Latin scientific name: Peach.

English name: Peach

Common name: peach tree

Variety Name: Peach

Plant type: angiosperms

Name of Family and Genus: Subgenus Peach of Rosaceae

Distribution: It is native to China and widely cultivated all over the world.

Morphological characteristics: small deciduous trees, 4-8 meters high. The leaves are ovate-lanceolate or round-lanceolate, 8- 12 cm long and 3-4 cm wide, with fine serrations on the edge, hairless on both sides or sideburns between the axillary veins below; Flowers solitary, the first leaf open, subsessile; Calyx tube campanulate, with short villi, ovate lobed leaves; Petals pink, obovate or oblong-ovoid; The fruit is spherical or ovoid, with a diameter of 5~7 cm, short hair on the surface, white and green, and ripe in late summer; What kind of fruit is pink, fleshy, juicy, fragrant, sweet or slightly sweet and sour? The nucleus is flat and heart-shaped and extremely hard.

Uses: Peach varieties are not only fruit picking varieties, but also flower viewing varieties, which bloom in early spring and are charming and moving, and are beautiful ornamental trees. The flesh is clear and sweet. Besides being eaten raw, it can also be dried and canned. Both fruit and leaves contain almonds, and the whole plant can be used as medicine.

Medicinal: (Compendium of Materia Medica) Mature peaches are called dried peaches, which can cure sweating and stop bleeding. The sun-dried tender fruit is called peach, which can cure hematemesis, distress, bleeding of pregnant women and sweating of children. The leaves are called peach branches, which can promote blood circulation, rheumatism, skin diseases and eczema caused by sweating. Roots and dried slices are called peach roots or peach heads, which are used to treat jaundice, abdominal pain and stomach heat. The flower is called white peach blossom, which cures edema and constipation.

Peach tree is a kind of light-loving tree with strong branches and rapid growth. If the management is not good, it is easy to grow white, which will affect the light, cause the dead branches to be empty, and the results will move out, leading to premature aging of trees and reducing the yield and quality. Therefore, it is very important to master the measures related to pruning, especially pruning in summer.

Planting technique: 1. Pick new buds. In summer, when the new shoots of peach trees grow to 30-50 cm, the core is removed for the first time, and the tops are picked in the right direction, position and angle above the appropriate auxiliary buds to control the growth of peripheral extension branches. Long branches valuable to crown space should be cored as early as possible, or cut short at branches with large angles, so that they grow obliquely from upright to form good fruiting branches and achieve the goal of stable production. The second is to use the open angle to remove the main branches with vigorous growth and small branching angle, and the side branches should be hung, pulled and braced before they are completely lignified. The opening angle should be even, the crown should be open, the growth should be moderate, the fruit-bearing ability should be improved, and the tree's ability to resist pests and diseases should be enhanced. Cut off the clusters of honey branches in time during the shooting period. Cut off the weak dense branches, overgrown branches, diseased branches and bitter branches that affect the ventilation and light transmission of the crown, save nutrients, improve light, enhance the ability of picking bamboo shoots and bearing fruit of inner cavity branches, promote fruit coloring and ripening, increase sugar content, improve fruit quality, enhance the disease resistance of trees and delay aging. Extend the fruiting period and increase economic benefits. 3. Take the branches on time and twist the branches correctly. In the summer growth period, the erect semi-lignified clustered branches are slowly bent from the base to the top for 2-3 times by hand, or the base of the branch tip is twisted by 19- 180 degrees to make it droop or become horizontal, thus slowing down the growth of the tree, promoting the formation of flower buds, increasing the fruiting branches and expanding the fruiting surface, and achieving stable and high yield. 4. Bud wiping positioning is also called bud breaking. When the tender buds of peach trees germinate, when 3-5 cm long shoots are taken out, the phenomenon of improper growth and excessive tender buds in this part can be erased by hand in time. Bud wiping is an important operation for grafting newly planted young trees and renewing old trees. It is better to wipe the bud sooner than later. Too late is not only difficult to erase, but also easy to leave scars, which will lead to gummosis, increase the cost of prevention and control, and affect the quality of fruits.

Seedling raising techniques of peach

Deciduous trees with black bark are common fruit trees and ornamental flowers. Peach trees like sunny, warm, slightly cold-resistant, fertile and well-drained soil, but alkaline soil and cohesive soil are not suitable. Not resistant to water and humidity, avoid cultivation in low-lying areas with water. The root system is shallow, but there are many and developed fibrous roots. Life is short. Grafting propagation generally uses peaches as rootstocks. It can be grafted with various varieties of peaches (such as nectarine and longevity peach), purple leaf plum and plum. The flowering period of peach trees is April-May, and the fruit ripening period is July-165438+1October, which varies with varieties. The 1000-grain weight of peach seeds is 4200 grams, about 240 seeds per kilogram, the germination rate is 95%, and the seeds are stored dry.

Seedling raising: Before sowing, seeds are generally stratified at low temperature. The method of layered treatment is: choose a place with high dryness and good drainage in late autumn, and dig a pit in the leeward and sunny place. The depth of the pit is above the groundwater level, depending on the number of seeds. Put stones at the bottom of the pit, add some coarse sand on it, and then spread 3-4 cm of wet sand. Put a straw handle in the pit to facilitate ventilation. Before stratification, disinfect the seeds, then mix the seeds with wet sand, and put them in into the pit, with the volume ratio of seeds to sand of 1: 3-5, or alternately stratify one layer of seeds with one layer of sand. The humidity of the sand should be held in a ball by hand, and it is advisable to let it go and touch it. When the seeds pile up to 10-20cm above the ground, cover them with 5cm river sand and 10-20cm thick straw. Dig drains around. Regularly check the temperature, humidity and ventilation during stratification and adjust them in time.

Sow and breed. One is to soak seeds in cold water to accelerate germination. Seeds suitable for low-temperature stratification for 60-80 days can be soaked in cold water for 3-5 days before sowing if they do not germinate, and the water can be changed once a day. After soaking, expose to the sun for 2-3 hours every day, then pile it up with plastic film, and keep warm and moist until the seeds germinate. The second is to soak the seeds with warm water. Seeds suitable for non-stratification treatment can be soaked in warm water about 65,438+0 months before sowing, continuously stirred to be cold, then soaked in cold water for 2-3 days (changing water once a day), mixed with wet sand for short-term stratification treatment, and germinated at 20-25℃ before sowing. Sowing is mostly on demand, with plant spacing of10-15cm and row spacing of 25-30cm. You can also use 40-60 cm and 20 cm wide and narrow rows to facilitate grafting. The sowing amount per mu is 40-80 kg, and the covering thickness is 3-5 cm. The soil preparation method and seedling management before sowing are the same as other seedling methods. When the ground diameter of seedlings grows to 65438±0cm thick, bud grafting can be carried out in July-August, and cutting grafting can also be carried out in the following spring.