From the formal point of view, the metaphors in "Encouraging Learning" are dexterous and diverse, and they are used freely. Explain the point of view, demonstrate the truth, and there are some positive metaphors ("the accumulation of soil makes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; There are also some negative metaphors ("If you don't accumulate good deeds, you can't go to Wan Li Road;" If you don't accumulate small streams, you can't make rivers and seas "); Some metaphors are used alone, while others are used continuously. Some of the same kind are juxtaposed, and some are positive and negative; Some only use metaphors to imply truth, while others first use metaphors to lead to the truth to be said. In a word, there is no need to spread brocade and embroidery. Therefore, although this article has many metaphors, it does not feel stagnant and rigid. On the contrary, with the constant transformation and full development of metaphor, neat and changeable sentence patterns are formed, which makes the article look patchy and full of vitality.
Xunzi's article is known as "the great achievement of hundred schools of thought", which is developed and reasoned thoroughly; The writing is concise, concise and tasteful; There are many aphorisms, and they are chewy.
At the beginning of "Persuading to Learn", people are clearly warned that "learning is not enough", which means that learning should be persistent and not abandoned halfway. He said: "Green comes from blue, and green is blue; Ice and water are
It is colder than water. "It means that cyan dye is extracted from blue dye, but it is darker than blue; Ice condenses when it is cooled by water, but it is colder than water. get through
Learning from the knowledge accumulated by predecessors, being knowledgeable and thoughtful, summing up and refining will certainly surpass our predecessors and catch up with them. He added: "I have been thinking all day, so it is best to learn what I have learned in a flash."
I've tasted all my limbs and I'm looking forward to it. I might as well learn from it. Climb a trick, the arm does not lengthen, but the person you see is far away; Call with the wind, the sound does not add disease, but the listener is obvious. Cheating horses is not good enough.
Yes A thousand miles; Those who bow their heads on fake boats can't swim, but they will never reach the river. "It means that with knowledge, you can stand tall and see far, just like crossing Wan Li Road with chariots and horses and crossing the river with paddles.
Xunzi believes that the effectiveness of learning comes from hard accumulation. "Accumulated soil is a mountain, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born. Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared. Therefore, you can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river. You can't jump ten paces, but you can't help it. Wedge and don't give up, rotten wood can't be carved, and wedge can't be carved. " Only when the soil piles up into mountains can the wind and rain rise from there; Mosquitosaurus can only grow if the water drops merge into the ocean; Only by accumulating goodness can we be complacent and have a sacred heart. Therefore, only by walking step by step can we reach our destination; Only a trickle can make thousands of waves. A good horse like Miracle can't jump ten steps, and the effect is that the horse won't give up after ten steps. Stop carving with a knife, you can't carve rotten wood; If you insist on carving, even hard metal and jade can be carved successfully.
Xunzi believes that learning should be absorbed, not eager for success. For example, he said: "Earthworms don't have the advantages of slaves, and their bones and muscles are strong. They concentrate on eating land and drinking yellow water. " The crab kneels six times and stings twice. It's not that the snake's nest has no sustenance, it's also anxiety. "Although earthworms have no claws, teeth, tendons and bones, they can eat dirt and drink yellow water because they are single-minded; Crab has eight legs and two pliers, but because of impatience, it can only live in a snake's hole. Gou Zi finally pointed out: "People with ulterior motives have no bright future; "People without hatred are worthless." Without silence and sincerity, without hard work, we can't tell right from wrong, and there will be no brilliant and excellent results.
Xunzi also emphasized applying what he had learned. He said: "If you don't smell it, you don't have to smell it; Smell it, not see it; See it, don't know it; I know, if I don't do it, I will learn to do it. "
It means that learning itself has a wide connotation, and there should be four essentials: listening, watching, knowing and doing. Only by applying what you have learned and putting it into practice can you achieve the purpose of learning. Xun
Zi also particularly emphasized "learning from Mo to be close to the people" and "long ceremony", being close to mentors and friends, being honest and prudent, and paying attention to moral cultivation, so as to achieve "power can't be tilted, people can't move, and the world can't swing". Only the all-essence, all-essence morality can make a noble person.
Xunzi's "Encouraging Learning" is a famous article about learning. This article repeatedly expounds the importance, purpose, attitude and method of learning, emphasizing that learning is human thinking and understanding.
An important condition for understanding things is that only through learning can we increase our talents, improve ourselves and surpass our predecessors, and achieve hector's achievements. In the books Perseverance and Step Without Accumulation,
"Nothing goes to the Three Treasures Hall" and the evolved phrase "shine on you is better than blue" became the motto of later generations.