After investigation, it is found that there are three main psychological obstacles for college students when they face employment: First, cognitive obstacles. Including the uncertain employment situation, too low or too high expectations for future work, inability to scientifically choose occupations, types of work and employment fields, and unclear understanding of their own abilities and qualities; The second is emotional disorder. Including anxiety, impatience, depression, fear and so on. The third is interpersonal barriers. Including cowardice, indifference, poor interpersonal skills, and even social fear. Among them, poor interpersonal skills is an important problem among college graduates. Many college students are not good at interpersonal communication because of personality factors or lack of exercise, which often leads to social fear, which leads to more unfamiliar interpersonal communication and a vicious circle. Only 16.7% of the respondents believe that poor interpersonal skills are the factors that cause employment difficulties, and college students' understanding of interpersonal skills is not in place. According to the statistics of the answers to related questions, only about half of the students have the consciousness and tendency of interpersonal communication.

There are many reasons why college graduates have these psychological pressures and obstacles, but from the perspective of college students themselves, ideological understanding and values are the most important sources:

First, influenced by various social thoughts such as money worship, utilitarianism and pragmatism, college students generally look at everything around them, including employment, from the perspective of self-development and self-enjoyment. Many students regard being a student cadre, joining the Party, evaluating the advanced and interacting with others as a means to realize their personal interests, and their ideals and beliefs are indifferent and they lack great ambitions.

Second, we have a one-sided understanding of social problems, such as unbalanced economic development between the mainland and coastal areas, unfair social distribution, disparity between the rich and the poor, social security, economic development in rural areas, especially in poverty-stricken areas, loss of state-owned enterprises and laid-off workers, enrollment expansion and employment difficulties in colleges and universities for several years in a row, and so on. We can't analyze and treat them dialectically, which is easy to produce radical and impetuous psychology.

Third, the employment psychology is unstable and generally in a state of irritability. "Depression" is a buzzword for college graduates. In fact, depression is synonymous with anxiety in psychology. Everyone will be anxious when they encounter employment pressure. Stress, psychological quality, family structure and social support system will all affect the anxiety index. The most prominent problem of graduates is goal anxiety, that is, whether reality can meet psychological expectations. In college life, some college students may have serious psychological barriers to employment because of excessive study pressure, frustrated personal feelings, unbalanced interpersonal relationship, too introverted personality, less social interaction, strong inferiority complex, serious physical illness, serious mental illness, changing departments, dropping out of school, demotion or recent punishment. All these will have a great impact on the cultivation of their healthy employment psychology, resulting in their incomplete personality, poor adaptability and frustration tolerance, and forming a greater psychological obstacle to employment.

The key and method to relieve the psychological pressure of employment

The reasons for college students' excessive psychological pressure in employment come from society, schools, families and themselves, but it is the key to do a good job of psychological counseling for college students and strengthen their psychological quality.

First, carefully guide students to establish a correct outlook on life and values. Although this is a commonplace topic, the more critical it is, the more important it becomes. When college students make important choices on the road of life, they must first solve the problems of "why do people live" and "how to spend their lives is meaningful". At present, young people's values are diversified. College students should pay more attention to evaluating their own value orientation, consciously carry out self-education, form and develop their own outlook on life and values, organically combine social development, the future of the motherland and personal destiny, see their own life value and significance in the process of serving and contributing to the motherland, cultivate their sense of social responsibility and historical mission, and establish correct values and outlook on life. At the same time, we should deal with the relationship between material needs and spiritual pursuit, physical satisfaction and psychological pleasure, and build a healthy spiritual home.

Second, teach students to keep learning and improve their quality. It is the basic truth and the fundamental way out for college students to remain invincible in the fierce employment competition, avoid the psychological pressure of employment, and constantly study, study hard, self-discipline and improve themselves. First of all, we should strengthen professional learning. Professional quality is the key to the comprehensive quality of college students. Enriching professional knowledge and broadening professional horizons is the main task of college students' study, and it is the basic guarantee and foundation for college students' employment and job selection, and even for their foothold and service to society. Facts show that students with good professional quality are easily favored by society, while students with poor professional quality are often eliminated by society. Secondly, we should cultivate good emotional intelligence. Emotional quotient is an organic combination of some non-intellectual factors, including people's emotional characteristics, temperament types, personality characteristics, hobbies, moral qualities and so on. Personality characteristics and emotional quality are the main factors. The third is to improve practical ability. In view of the fact that colleges and universities attach importance to theoretical knowledge learning and neglect the cultivation of practical ability, college students should actively go out of school and enter the society, carry out social surveys, strengthen social communication, enrich social knowledge and improve practical ability.

Third, patiently guide students to relax and learn to adjust. Psychological adjustment is a necessary means and method to relieve the psychological pressure of employment. The psychological adjustment of college students' employment is mainly reflected in the adjustment of employment emotion and employment behavior. First of all, we should adjust employment cognition and establish a scientific view of employment. To recognize the employment situation and their own advantages, college graduates should recognize the employment situation and evaluate their talents correctly and reasonably, without narcissism or over-positioning, so that they will not aim too high when applying for jobs. Looking at another mountain from one mountain, the difficulty will make it low, the employment threshold will be artificially raised, it will be difficult to find a foothold in society, and there will be no great pressure on job hunting. Secondly, we should adjust the employment mentality and overcome bad emotions. Overcoming anxiety, nervousness, inferiority, fear and other bad employment emotions and maintaining firm, peaceful, positive and optimistic employment emotions are very important for college students to relieve their psychological pressure on employment. Third, adjust the employment strategy and plan the occupation reasonably. College students should actively plan their personal career from the day they enter the university, and make clear their learning goals, career goals and life goals; Make a feasible study plan and master effective study methods; At the same time, we should understand some national policies on college students' employment and collect relevant employment information extensively to lay the foundation for employment.

College graduates are facing a severe employment situation, and anxiety is inevitable. Teachers and parents should be tolerant and understand this. Schools should strengthen the ideological and political work of graduates, attach importance to the psychological consultation and guidance of graduates in employment, do a good job of in-depth and meticulous counseling, resolve and reduce the psychological burden of students in employment, guide and help them establish a correct concept of employment, improve their working ability with positive self-suggestion and active and serious study, and take the first step towards society. (Zhao Jing/China Renmin University Personnel Office)