strict and tolerant, so that they can be pragmatic and innovative. In the implementation of the project, he also attached great importance to the characteristics of thrift and style of study, and maintained the high efficiency of input and output.

Taking the paleogeographic mapping project led by Wang Hongzhen in 1980s as an example, he thinks that the main premise of compiling small-scale paleogeographic map is to establish regional tectonic framework, and combine with stratigraphy, paleontology, sedimentation, structure, magmatic rocks, Quaternary geology and other disciplines. In these disciplines, we should distinguish between primary and secondary and highlight the main contradictions. For example, geological structure is not only a comprehensive performance, but also the leading factor of geological processes and phenomena, which plays a qualitative and prescriptive role. In the contradiction between structural activity and stability, activity is the main aspect of the contradiction. Therefore, in the compilation of the legend, the activity degree of sedimentary (volcanic) combination is highlighted first. In the division of structural units, biota and basin types, it embodies the academic thought of taking structure as the leading factor. Therefore, the research results led by him have important influence at home and abroad. When a famous scholar from Taiwan Province Province visited China Geo University, the president gave him a copy of Lithofacies Paleogeography Atlas of China. He said excitedly, "This is a book I tried my best to get when I was in Taiwan Province Province. I am very happy and honored to get it today. "

Wang Hongzhen has been engaged in the research and teaching of geostrategy for a long time. He is concerned with the establishment of basic documents such as unified stratigraphic table and stratigraphic code, which play a long-term role in basic geological work such as geological map. Pay close attention to and participate in these aspects in academic activities at home and abroad, and report them in time. He believes that stratigraphic division, stratigraphic boundary and other issues have both theoretical significance and practical value. He opposes the single classification based on chronostratigraphic units in stratigraphic classification, and agrees with some American scholars that this concept has stagnated the development of American stratigraphy for decades. However, he also disagreed with the multiple stratigraphic division of equal magnitude. Instead, it combines theoretical analysis with practical needs, emphasizes the equal importance and connection between isochronism and regional heterogeneity, and puts forward classification opinions based on chronostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy. He has reservations about the mainstream theory of establishing stratigraphic boundaries and unifying chronostratigraphic tables in recent years-global standard profiles, points and procedures, and points out the shortcomings of this method from both material and practical aspects. In the special study of sequence stratigraphy organized by him in the 1990s, he emphasized the discussion of comprehensive stratigraphy and new generation stratigraphic table, which is a long-term goal around these two basic problems.

During this period, Wang Hongzhen used the new scanning technology of electron microscope to continue and deepen the research on coral skeleton, and made a comprehensive taxonomic evolution and biogeography on the basis of his early years and years of continuous search, which also made his early hypothesis basically recognized internationally. This process caused some of his feelings and thoughts. After his coral paper was published in the philosophy series of the Royal Society of London in 1950, from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s, the paleontological coral volumes of the United States, the Soviet Union and France were all introduced, but they all denied the originality of his two types of skeletal structural units, which was the core part of his classification basis. It was not until the appearance of scanning technology of electron microscope in 1970s that he and his assistant got a large amount of data in time, indicating that this structure not only exists in coral algae, but also is a common phenomenon in the bones of lower invertebrates. This process shows that technological progress plays an important supporting role in scientific research, and also shows that any innovation will encounter resistance from traditional viewpoints, and it takes long-term efforts to obtain a lot of convincing evidence.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) takes history as a mirror and carries forward the past.

As early as my student days, I was guided by China geological pioneers Li Siguang, Glip, Xie and Yang. Later, I engaged in teaching and learning with many geological predecessors for a long time. Therefore, he knew the development history of China's geological cause very early, and admired the contributions made by the predecessors in the geological field to the development of China's geological science and geological cause. 1986 was elected as the president of Geological Society of China Geological History Research Association. The first aspect of his study of geological history is to carry out international cooperation with colleagues on the basis of acquiring knowledge. He presided over the compilation of a Brief Geological History of China in English, which was distributed at the 28th International Geological Congress (1989) and obtained 1989. Editor-in-chief: Exchange of Geological Academic Thoughts between East and West (in English, 199 1), History of Geological Science Exchange between China and Foreign Countries (1992), Development of Geological Discipline in China (in English, 1996) and comparative planetology, Geological Education and Geological History. From 65438 to 0990, Wang Hongzhen was elected as the vice chairman of the Committee on the History of Geological Sciences of the International Union of Geosciences, and has made positive contributions to the exchange of geological sciences between China and foreign countries for more than ten years. The second aspect of his study of history is to advocate and follow the belief of "taking history as a mirror and carrying forward the past into the future" and attach importance to the study of geological figures. Since 1987, commemorative activities have been held for Ding Wenjiang, Zhang and other famous scholars, and the early history of geological undertakings in China (1990) and the development review of geological disciplines in China-Yuntao Sun have been edited. The third aspect of his academic history research is to closely cooperate with modern geoscience research and teaching, study the history of geological development in China and explore the history of disciplinary thought. Wang Hongzhen has always advocated: "We should not only carry forward China's ancient geoscience thought, but also study modern theory and the history of academic thought, explore the unique laws of academic development history, trace back the origin and origin of academics, evaluate gains and losses, and achieve' taking history as a mirror and connecting the past with the future'." In addition to the above monographs on the history of disciplines, he also edited and published the Collection of Geological Sciences in China in the 50th Anniversary of the Founding of New China in 1999. More than 50 experts and scholars from various geological disciplines have jointly written this monograph on the history of disciplines of about 500,000 words, which has comprehensively summarized, commented and prospected the research achievements, research experience, formation and development of major branches of geology in China, and has been widely praised. Now that Academician Wang Hongzhen is 90 years old, his thinking is still clear and his interests are still extensive. In recent years, he has also published special papers, some of which are written in sentences and notes. He is a diligent and far-sighted senior teacher and an example for us to learn. This year is Mr. Wang's 90th birthday. I wish Academician Wang Hongzhen good physical and mental health and long-term thinking.