The inevitable choice of development
By analyzing the problems faced by China in implementing the strategy of sustainable development
The foundation and advantages of developing circular economy show that circular economy is sustainable in China.
Inevitably choose and put forward the countermeasures to develop circular economy.
[Keywords:] The idea of sustainable development of circular economy must choose circular economy, which can be traced back to the 1960s and the circular economy.
There are two popular sayings about Ji: one is British environmental economist Pierce.
And R.K. Turner in his book Economics of Natural Resources and Environment (1990).
Put forward first; Second, the American economist Baldin's "spaceship theory" is
As an early representative of circular economy, he thinks that the earth is like a cosmic flight in space.
Ships must constantly consume their limited resources to survive. If resources are not properly developed,
Will go to destruction like a spaceship.
First, the connotation and principles of circular economy
Circular economy is the abbreviation of material closed-loop flow economy, which is essentially a kind of health.
The state-owned economy is an economy that integrates clean production and comprehensive utilization of waste.
It requires ecological laws to guide the economic activities of human society. From logistics
Looking at the dynamic direction, the economy of traditional industrial society is a linear economy with one-way flow.
Namely "resources → products → wastes"; The growth of linear economy depends on high intensity.
Exploitation and consumption of resources, while destroying the ecological environment with high intensity. Circular economy is one of them.
An economic development model that promotes the harmony between man and nature requires "reduction"
Quantization (Reduce), Reuse (reuse), recycling (Recycle) "is the social economy.
The code of conduct of economic activities, using ecological laws to organize economic activities into one.
The feedback process of "resources → products → renewable resources" realizes "low exploitation and high profit"
Use, low emissions ",in order to maximize the use of materials and energy entering the system, improve capital.
Source utilization rate, minimize pollutant emissions, improve the quality of economic operation and
Benefit.
"Reduction, reuse and recycling" is the most important practical operation principle of circular economy.
Then. The principle of reduction belongs to the input method, and its purpose is to reduce the entry into the production and consumption process.
Material quality, saving resources and reducing pollutant emissions from the source; Reuse the original
Is a process method, the purpose is to improve the use efficiency of products and services, to meet production requirements.
Products and packaging containers are used many times in the initial form to reduce the pollution of disposable products; and
The principle of recycling belongs to the export method, which requires the goods to be replaced again after completing the use function.
Biological resources. The importance of 3R principle in circular economy is not parallel, and the priority order is:
Reduce-reuse-recycle.
Second, developing circular economy is the fundamental way for China to achieve sustainable development.
1. Achieving the goal of sustainable development faces severe challenges.
China's per capita resources are few, and important resources have poor support for economic and social development.
Feet. The population is seriously overloaded, the new population is increasing, and with industrialization and urbanization,
With the advancement of the process, the per capita cultivated land area continues to decrease, and the pressure on grain production increases. one
The degree of protection of some mineral resources will further decline, several important bulk minerals will be in short supply for a long time, and the dependence on imports will gradually increase. China has now become the second largest mineral country in the world.
Big consumer and the third largest importer. The resource utilization efficiency is low, the environmental pollution is obvious and degraded.
It reduces the quality of our national economy. The energy efficiency of China is about 3 1.2%, which is higher than that of China.
The country is about 20 years behind, with a difference of about 10 percentage point. Because the life cycle of the product
Short, and only a small amount of harmless treatment after use, resulting in more serious environmental pollution.
Dyeing and economic loss.
2. The development mode of circular economy is the strategic choice for China to implement sustainable development.
The development model of circular economy is guided by the theory of sustainable development and has comprehensive indicators.
Look at development, pay attention to pollution prevention and waste recovery, and also pay attention to resources and energy.
Save, advocate fundamentally solving problems such as environmental pollution and resource shortage. This mold
The model can realize the coordination and unification of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits. In the traditional classics
In this mode of economic development, people unilaterally pursue material wealth, equating having material wealth with
Having happiness forms the view of material happiness. Under the guidance of this low-level concept of happiness,
The natural ecological environment has been seriously damaged and has not brought real happiness to mankind. spread
The proposal of economic theory means that the concept of material happiness obviously does not meet the requirements of the times and the economy is developing.
The exhibition needs to realize an ecological turn; Circular economy requires human beings to realize the transformation from material happiness view to material happiness view.
Changes in environmental happiness. Therefore, we must carry out in-depth publicity and education on sustainable development.
Change people's values, improve the moral consciousness of human natural ecological environment, and make it sustainable.
The concept of sustainable development has become people's practical actions.
3. Circular economy is the inevitable choice for China to take the road of new industrialization.
China proposed to take a new road of industrialization, and the circular economy should be synchronized with the traditional linear economy.
The comparative advantage is the characteristics of the new industrialization road: good economic benefits and high scientific and technological content.
High, low resource consumption, less environmental pollution, make full use of the advantages of human resources. Cyclic meridian
Economic activities should be organized as "resources-products-consumption-renewable resources".
The process of repeated circulation of materials is related to sustainable development from the perspective of long-term strategic development.
The goal of the exhibition is unified. Circular economy is not only a strategy, but also a sustainable development.
The concretization of the strategy provides concrete implementation steps and methods.
4. China has a good foundation for developing circular economy.
Since 1980s, China began to pay attention to the comprehensive utilization of waste from industrial and mining enterprises.
Starting from the idea of terminal treatment, we can save resources and control pollution through recycling.
Purpose. Since 2004, the National Development and Reform Commission has identified 42 companies.
17 enterprises, renewable resources recovery and other four key areas, the state and
13 industrial park, including provincial development zones, heavy chemical industry concentration zones and agricultural demonstration zones.
Resource-based and resource-poor cities involve old industrial bases in east, middle, west and northeast China.
10 provinces and cities, as the first batch of national circular economy pilot units.
Developing circular economy is an important means to maintain and improve international competitiveness.
China's economy has maintained high growth in the past few decades, and its products have been sold internationally.
One of the reasons for being competitive is that the total amount of high-quality resources left by ancestors can maintain this.
A kind of growth. However, the phenomenon of high energy consumption per unit product resource in China is still very serious.
Seriously, some places are even significantly higher than the level of other developing countries, with high ecological quality.
The total amount of the environment has dropped sharply. If we don't take the road of circular economy as soon as possible, then the capital
Source, ecological and environmental problems will inevitably lead to the increase of production costs, which will directly affect China's economy.
International competitiveness of economy. An important aspect of international competition in the future is the competition for resources. beautiful
China, German, Japanese and other developed countries are developing again in developing circular economy.
In front of China, their resource and energy utilization efficiency has been further improved, and efforts have been made to protect them.
Maintain and increase their own high-quality resources, ecology and environment.
Three. Countermeasures for Developing Circular Economy in China
1. Establishing a complete price system based on the total cost of resources is to develop circular economy.
Important content
Environmental resources and natural resources are the most important supports for the sustainable development of economy and society.
In the development and utilization of natural resources, China widely implements the subsidy system, and its price is only.
It reflects the cost of resource exploitation or acquisition, regardless of external factors brought by resource use.
Department costs and benefits; There is no incentive to recycle waste after resources are used.
Because it is not as cost-effective as buying newly mined resources, it also causes waste of resources.
Low efficiency, a lot of environmental pollution and the use of terminal processing methods to control these rings.
The high cost of environmental pollution. In this regard, we should gradually abolish the subsidy system and use the economic hand.
Duan makes the price of resources reflect its real ecological and economic value. If * * * has resources,
Every user is open, and unplanned use will lead to premature use, misuse and overuse.
Using resources, in order to prevent this from happening, we can levy property tax on users.
Therefore, according to the present situation and characteristics of environmental resources and natural resources utilization in China, only the establishment of
A complete price system based on the total cost of resources can be achieved through market mechanism and value.
The law enables the whole society to save resources, improve efficiency and make full use of resources.
Circular economy.
2. The combination of market mechanism and government intervention is the means to build circular economy.
The construction of circular economy is very complicated. Obviously, it is not enough to rely on government intervention for efficiency.
Low, using market mechanism is more efficient and better than using coercive means.
Brightness and less management cost. But the optimal allocation of resources is achieved through a completely free market.
Assuming that both parties to the transaction fully understand the direct influence and external influence, it is actually
In fact, it is impossible, so relying solely on the market mechanism will lead to "market failure", which is appropriate.
Government intervention will eliminate or reduce "market failure". Therefore, the construction of circular economy must
The combination of market mechanism and government intervention.
3. To develop circular economy, we should take corresponding countermeasures at different levels.
The implementation scope of circular economy can be divided into three levels, according to the stage of different levels.
In view of these characteristics, we should take the corresponding countermeasures of combining market mechanism with government intervention.
Implement cleaner production within the enterprise; Cleaner production embodies the 3R principle of circular economy,
It is the embodiment of circular economy in enterprises. Implementing eco-industry among enterprises; grow
State-owned industry is the concrete realization of circular economy at the enterprise community level and the construction of ecological industry.
The park will certainly promote the development of circular economy. The state should comprehensively apply laws in the whole society.
Legal, administrative and economic means, the Circular Economy Promotion Law will be implemented on June 5438+ 10, 2009.
Implement and improve the management system and price system of circular economy. The development of circular economy should be based on
Based on the socialist market economic system, comprehensive use of economic and administrative means.
Make the market the main body of allocating natural resources and environmental resources, and through indirect and direct
Then establish a complete price system. It is impossible to complete the practice at the source of development and utilization.
Full-price resources, by giving up their products or the use of resources during their products.
Things, the use of environmental taxes, refundable deposit system and other economic means indirectly.
Into the full price of the resource. You can use tax transfer and subsidy transfer, that is, maintain
The overall level of taxes and subsidies can only be maintained by adjusting the structure of taxes and subsidies.
Continuity of development.
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