The new green among the branches is heavy,
Xiao Lei (not deep) hides a little red.
Cherish your heart, don't spit lightly.
Teach peaches and plums to make spring breeze.
Yuan Haowen
Yuan Haowen, a native of Yishan, is called Mr. Yishan. Born on the eighth day of July in the first year of Mingchang, Jin Zhangzong, he died on the fourth day of September in the seventh year of Mengge, Yuan Xianzong. Taiyuan Xiurong (now Xinzhou, Shanxi) was born in Han Yan Village. Many years ago, he was the most accomplished writer and historian of Jin Dynasty in China, the main representative of northern literature during the confrontation between Song and Jin Dynasties, and the bridge between Jin and Yuan Dynasties in literature.
Yuan Haowen was born in an official family and has a scholarly family for generations. His ancestors used to be Tuoba, the royal family of Xianbei in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and later moved to Luoyang from Pingcheng (now Datong) with Emperor Xiaowen of Wei, and changed his surname to Yuan in the reform of localization of Emperor Xiaowen. After the death of the Northern Wei Dynasty, he settled in Ruzhou (now Linru County, Henan Province). After the Five Dynasties, he moved from Henan to Pingding Prefecture (now Pingding County, Shanxi Province). Yuan Yi, his great-great grandfather, was the envoy of SHEN WOO (Tiger) in Xinzhou during the Xuanhe period in Hui Zong in the late North. Great-grandfather Yuan Chun (Zuo Chunren) was appointed as Yong Lian's ambassador of Xizhou (today's Xi County, Shanxi Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty, and moved from Pingding to Xinzhou, so he became a Xinzhou native. My grandfather, Yuan Zishan, worked as a teacher in Wang Zhenglong for two years in Hailing of Jin Dynasty (near Tuoketuo, Tumd Right Banner, Inner Mongolia). Father Yuan Deming failed in the imperial examination many times, taking teaching rural studies as his career, and entertaining himself with poetry and wine at ordinary times, and writing Dong Yan Ji.
Seven months after Yuan Haowen was born, he adopted his second uncle, Ge Yuan, who was a county magistrate (Yuan Haowen later called him Longcheng Fujun).
Yuan Haowen lived in an era when the Jin and Yuan Dynasties rose and fell, and the Jin Dynasty was destroyed by Mongolia, which was originally a metal country. After its rise, it conquered all directions and destroyed the state of Jin. In such a turbulent social environment, Yuan Haowen also experienced the pain of national destruction and displacement. Generally speaking, his life can be divided into several stages: before 2 1 year-old, he lived a comfortable life as a student and a playboy. In the past 20 years, he followed his stepfather Ge Yuan to the county magistrate posts in Shandong, Hebei, Shaanxi and Gansu. On the one hand, he received a good education and showed his literary talent very early. At the age of eight, he gained the reputation of "prodigy" for his poetry. Although I didn't get the title of senior three when I took the imperial examination for the first time, I made great progress in my knowledge because I met many celebrities and laid a solid foundation for writing poems. Wang Zhongli of Taiyuan (word Tomson), Tu Luduo of Hanlin (word Xuanshu) and Hao Tianting of the famous Confucian (word Jin Qing) all contributed to Yuan Haowen. On the other hand, Yuan Haowen developed the bad habit of drinking because of the abundance of material life and the frustration in the examination room. From the age of 22 to 35, Yuan Haowen was frustrated many times, suffered from war and family destruction, fled from Shanxi to Henan, and gradually settled in western Henan. During this period, he tasted the pain and hardship of life. However, by taking the imperial examination in the capital of song dynasty, he was able to make friends with famous Korean figures such as Zhao Bingwen, Yang, Li Yan, etc. Not only did he give incisive guidance in his study, but his poetry also made great progress, which also laid an important foundation for his future career promotion. From being elected to the Imperial Academy at the age of 35 to being captured by Mongolian soldiers in Bianjing City in the second year when Jin Aizong Yan Yan kept Xu Tianxing, his official career finally ended. During this period, because he was dissatisfied with the cold official life of the history museum, he quickly resigned and returned to his hometown in Dengfeng, western Henan. Later, he was recommended as the county magistrate of Zhenping, Neixiang and Nanyang, and later transferred to the magistrate of Shangshu Province, and moved to Bianjing, living a nightmare life such as the siege of Mongolia, the rebellion of Cui Li, the fall of Bianjing City, the starvation of prisoners, bloodshed and tears, and where to go. Tianxing was captured by Mongolian soldiers in April of the second year and sent to Liaocheng for house arrest. In August, the tenth year of Yuan Taizong Wokuotai, he ended his detention at the age of 49. As a prisoner, he traveled with his family between Liaocheng and Guanshi, Shandong Province, and gradually got in touch with Yan Yan, Zhao Tianxi and other Mongolian Han army leaders, and his life gradually improved. During this period, he was saddened by the downfall of the State of Jin and the traitors' mistakes in the country, and in order to preserve history with poetry, he tirelessly edited the Collection of Poems of the Late Monarch and Minister of the State of Jin-Zhongzhou Collection. In the name of "Zhongzhou" collection, it implies the deep meaning of remembering the old country and taking gold as orthodoxy. From Wokuotai's return to his hometown Xinzhou at the age of 50 in the autumn of the 11th year to his death at the age of 68 on the fourth day of September in the 7th year of Mengge, it was the period when his adherents failed to be officials and sought relevant information for compiling the History of Jin. During this period, he made more friends and wrote more poems and articles, and his attitude towards Mongolia gradually changed.
Yuan Haowen is a talented and versatile writer. He had no evidence or recorded legends about all literary forms at that time, except Jin and other traditional operas, such as poems, words, songs, fu, novels, traditional theories, memories, expressions, sparse, monuments, inscriptions, eulogies, aspirations, preface, quotations, eulogies, books and stories.
The main features of Yuan Haowen's works are true content, sincere feelings and beautiful language. His contemporaries and descendants spoke highly of his poems. His friend Xu Shilong said: "As a poem, everyone has considerable statutes, and the essence of style is a change. Li and Du, the ancestors of Daguai's landscape poems, have profound statutes and are bold and unconstrained. Literati, such as Korea and Europe, are fair and clear, full of wonders and obscure words; Yuefu is fresh and frustrated, carefree and bright, and the system is the most prepared. It is also possible to change the vulgarity into elegance, so that the predecessors will not pass it on, and Dongpo and Jiaxuan will not smell it. " His other friend Ye Li even praised him as "the back of Li Er (Li Bai and Li Yong)". Comment on Yuan Haowen's Collection of Yishan, the General Catalogue of Si Ku Quan Shu: "A good questioner is a scholar, and the Jin and Yuan dynasties are as tall as a big piece. The collection of Zhongzhou written by him is intended to preserve history with poetry, but it is not enough. Do it yourself, with profound image and high style. There is no habit of crossing the rivers and lakes in the Southern Song Dynasty, and there is no mistake in Jiangxi's rude deduction. When it comes to ancient prose, the rope is tight, everyone is prepared, and the inscription is particularly powerful. "
Yuan Haowen is also a brilliant literary theorist, including Three Poems, Thirty Poems, Langzhong Paper with Zhang Zhongjie, and Postscript of School Series. , brilliantly commented on the gains and losses of ancient poets' poetry school. He also advocated "sincerity" and "emotion" in writing poetry, and put forward many technical principles in writing, such as opposing blunt and obscure allusions and "accumulating strength for a long time" in learning, which are the crystallization of his decades of personal practice and have practical guiding significance.
Yuan Haowen is a local official, conscientious, concerned about the rise and fall of the country and the sufferings of people's livelihood, so he has a high reputation. When he recalled zhenping county's order, it was the Lantern Festival, and the people, old and young, were reluctant to part with him and raised their glasses to say goodbye. When Neixiang County took office, it was in exile and the border was peaceful. Therefore, when he ousted his mother for three years according to traditional etiquette, he was praised by "officials and people": "Yuan Hao asked Lao Fu to be in exile, conforming to history and not being a poet." When he was appointed as Nanyang county magistrate, he won a three-year tax reduction for the local area, developed production and made it possible to recuperate. Therefore, Henan local chronicles said that he "knows Nanyang County and is especially good at governance". "Nanyang County Records" records: "Nanyang County has more than 100,000 soldiers and civilians. (Yuan Haowen) Shuai Fu ordered the town governor, which is very powerful."
Yuan Haowen witnessed the decline of the Jin Dynasty and the whole process of Mongolia's elimination of gold, and he has been in politics for many years. He has a strong sense of social responsibility of worrying about the country and the people, which makes him always pay attention to the fate of Jin State and the preservation of historical sites. On the eve of Jin Ru's downfall, he suggested to politicians to write a history of Jin Dynasty in Jurchen fine print, but failed to do so, so he privately compiled Miscellanies of Renchen. After Jin's death, he was determined to compile a history of Jin with his own strength and paid a heavy price for it, with the patriotic belief that "the national history must die". He refused to be an official in Mongolia to show his believer status and loyalty to the motherland. However, in order to write the golden history, I had to meet the middle and upper-level officials who went to Mongolia to get their assistance and necessary information; Because of this, many people don't understand him, "vilify him, laugh at her and insult her, insult her children and grandchildren." In order to fulfill his ambition of compiling the Golden History, Yuan Haowen endured humiliation for more than 20 years until his death. In order to compile the Golden History, he built a "unofficial history Pavilion" in his yard as a place for storing relevant materials and editing. After years of running around, he accumulated millions of words of information about the last words of rulers and ministers, which was later called "Records of Words and Actions of Rulers and Ministers in Jin and Yuan Dynasties". With the aim of "preserving history with poetry", the collection of Zhongzhou was edited. This is a collection of poems in the Jin Dynasty, which not only includes the poems of poets who died or did not work in Mongolian areas in the Jin Dynasty, including two emperors, ministers and even ordinary people in clothes in the Jin Dynasty, but also wrote biographies for more than * * * people of each author, filling the gap in the history of China literature. Wenzhuan was written on this basis, and the later Book of the Whole Jin was naturally supplemented on this basis. At the same time, The Story of Zhongzhou also provides rich materials for the history of the Jin Dynasty. Unfortunately, just when he confidently said that it only took him three months to consult and copy the relevant contents in the Book of the Golden History, he could start writing the book of the Golden History, but one of his friends got in the way and failed to see the record of the Book of the Golden History in Zhang Rou, a Mongolian household and leader of the Han army, which made him regret it. Although Yuan Haowen failed to realize his wish to compile the Golden History before his death, the materials he collected provided a lot of first-hand materials for compiling the Song, Liao and Jin history of the Yuan Dynasty and even the Yuan history of the Ming Dynasty, especially laid the foundation for compiling the Golden History. Yuan Haowen respected historical facts, was unconventional and straightforward, so later scholars agreed that Jin Shi was closely related to Yuan Haowen, and The General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu was called "many books he wrote". Yuan Haowen's practice of revising the history of national subjugation was also imitated by later generations. For example, Wan Sitong, an old man in the Ming Dynasty, refused the recruitment of the learned Ying Qinghong Ci Department and resolutely refused the title of editor of Qipin Salary given by the Qing Dynasty. Instead, he participated in the compilation of Ming history as a "cloth". In the third year (1998), the Qing History Museum was established, and many Qing history veterans participated in the compilation of the draft of Qing history as newspaper owners.
Yuan Haowen attaches great importance to protecting talents and likes to reward those who are behind. In April of the second year of Aizong, when Mongolian soldiers invaded Bianjing, Yuan Haowen recommended 54 scholars from the Central Plains, including Wang E, Wang E, Wang Gao Ming, Li Zhi, Liu Qi, Du, Zhang Zhongjing and Shang Ting. Go to Yelu Chucai, who was then the secretariat of Mongolia, and invite him. However, he educated or instructed many famous literary artists, such as Hao Jing, Wang Yun, Xu Yuan, Wang Silian, Meng Qi, Hao Jixian and Yan Fu. In particular, his story of protecting and educating Bai Pu has always been a much-told story in the literary world. The reason why Bai Pu later became one of the four masters of Yuan Qu, Wang Bowen, who prefaced Bai Pu's "The Collection of Teana", believed that this was inseparable from Yuan Haowen's teaching: "Who is the famous Yuefu after staying in the mountain? The residual paste remains fragrant and turns evil, which is also seen in Tai Su's (Baipu Ci). However, the person who inherited this mountain does not belong to Tai Su, but belongs to Xi! "
Yuan Haowen's attitude towards Mongolia experienced a process of contradictory changes. He was saddened by the destruction of the State of Jin by Mongolia, and hated the surrender of Cui Li, the marshal on the west side of Bianjing in the second year of Aizong Tianxing, to Mongolia and the concubines and ministers of the Jin Dynasty. However, it cannot be completely denied that Cui Li's surrender opened the door to convenience and objectively saved the lives of millions of people in Bianjing. Therefore, he was forced to take part in the important activity of erecting a meritorious monument for Cui Li, which was also an important excuse for him to be ridiculed by others. At the turn of Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Yuan Haowen's thought was very painful and contradictory. On the one hand, he felt sad for the peace and chaos of the rulers and hoped for a new situation of getting rid of the old cloth. Seeing that the ruler was doomed by Mongolia, he recommended 54 books on evolution of the ruler to Mongolia, a "reform dynasty". For those old ministers of the Jin Dynasty who surrendered to Mongolia, such as Yeluchucai, Zhang Sang, Yan Zhang and Zhao Tianxi, as long as they did some good deeds, he could forgive them. He has lived in Mongolia for twenty-four or five years. Through years of observation, his views on Mongolia have gradually changed. He expressed his appreciation for the Central Plains Han people who went to Mongolia as officials, such as Zhang Rou and Yan Zhang, and thought that they could promote culture and education and stabilize people's lives. In particular, I am very grateful to the wise Mongolian king Kublai Khan for attaching importance to Confucianism, developing schools and implementing policies that are more conducive to economic and cultural development; I especially admire and praise Kublai Khan for defeating local forces in Yunnan, canceling half of the state and restoring the brilliant achievements of Han, Tang and old Xinjiang. So he gradually regarded Mongolia as a unified country that he was proud of, just like Han and Tang Dynasties. In his seven-character poem "Liu Shiju Restrains Yunnan", he directly called Mongolia a "Han family": "The mountains in Yunnan are high and the sky is high, and the Han family thunders against the wall. Kyushu is more Kyushu than Kyushu, and the sea color reflects the South Pole. " Gradually, Yuan Haowen also regarded himself as a Mongolian subject, and the opposing feelings gradually disappeared. It is on this premise that 63-year-old Yuan Haowen and his friend Zhang Dehui went north to visit Kublai Khan and asked him to be a master of Confucianism. Kublai Khan readily accepted. They also proposed to exempt Confucian soldiers from paying taxes, and Kublai Khan agreed.
Yuan Haowen is versatile. In addition to being good at poetry and politics, he is also good at calendar calculation, medicine, calligraphy and painting appreciation, calligraphy, Buddhism and Taoism. His friends are all over the world, including famous ministers, nobles and princes, as well as ordinary painters, hermits, doctors, monks, scholars and farmers. According to some studies, more than one person has written evidence.
Yuan was inquisitive, knowledgeable, and rich in writings. After the introduction, he was honest and upright as an official, especially in the literary world of Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Even in the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were few people who could compare with him. He was honored as a "master of the generation" and "master of the generation" by students, teachers and friends. It is believed that his works have been handed down to this day: one more poem, one more word, six Sanqu, one more prose, four volumes of novels, Zhongzhou anthology 10, and Tang Poetry Advocacy 10. In addition, there are many lost works: Golden Rooster, Dongpo Poetry, Du Shi Lun, Poetry and Self-policing, Miscellaneous Compilation of People and Ministers, Records of Jin Dynasty's Words and Actions, Nanguan Record, Ji Jianfang, Gu and so on.
Yuan Haowen has four sons and five daughters. The eldest son, the word uncle, the official to Yuan is Ruzhou; The second son Yuan Zhen, the word Shu Kai, Taiyuan Daofu; Three sons in charge, uncle word in the province. Another son, nicknamed Asin, died young. Yan Yuan, the second middle school girl, became a female Taoist.