The regional scope and nature of 1. 1

"Greater Beijing Area" is the capital circle of China. It is one of the four most developed industries and urban agglomerations in the coastal areas of China. The geographical scope includes Beijing and Tianjin, as well as Tangshan, Baoding, Langfang, Qinhuangdao, Zhangjiakou and Chengde in Hebei Province. Area 168700 square kilometers, existing population of 60.05 million, moderate urbanization level, urban population of 38%. 1999 gross domestic product (GDP) is 652 billion yuan, accounting for 7.96% of the country.

Beijing is the political center, scientific and technological center, cultural and educational center and financial center of China. Is rapidly growing into an international metropolis. Greater Beijing is the capital circle of China, and it is the window for the whole country, especially the vast northern region, to contact the world. In terms of industry, Beijing has close ties with Tianjin, Tangshan and surrounding cities, forming a strong industrial and circulation industry. Other cities have different positions and industrial divisions in the Greater Beijing metropolitan area. Beijing and Tianjin have their own advantages and strong complementarities with neighboring cities, forming a certain economic division of labor. At present, the economic situation at home and abroad has undergone tremendous changes, and the original division of labor and cooperation can no longer meet their own needs and the functions entrusted by the state. We must establish a more dynamic and comprehensive competitive economic system through reasonable structural adjustment. Improving traffic conditions is an important basis for realizing modernization and internationalization.

1.2 characteristics of transportation system in greater Beijing area

1.2. 1 Traffic location is extremely important.

Greater Beijing is located in the center of the national transportation network. Beijing is the national land and air transportation center, Tianjin is the external window and land and water transportation hub of northwest and north China, and Tianjin Port is the central port of the west coast port group around Bohai Sea. Qinhuangdao Port is an important energy export port and bulk cargo import and export port, and Huanghua Port and Jingtang Port under construction will also become important auxiliary ports. Beijing Airport and the port system on the west coast around Bohai Sea are the main windows and sea passages for the vast northern part of China to the world.

1.2.2 An integrated transportation network has taken shape.

This area has always been the key area of national transportation construction. After 50 years of vigorous construction, the comprehensive transportation network has begun to take shape, and it is one of the areas with the highest density of land transportation network in China. The level of land transportation facilities is relatively high, and railways and highways have formed a relatively developed network. It has become the area with the highest land network density in China. The mileage of railway trunk lines in this area is 575 1 km, accounting for 9.2% of the whole country. The density of railway network is 2.67 kilometers per 100 square kilometers, which is 4. 1 times of the national average. Ten thousand people own 0.66 kilometers of railways, which is 3 1% higher than the national average. The road network in this area has begun to take shape. It is the most densely populated area of national highways, and the 14 national highway starts from the cities in this area. 1998 * * There are 74,096 kilometers of highways. It accounts for 5.8% of the country. The density of highway network is 34.4 km/100 km, which is 2.6 times that of the whole country and 8.5 km per 10,000 people, which is lower than the national average.

1.2.3 The comprehensive transportation network takes Beijing as the main center (land and air) and Tianjin as the sub-center (land and water).

The railway trunk network, national trunk network and aviation network with two centers as the main body are dense. On the basis of the developed constant-speed traffic network, a high-speed traffic network-expressway, high-speed railway and aviation network is rapidly forming. Expressway construction has advanced by leaps and bounds. By the beginning of 2000, six expressways had been built, and four expressways were under construction and had been initially connected. Most cities and counties in Hebei province around Beijing and Tianjin are located on both sides of various trunk lines, and the contact with Beijing is mostly convenient. The characteristics of the network are radial with the capital as the center, which is different from the square format in many parts of China. This distribution pattern is very conducive to the direct contact between the capital, provinces and regions and all parts of the country. But it also brings the disadvantages that transit transportation must pass through urban or suburban areas. With the development of economy, the communication between regions is becoming more and more active, and the passenger and freight volume is getting bigger and bigger, which interferes with each other and needs to be improved.

1.3 main problems in regional traffic layout

1.3. 1 The modernization level of the comprehensive transportation network needs to be improved.

First of all, there is still a big gap between the development of transportation network and the level of modernization. Although the comprehensive transportation network in the northern area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has begun to take shape and belongs to the most developed area in China, compared with developed metropolitan areas abroad, the number of transportation facilities in this area is insufficient and the technical level is low, which cannot meet the needs of economic internationalization and the construction of developed urban systems. Secondly, there are defects in the overall layout of the transportation network. The main problem is that railways and highways are radial with Beijing as the center, which leads to inconvenience and mutual interference in inter-regional transit transportation. In particular, the internal and external exchanges between Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and the Yellow River, the Yangtze River basin and the southeast coastal areas-passenger and cargo exchanges-all have to pass through the Beijing hub or Tianjin hub, bringing a lot of transit transportation to the two cities, and internal and external traffic interference has become a serious problem. It is more and more urgent to build various shunt lines. Furthermore, there are many problems in the division of labor and cooperation between Beijing and Tianjin, which need to be improved. For example, Beijing Capital Airport and Tianjin Zhang Gui Zhuang Airport are busy and idle unevenly, and the capacity of Zhang Gui Zhuang Airport has not been fully utilized. In addition, the construction and development of coastal ports need coordination.

1.3.2 BRT system construction is still in its infancy.

The construction of high-speed traffic network in this area is still in its infancy. Expressway construction progress is relatively fast, but the area has not yet been networked, and some routes need to be carefully studied. The high-speed rail has been delayed, and it is urgent to speed up. The ninth five-year plan of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway failed to start due to disputes. Now included in the Tenth Five-Year Plan, it should be built as soon as possible. This is the urgent requirement of China's current traffic development, especially the passenger transport between cities in developed coastal areas. It is especially important for connecting Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan area and Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou metropolitan area. In addition, the division of labor between high-speed railway and expressway needs to be studied as soon as possible to foresee their division of labor. In the process of developing Beijing into a modern metropolitan area, traffic construction has a long way to go.

1.3.3 The intercity transportation network is underdeveloped.

The transportation network and connection between cities is a part of the comprehensive transportation system, but it has not attracted enough attention. At present, most transportation links between many cities cannot fully meet the requirements of fast, convenient, safe and economical passenger and freight transportation. The mode of transportation between big cities is single, the level of management and service is not high, and passenger and cargo transportation lacks choice and necessary competition.

1.3.4 There is a lack of coordination between the traffic construction layout and the urban system construction.

Mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, the lack of traffic channels to guide the development of small and medium-sized cities. Secondly, the traffic in the suburbs of big cities is single, basically relying on buses, and most of the suburban trains of the former national railway have stopped or shrunk. For example, the role of suburban trains from Tianjin to Tanggu, Beijing to Nankou, Fengtai and Tongxian has obviously shrunk. Light rail transit has been neglected for a long time, resulting in the slow development of many satellite cities, industrial zones and development zones far away from urban areas, and residents are unwilling to move out. Poor traffic is one of the main reasons that hinder the development of satellite cities. This phenomenon runs counter to the traffic development direction of metropolitan areas in developed countries. In addition, at present, the layout of all kinds of new traffic stations and lines in cities is mostly studied separately, lacking coordination. The most prominent example is that Beijing West Railway Station has not adopted the modernization plan of closely combining the national railway with subway and other rail transit. Beijing subway lacks cooperation with ground transportation stations and bus hubs.

The development of urban system is closely related to traffic network. Looking at the transportation network in this area from this angle, we can find many problems. Hebei and Tianjin put forward many important issues that need to be coordinated with each other in their reports, most of which are traffic problems, which are summarized here.