First, to cultivate reading ability, we must first strengthen word training.
When reading the text, you should understand the words and sentences, so as to better understand the main content and basic ideas of the article; Only by consciously using the words you have learned and organizing the sentences you need can you express your true feelings better and more accurately. Mastering certain knowledge of words and sentences is an important basis for developing reading and writing. Therefore, it is very important to guide students to understand words, accumulate words and guide students to use words, which is an important content of cultivating reading ability. Word training should pay attention to two points: first, pay equal attention to understanding and application, and combine learning with application; Second, it should be combined with reading the text and understanding the article. We should guide some common words to learn and use in speaking and writing. Some basic sentence patterns should guide students to deepen their understanding and let them make sentences orally or in writing and learn to use them. When guiding students to understand words, students should understand the meaning and usage of these words and sentences in specific language environment. Some words are understood as soon as you read them, and you don't need to explain them. Compare some words a little; Students will understand. Where should the focus of teaching be? The key point should be to guide students to speak, that is, to use orally. There is a saying in the fifth book "Morning Reading". "Now, they have learned to cherish time and study hard." It is not difficult for students to understand the meaning of this sentence. The key word "pity" allows students to look up the dictionary to understand the answer, then compare the two words "pity" to understand the answer, then compare the similarities and differences between "pity" and "pity", and then let students make sentences orally with the word "pity". Some said, "We must cherish time and study hard." Some people say, "We should cherish today's happy life, learn our skills and build our motherland better in the future." ..... Through speaking, it not only deepens the understanding of words, but also gives students a subtle ideological and moral education.
In order to make students better understand and use the rich language of the motherland, sometimes teachers can ask students to change words and sentences in the text. For example, the last sentence of The Wonderful Circus: "The uncles and aunts of the circus really have a way to make animals obey people's commands." The teacher inspired the students: "What would you think if you saw this wonderful circus? Who can say? " Some said, "Ah! What a wonderful circus performance! It's not easy for uncles and aunts to train animals so obedient and perform such wonderful stunts! " ..... This greatly enlivens students' thinking and improves their ability to use their mother tongue.
Second, the cultivation of reading ability should proceed from the reality of students and textbooks.
Chinese teaching in primary schools often only trusts students. I think students know nothing, and their understanding of the text depends entirely on the teacher's explanation. Even what the students have understood is said sentence by sentence. In this way, students' interest in learning is not strong, which inhibits their enthusiasm. Students just listen and passively accept. How to cultivate reading ability? In fact, some texts, or some paragraphs and sentences, will be understood after reading, and teachers don't need to talk more. For example, "The Rich Xisha Islands" describes the various colors of the sea: "There are dark blue, light blue, green, light green and apricot yellow, which are staggered, colorful and extremely beautiful." Describe coral: "Some are like blooming flowers, and some are like beautiful antlers. Sea cucumber ... big lobster ... "Students understand it as soon as they read it, and they read it vividly and with relish. The actual effect is much better than the teacher's blind analysis and explanation.
Students' reading ability can reflect their understanding of the text. If you don't understand the meaning of words and sentences in the text well, students will inevitably read poorly; If you don't understand the meaning correctly, the tone and feeling of reading aloud will be inappropriate and uncomfortable. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply understand the students' understanding of the text, and where are the difficulties. As long as you find three students in the upper, middle and lower levels to read the text separately, you can know the reality of the students. Only by understanding the reality of students can we teach freely. Some texts are far from the reality of students' lives, and students must be difficult to understand. For example, the sixth book "Ships in the Desert", because of the different living environment, students know little about deserts and camels. How can they understand? Teachers can project a ship sailing in the water and draw a camel standing in the desert. By comparing the two pictures, students can understand that "ship" refers to camel, which is a means of transportation in the desert, so people call it "ship" in the desert. Then the teacher asked why camels can live in the desert. What are its characteristics? How does it adapt to life in the desert? What's the role? What are the characteristics, skills and uses of camels? Guide students to read and discuss. In this way, through thinking training, the reading ability of primary school students is gradually cultivated. Reading teaching methods should not be the same. It depends on the content of the text, the actual level of students, what to say, what to read, what to practice and what to do. Teachers should boldly believe in students' understanding ability and believe that they can master a considerable part of the content through reading, practice and discussion. Teachers should explore how to effectively cultivate students' reading ability and develop their intelligence in view of those aspects that students are not easy to master.
Third, to cultivate reading ability, we should be good at inspiring students to question and fully mobilize their initiative and enthusiasm.
In reading teaching, only teachers ask questions and students answer, and students are always in a passive situation. We should teach students how to learn reading knowledge and form reading ability one by one. Gradually cultivate students' study habits. To cultivate students' reading ability, teachers should try their best to make students ask questions that they don't understand, so that students can learn more actively. Teachers can let students preview the text, read pinyin for words they don't know, and look it up in the dictionary for meanings they don't understand. If it can't be solved, the teacher will help. In teaching, teachers guide and inspire students to put forward incomprehensible places (such as sentences, a paragraph, a content, etc.). Sometimes, when students really can't mention it, the teacher asks them if they understand a sentence or a meaning. In this way, students can gradually develop the good habit of finding what they don't understand and asking questions when reading the text. The teacher tried to inspire the students to answer each other's questions. What they can't really solve is explained by the teacher.
Once students are inspired, their enthusiasm will be high, they will study hard and find more problems on their own initiative. Students have a stronger thirst for knowledge and a deeper interest in learning. For example, when teaching My Little Brother, students ask questions one after another: "Why does my little brother and his mother live in a women's prison?" "Why does my brother have to be escorted to class by spies every day?" "Why did the spy spy spy on his brother's class?" "In prison, why can my brother learn all his lessons well?" "Why does my brother study so hard?" ..... Therefore, only by being good at inspiring students to question and actively study can they really cultivate their reading ability step by step.
Fourth, to cultivate reading ability, we should pay attention to cultivating students' interest in extensive reading.
To improve reading ability, it is not enough to teach dozens of texts in class. We must actively stimulate students' interest in reading after class through reading teaching. In teaching, it is sometimes difficult for teachers to answer students' questions. However, mobilizing students solved the problem again. For example, after a teacher finished teaching Spider's Web, a student asked, "Spider's Web can stick to small flying insects, beetles and so on. , but it won't stick to itself. What is the reason? " The teacher didn't expect the students to ask this question. The teacher improvises and mobilizes the students to say, "Think about it! See who can figure it out? " A student replied, "Because spiders have oil on them, they can't stick." The teacher then asked, "How do you know?" The student replied, "I read it in the book Miss Grandpa." Because students read more extracurricular books, they not only improve their reading ability but also increase their scientific knowledge. In teaching, we often find that some students can properly use many words that have not been learned in textbooks when answering questions. It can be seen that students acquire knowledge through extracurricular reading. Therefore, encouraging students to read extensively is the way to improve their reading ability. Usually, teachers should pay attention to introducing reading materials that meet the students' acceptance level for them to read. Teachers should also inspire students to use the reading methods learned in teaching to read.
Students' extensive reading will enrich their knowledge and broaden their thinking. There is no doubt that it is a good way to make friends with the reading ability of primary school students.
In short, through purposeful, planned, orderly and step-by-step training, primary school students' reading ability will be gradually improved.