Frequent crustal movements have created hot springs all over Japan. From small islands on the sea to hidden places in the mountains, there are baths or various ornamental beauty and fitness hot springs everywhere. According to relevant data, there are more than 2,600 hot springs and 75,000 hot spring hotels in Japan from north to south. It is reported that about 1. 1 100 million people in Japan use hot springs every year, which is equivalent to the total population of Japan. Therefore, Japan has the reputation of "the kingdom of hot springs". Hot springs in Japan are not only numerous and varied, but also of high quality. There are famous hot springs almost everywhere. For the Japanese, soaking in hot springs is a kind of enjoyment and an indispensable part of life.
First, the definition and classification of hot springs
The "Hot Springs Law" enacted in the 23rd year of Showa, Japan has a clear explanation of hot springs.
Hot springs, that is, springs whose water temperature is above 25℃ when they gush from the ground or contain a certain amount of specified mineral components (even if the temperature is below 25℃) in 1 kg spring water, are hot springs. There are low hot springs below 34℃, medium hot springs above 34℃ and below 42℃, and high hot springs above 42℃. In addition, hot springs are divided into 1 1 types according to pH and osmotic pressure: pure hot springs, sodium bicarbonate springs, sodium salt springs, carbon dioxide springs, calcium-magnesium bicarbonate springs, sulfate springs, iron springs, hydrogen sulfide springs (sulfur springs), acid springs, radioactive energy springs (radium springs and radon springs) and aluminum-containing springs (aluminum springs).
Because mineral springs have the most salt content, springs with dissolved components exceeding 1 g in 1 kg spring water are called salt springs, and springs with salt content below 1 g (even if they contain multiple components) are called pure springs. Among them, the types of hot springs, such as carbonate springs and sulfur springs, are subdivided again according to the most components contained in hot springs.
When 1 kg spring water contains one of the following seven special components: 1. Free carbon dioxide 1000 mg; 2. Copper ion 1 mg; 3. Iron ion 20 mg; 4. Aluminum ion 100 mg; 5. Hydrogen ion 1 mg; 6.2 mg sulfur; 7. Oxygen11Beike is called a convalescent spring.
Second, the history of hot springs
Japan's ancient historical documents such as "Ancient Records" and "Journal" have detailed descriptions of the emperor's hot springs, which shows that the Japanese have long learned to use hot springs. In Nara era, due to the introduction of Buddhism, temples were built everywhere, and the bathing of monks played a great role in promoting the development of hot springs. At that time, people had discovered the therapeutic effect of hot springs. The records of Tangheyuan Hot Springs in Kanagawa Prefecture and Shenshantian Hot Springs in Nagano Prefecture in heian period's Ye Wan Ji show that the hot springs in the east have also been developed. At that time, hot springs were mainly used for leisure, therapy and various religious activities of nobles and monks. At that time, hot springs had a deep connection with religion. After the Yuan Dynasty founded the Kamakura shogunate and moved the capital from Kyoto to Kamakura, hot springs in the East China Sea, Northeast China and Jiaxin began to appear in historical documents, and sick monks went to hot springs everywhere for treatment. In the Muromachi era, hot springs became places of leisure and entertainment for dignitaries and others, and were not open to the general public. By the time of Antu Taoshan, hot springs had been widely used to treat wounded soldiers, especially in Jiazhou and Xinzhou, Takeda Shingen and Sanada Yukimura and other Warring States military commanders had their own "secret soup". In the modern edo period, because medicine was not very developed, the medical function of hot springs was paid attention to and developed to a great extent. During this period, not only generals and celebrities prevailed in hot spring therapy, but also the general public began to enjoy hot springs.
Third, Japanese hot spring tourism.
Nowadays, the development of hot springs in Japan is advancing by leaps and bounds, and there are many hot spring resorts all over the country. When it comes to holidays, family trips with wives, the world of sweet couples, or the sunset glow of the old couple, hot spring hotels of all sizes are crowded. Even some foreign tour groups joined in, making the hot springs more lively.
Speaking of hot spring hotel, its history can be traced back to centuries ago. At first, it was a place where ordinary people provided rest for businessmen, worshippers and foreign travelers. With the increase of demand, it has gradually become a commercial phenomenon, thus developing into a hotel. Rooms in hotels are generally separated by bars, and there are many living facilities in the house, providing comfortable living space and food and drinks for all seasons. Food can be said to be the signature of the hotel, especially in the evening, local specialties, local dishes, Shi Huai Cai and so on. Will prepare for you and feast your eyes.
The purpose of coming to the hot spring hotel is naturally to soak in hot springs. Generally, hotels will have one or two large baths. Due to different hotels, each room will also have an open-air bath and bathroom. Japanese prefer to take a bath with hot water than Europeans and Americans. Hot springs are generally between 37℃ and 43℃, and some public baths even have hot springs above 45℃.
Four. Introduction of famous Japanese hot springs
1. Biefu Hot Spring, Oita Prefecture
Beppu Hot Spring is located in Kyushu Island, southwest Japan, and belongs to Oita Prefecture. Beppu Bay in the east, Hejian Mountain with Asu National Park in the west, is a hot spring holy place with mountains and seas. The biggest feature of Beppu is its rich hot spring resources, which are rare in the world. Its spring water discharge is second only to Yellowstone National Park in the United States, ranking second in the world. According to the classification of hot spring water quality, there are 1 1 kinds of hot springs in the world, while there are 10 kinds in Beppu, which is the most concentrated area in the world. Therefore, Beppu has become the preferred hot spring tourist city for the Japanese.
2. Rehai Hot Springs in Shizuoka Prefecture
Rehai has been a famous hot spring resort since ancient times, and the earliest hot spring record dates back to 1200 years ago. It is one of the most famous hot spring resorts in Japan. There are 262 hot springs above 42℃, and the total number of hot springs per minute exceeds 20,000 liters, ranking fourth among Japanese hot spring resorts. There are many hot springs in Rehai, among which the most famous are Seven Springs in Rehai, namely, Da Tang, Heyuan Tang, George Lang Tang, Saemon Tang, Lv Feng Tang, Ozawa Tang and Nakano Tang.
Rehai hot springs are mainly "weak salt springs" containing salt similar to sea salt. After taking a hot spring bath, the salt will remain on the skin, which has a good moisturizing effect and will not feel cold after taking a hot spring bath. It also has sweating effect and can promote human metabolism, so it has curative effect on rheumatism, neuralgia, dermatosis and visceral diseases.
3. Cao Jin Hot Springs in Gunma County
Cao Jin Hot Spring, also known as "Medicine Soup", is located in Caojin Town, Gunma County, where my wife is located. It has always been famous for its beautiful natural environment and extremely high curative effect. Since ancient times, it has been a famous hot spring for treating diseases and strengthening the body. Its springs are hydrogen sulfide acid springs and acid sulfate springs, and the water temperature is as high as 50℃ ~ 96℃. It is effective for rheumatic diseases, neuralgia, chronic dermatoses, trauma, diabetes, etc. The natural gushing amount of hot springs in Cao Jin is about 40,000 liters per minute, ranking first among Japanese hot springs. In the "Tangtian" of Wenquan Street in Cao Jin, steaming hot spring water keeps flowing all year round. There is also a traditional activity in Cao Jin Hot Springs, which is to stir the spring water in the hot spring bath with long wooden boards, so that the medicinal components in the hot spring can be mixed evenly, the temperature can be lowered, the curative effect can be improved, and it has become the symbol of Hot Spring Street.
Japanese people call bathhouses "Lv Feng", so Japan has the reputation of "Lv Feng people".
The Japanese habit of taking a bath with soup began in the 8th century. At that time, most Japanese bathed in streams and rivers. Only monks in the temple can use hot spring baths, because they must be pure, so the bathing facilities in the temple are perfect. At that time, ordinary people did not have bathrooms.
In Japan, almost all modern hot spring hotels or hotels, as well as public bathhouses, tend to be wider and more comfortable than "imperial female soup". However, in recent years, the number of female soup-making customers has increased year by year, so many women require men and women to make soup as big as each other. In order to adapt to the new trend, some traditional hotels have to adopt a flexible way to dedicate the "Dianfang" bathhouse to "royal women" at a specific time, which is called women's time.
There are many kinds of hot spring hotels in Japan, and there are even large hot spring theme parks. Except for the swimsuits in the spa, the rest are natural nude swimming beaches. In the special place of the hot spring "Tang Zhi", there will be so-called hot spring therapists to guide bathers to perform correct bathing treatment. If you want to take a bath in the most cost-effective place, go to the public bathhouse. All hot spring towns in Japan have public bathhouses, and the payment is only 50 to 100 yen, and some places are even free.
Among many hot springs, the following five kinds of hot spring soups are now particularly famous in Japan.
Three-minute Bath Time Soup-Cao Jin Hot Springs. Cao Jin Hot Springs is located in Gunma County. The colder the weather, the more smog, and its biggest feature is strong acidity. The PH value is 1.5, which has a strong sterilization and detoxification effect, and has a good curative effect on beriberi and dermatosis patients. Because the temperature of this spring water is as high as 60 degrees, you can't take a bath, and adding water to dilute it for fear of affecting the curative effect, so you invented the method of drawing water with wooden boards to cool down. In the past, there was a famous soup bath called "Tang Chang" in Cao Jin. While shouting the beat, someone was holding a soup board about 1.8 meters long and 30 centimeters wide, listening to the beat to cool down. Then the soup guests take a bath in turn, but each person is limited to 3 minutes, so it is named "Time Soup". In addition, Cao Jin also has "Four Seasons Soup" with orange or lavender fragrance, and recently launched a hot spring slimming soup for slimming and beautifying.
Eye-catching soup-Zuodu Hot Spring: This soup is in a place called "Sadoshima". There are 10 hot springs in Sadoshima, most of which are salt springs. Among them, there is a warm legend about hot springs called "Anshou Chef Wang Zhi Soup". According to legend, the blind old mother shed tears in search of her missing daughter An Shou and her son Chef Wang, so there are salty springs everywhere in this area. This spring water contains boric acid and carrot acid which are beneficial to eyes, and has the functions of improving chronic eye diseases and improving eyesight.
Yuegang Spring, beauty beauty's beauty magic soup, is known as the first hydrogen sulfide spring in Japan, which has the functions of exfoliating, bleaching skin and even caring for the elderly. In recent years, the popularity of Guangdong-Hong Kong hot springs has soared. On the one hand, it has an alias of magic soup. The color of Guangdong-Hong Kong hot spring soup changes with the weather, sometimes charming and colorful, and sometimes presents bright emerald color. It is said that residents used to watch the color of soup to measure the weather!
Ikaho Hot Spring: Ikaho Hot Spring in Gunma Prefecture, only two hours away from Tokyo, has a long history. Spring began more than 65,438+0,300 years ago. It is brown and can be drunk in the bath. Because it contains iron, it can improve women's anemia and cold constitution through the skin, and also has the functions of beauty, weight loss and pain treatment. It is said that many infertile women are pregnant because of this soup.
Kawabata Yasunari's romantic Snow Country Soup-Tangze Hot Spring: "The long tunnel through the county seat is the Snow Country ..." This is the prologue of the award-winning work Snow Country by Japanese Nobel Prize writer Kawabata Yasunari. This sentence can be said to be a well-known and catchy sentence in Japan. Last year coincided with the centenary birthday of Yasunari Kawabata and the 60th anniversary of the publication of Snow Country. Tangze County has certainly become the most popular place in winter, and the hot springs in Tangze have also become the snow country soup that Kawabata Yasunari must soak on his romantic trip.
Tangze's hot springs belong to weak salt springs, which were discovered 800 years ago and have curative effects on stroke, arthritis and gastrointestinal inflammation.
For Japanese, going to hot springs in winter is equivalent to traveling, and hot spring tourism in 2 1 century must also be the most popular way in Japan.