1. Sports injuries in physical education teaching
(1) Lack of sports knowledge. Basketball, football and other sports forms have certain antagonism, so it is necessary to master the necessary safety knowledge when carrying out related sports so as not to hurt students or others. However, in physical education teaching, many teachers can't explain the risks and precautions in sports to students, and students still carry out sports activities at will, so that students will inevitably have conflicts and even cause certain injuries because they are competitive.
(2) objective reasons such as teaching materials and venues. At present, the knowledge in many textbooks is relatively old, which is very unfavorable for teachers to organize students to study sports theory, and teachers will also be unable to arrange teaching plans according to the textbooks. In addition, outdated teaching materials will also have a certain impact on technical movements and other aspects, resulting in students being unable to use the correct methods in sports and causing sports injuries; In addition, in the arrangement of venues, many physical education teaching venues are not up to standard, and students often cause sports injuries because of venue problems when exercising.
2. Sports injuries in sports competitions and training.
Although competitive sports and school sports are different in methods and purposes, their fitness and entertainment functions still bring good reference to school sports and make them occupy an important proportion in campus sports. Students may also cause sports injuries when they participate in school training or competitions. Competitive sports are generally divided into two categories, one focuses on skills and the other focuses on confrontation. In technical events, students may be injured mainly because they can't correctly estimate their own strength when participating in the competition, and challenge the competition difficulty beyond their own strength during the competition, thus causing sports injuries. Accidents during the competition are also one of the situations that lead students to participate in technical competitions. In antagonistic events, sports injuries mainly come from the fierce competition between the two sides, resulting in corresponding injuries to students. In antagonistic sports, fouls may also occur. One side fouls in order to stop the other side's attack or not understand the rules of the game, which will cause harm to the other side. Antagonistic competition requires both sides to abide by the rules of the game, avoid fouls and adjust their emotions. Friendship first, competition second.
3. Sports injuries in extracurricular sports activities
The so-called extracurricular activities mainly refer to students' own sports activities. For example, students often play basketball in groups of three or five at school, or organize a group of golfers to play football, which may cause extracurricular sports injuries. After all, physical education class's class hours are limited, and he can't fully meet the students' requirements for physical education in class. Extracurricular sports activities are the practice and supplement of the sports knowledge learned in class, which is of great help to students' physical quality and sports ability. However, due to the lack of teachers' guidance and improper maintenance of places and facilities after class, students are hurt to some extent when they engage in sports activities. Therefore, schools need to maintain relevant places and facilities in time to provide necessary protection for students to carry out sports activities.
4. Sports injuries caused by sports fans in club practice.
There are many students who love sports in the school. For these students, physical education class is far from meeting their requirements, so they will set up corresponding interest clubs. On the one hand, practicing in the community is of great benefit to improving students' sports ability. At the same time, due to the lack of standardized guidance and necessary places, it also causes certain hidden dangers to their sports. The training of physical education class or the school sports team is carried out under the guidance of teachers. Due to the relatively limited number of teachers in the school, it is difficult for clubs to find teachers' guidance, which makes them easy to get injured due to lack of physical education knowledge during practice. Place is also the cause of injury, and community activities need the approval of the school. However, due to the limited space, there is basically no well-equipped place for community activities, so the possibility of injury is greatly increased.
Two, the school sports injury accident responsibility identification
The occurrence of sports accidents will cause widespread concern in society, and schools and related teachers will bear different pressures. The safety of students is a common concern of the society, so it is often troublesome to identify the responsibility. Under pressure, schools and teachers are often regarded as the main responsible persons. In this way, there is a "student sports injury phobia" in the school. In order to avoid students' sports injuries and reduce the antagonistic and technical requirements of sports, schools and teachers pay attention to stability in course teaching. For example, in basketball games, students are not organized to practice, but only dribbling and shooting, which is not conducive to the improvement of students' sports ability. Therefore, only by clarifying the responsibility of school sports injury accidents can we solve this problem better.
1. Responsibility determination of sports facilities accidents
Accidents caused by sports facilities are mainly divided into three situations: First, improper maintenance and management of sports facilities. School sports facilities need to be overhauled regularly because of their long service cycle and high intensity. However, in schools, there are many cases, such as the collapse of basketball stands, potholes on the ground of sports venues, and the failure to timely repair sports facilities, which leads to the loss of facilities screws. This situation is likely to cause sports injuries when students do sports. Secondly, there is no safety sign. Sports need to abide by certain rules. In the necessary sports venues, in view of possible dangers, set up necessary safety signs to make students aware of potential safety hazards. For example, in swimming class, necessary reminders are needed to prevent students who can't swim from entering the deep water area and threatening their lives. Finally, security measures are not in place. Safety measures mainly refer to the use of some sports fitness equipment, which should be guided by relevant professionals, and at the same time, there should be instructions on the use of relevant equipment and machinery to ensure the safety of students in the process of sports. If the above three aspects cause sports injuries, the school shall bear relevant responsibilities according to law.
2. Responsibility identification of accidents caused by poor organization of sports activities
The poor organization of sports activities is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: in teaching, because the teaching content, the selection of teaching materials and the formulation of teaching plans do not follow the scientific implementation standards, or teachers do not give detailed technical guidance and safety education when organizing students to carry out sports activities, resulting in students' injury accidents, schools should conduct necessary investigations on teachers' behaviors and make them bear corresponding responsibilities. In the competition, the lack of necessary scientific investigation on the events of the competition has exceeded the students' load capacity, or when the school organizes students to exercise, it should bear the responsibility according to law in order to make the school achieve more excellent results. In training, teachers' teaching methods are too extensive and unscientific, which leads to students' physical endurance limit in the teaching process, and schools should bear the relevant responsibilities.
3. Responsibility identification of injury accidents caused by students' own health reasons.
If in sports, accidents caused by students' own physical reasons should be handled according to different situations. If the school knows the specific situation of students, but does not take corresponding measures to persuade or restrict them, it should bear corresponding legal responsibilities. However, if the school does not know that the students have not reflected their situation to the school and teachers, then the school will not bear the responsibility. But pay attention to this, because the school has a physical examination. If the school finds students' problems in the physical examination, but fails to pay attention to them, resulting in injury accidents for students, the school should bear part of the responsibility.
Three, the school sports injury accident prevention measures
1. Strengthen the management of sports facilities
Many sports injuries in schools are related to sports facilities. In order to solve this hidden danger in time, schools should start with the maintenance and management of their own equipment to provide a safe and reliable objective environment for sports activities.
(1) sports facilities procurement. In the procurement of school sports facilities, we should strictly follow the relevant national quality standards and purchase facilities that meet the requirements of use. Once the quality problems of facilities are found, which threaten the use of students, they should communicate with the manufacturers in time to ensure the quality of facilities. Because sports facilities are consumables, it is necessary to carry out regular maintenance, find problems in time, and contact relevant manufacturers for after-sales service. This requires the school's logistics management department to include the maintenance of facilities in the scope of work and formulate strict management systems.
(2) the management of the gym. In order to reduce the occurrence of school injury accidents, it is necessary to establish the necessary management system. System is the soul of a department. Only a perfect system can establish the relevant use norms, so that everyone can abide by the rules of the gym. For example, some dangerous equipment, such as barbells, should not be used independently without teachers or partners to avoid related accidents; Don't chase and fight in the gymnasium, because the ground in the gymnasium is relatively flat, and chasing and fighting can easily lead to related accidents. Warm-up before exercise is the basis of exercise. Nowadays, many students exercise directly without warm-up, which is easy to cause physical injury and related accidents.
(3) Set safety signs, instructions and precautions. Exercise has certain rules, so when using sports equipment or doing sports, you must abide by the instructions and the safety signs set by them, and try to exercise under the guidance of teachers or coaches to avoid sports injuries.
2. Strengthen safety education
Many students have no clear understanding of the physical education knowledge taught by teachers, no scientific concept of physical exercise, and show blind enthusiasm for physical activities. They think that only exercise is physical education class or physical activity, and theoretical knowledge learning and warm-up are a waste of time. This idea is a great threat to sports. Teachers play the role of instructors in sports. The knowledge taught in class should be demonstrated in practice, not simply preached, which has little influence on students. It is best to integrate physical exercise knowledge into students' learning process, so that students can truly feel the importance of theoretical knowledge of physical exercise and cultivate their interest in learning. At the same time, teachers must pay attention to warm-up in class. Exercise, especially strenuous exercise, is prone to cramps or sports injuries if necessary. Schools should popularize sports knowledge and make necessary publicity on the school bulletin board or radio. Through cases or small knowledge, it can not only be accepted by students, but also achieve good communication effect.
3. Standardize sports activities
The determination of teaching content and teaching plan should be based on the characteristics of students and the direction of teaching reform, taking into account the possible risks in sports and corresponding solutions, so that the guidance in the process of physical education teaching will be more targeted, teachers can provide more professional exercise programs for students' physical exercise, and communicate the problems that need attention in time. Different assessment criteria should be considered according to the characteristics of different students, which can not only arouse their enthusiasm for learning, but also not increase their pressure. Teachers should teach in strict accordance with the syllabus and put forward advance requirements for students' dress and dress in class. Students should be trained in warm-up exercises, and for Sanda, Taekwondo and other events, they should also be trained in stretching tendons to prevent students from pulling their bodies when doing big moves. Put an end to blindly increasing students' exercise for the benefit of the school or teachers' bonuses and other purposes, causing accidental injuries to students. To a great extent, sports injuries can only be prevented, but not completely eliminated. Therefore, on the one hand, teachers should educate students about possible safety hazards, on the other hand, they need to guide students on how to deal with emergencies when injuries occur. Sports competitions should be strictly managed, and students who participate in sports competitions should undergo strict physical examinations to prevent some students who are not suitable for physical exercise from participating in sports competitions. In addition, the equipment of the competition should be overhauled in advance, and the time and place of the competition should be adjusted according to the situation under special weather conditions.
4. Construct a medical and health system to prevent sports injury accidents in schools.
(1) Establish students' personal health records. Schools should attach importance to the establishment of students' health files, actively carry out students' physical examination, record students' physical condition, and decide whether students are qualified to participate in the competition according to the health files when there are related competitions in schools. In the past, many schools took the form of physical examination activities, ignoring the substantive content, which made many students not know what their problems were and blindly participated in sports competitions, which caused serious consequences. Now students will pay the necessary insurance fees at school. Schools and hospitals should make necessary records of students' illness at school, and cooperate with the health file management department to make necessary file management of students' medical history and related treatment. And establish the corresponding electronic information inquiry system, so that students can consult their own health files according to their own information and choose the exercise method that suits them. At the same time, this way can also avoid the worries of the school in the determination of related responsibilities, carry out sports more openly, enrich the form and content of sports, and improve students' learning enthusiasm.
(2) Establish an emergency medical assistance system. After sports injury accidents, students often can't deal with them in time due to the lack of necessary first-aid knowledge and skills, which leads to more serious consequences. Therefore, in sports events, it is necessary to equip necessary medical personnel to prevent possible accidents in the competition in advance, so that related accidents can be dealt with in time. In the course teaching, teachers should carry out necessary first-aid demonstration classes for students to demonstrate in class. Schools should not only have school hospitals with specifications matching the number of students, but also combine with community hospitals, sign specialized hospitals, and establish a campus medical system network to minimize sports injuries.