Parkinson's disease is caused by cell death or loss of function of a kind of dopaminergic neurons. These cells are responsible for producing a neurotransmitter called dopamine and regulating muscle movement and coordination through signal transmission between neurons. When dopamine neurons die or lose their function, the brain will have problems in controlling muscles, which will lead to the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

At present, it is not clear why dopamine neurons die or lose their function. Some people think that this may be related to genes, environmental factors, oxidative damage, mitochondrial damage and other factors. In addition, some drugs and poisons are also considered as one of the causes of Parkinson's disease.

In a word, the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is very complicated and has not been fully understood at present. However, medical treatment and surgical treatment can help patients relieve symptoms and improve their quality of life.