Liang Shuquan (1912.9.17-2006.12.9), alias Debin,No. _ Quan, analytical chemist, educator, pioneer of analytical chemistry in China and academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Liang Shuquan 1933 graduated from yenching university, Beiping; 1934 to study in Germany; 1937 received a doctorate in natural philosophy from the University of Munich; Returning to China from 65438 to 0938, he served as an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry of West China Union Medical College in Chengdu and a professor in the Department of Chemistry of Chongqing University. 1947 as a researcher at the Institute of Chemistry, Shanghai Academia Sinica; 1947 After the establishment of New China, he worked as a researcher in the Institute of Physical Chemistry of China Academy of Sciences, Changchun Comprehensive Research Institute, Beijing Workstation of Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Chemistry; 1955 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences. 65438-0958 Adjunct Professor of China University of Science and Technology.
Since 1938, Liang Shuquan has been engaged in scientific research and education, systematically studied the analytical chemistry of rare earth and rare elements, and provided analytical data for the design of Baotou Iron and Steel Plant.
Chinese name: Liang Shuming.
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Yantai, Shandong Province
Date of birth: 19 12 September 17.
Date of death: 65438+February 9, 2006
Occupation: educational and scientific research worker
Graduate school: University of Munich
Main achievements: 1955 was selected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Masterpiece: determination of molybdenum and tungsten
The life of the character
19 12 September 17 Liang Shuquan was born in Yantai, Shandong, and his native place is Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong. His father Liang Kexian graduated from Amherst Agricultural College in America. My mother Kuang Wenfang taught in a middle school before marriage. Liang Shuming's mother enlightened him when he was young.
19 18 to 192 1 studied at yongmo village primary school in Xiangshan county, Guangdong province (later changed to Zhongshan county).
192 1 autumn, entered Beijing Huiwen Primary School. 1924 summer, graduated. Continue to enter Huiwen Middle School (now Beijing No.26 Middle School).
1927, after finishing the first year of high school, he was admitted to Beijing yenching university Preparatory College, and two years later he was promoted to the chemistry department of the undergraduate school of science.
1933, graduated with bachelor of science. His graduation thesis was published in both Chinese and English in the Geological Special Report published by Beijing Geological Survey Institute, which laid the foundation for his lifelong engagement in analytical chemistry.
From 65438 to 0933, before Liang Shuquan entered Beiping, he worked as an assistant in the Geological Survey Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, engaged in the chemical analysis of minerals and rocks.
1934, went to the Department of Chemistry of German Star University for further study. It took him two semesters to qualify for the main examination and pass it. Later, he worked with Professor Hernes Mei in atomic weight determination. Professor Vilander, head of the Department of Chemistry and winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry at 1937+0927, passed the oral examination of the examiners in February and obtained a doctorate in natural philosophy.
1938, feeling that the country was in deep trouble, he returned to his motherland as a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Analytical Chemistry of the University of Vienna, Austria. After arriving in Chengdu via Haiphong, Hanoi and Kunming in Vietnam, he served as an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry of the School of Science of West China Union Medical College and a teacher in the Department of Leather of the National Central Technical School.
1in the autumn of 939, I applied to Chongqing, where I taught in the Chemistry Department of the School of Science of Chongqing University for 8 years, including the last 6 years as the head of the department, and successively served as the faculty of Central Engineering College, Ordnance Engineering College, Fudan University and Jiaotong University.
65438-0945, Academia Sinica hired Liang Shuquan as a researcher at the Institute of Chemistry. At that time, the Institute of Chemistry was in Kunming, so we couldn't go because of the traffic difficulties. Later, the Institute moved back to Shanghai and took office in the autumn of 1947.
1Shanghai was liberated in May, 1949, 165438 10. In October, China Academy of Sciences was established, changed to Institute of Physical Chemistry, and 1952 moved to Changchun Comprehensive Research Institute. The following year, Liang Shuquan was transferred to Shenyang Metal Research Institute to help solve the analysis problems encountered in its mineral processing task, and then transferred to Shanghai Metallurgical Research Institute to help solve the analysis problems encountered in its smelting task.
1954 transferred to Beijing to work in Beijing workstation of Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry. He worked until 1956 Institute of Chemistry was established.
1955, Liang Shuquan was elected as the first member of the Department of Mathematics and Physics of China Academy of Sciences.
1in the spring of 987, he visited Hong Kong and served as a consultant of the Hong Kong Productivity Council (HKPC).
Major achievements
achievements in scientific research
Atomic weight of iron
Liang Shuming pays more attention to experiment than theory. He thinks that without practice, theory is always empty. Of course, theory is also indispensable, but it should come from practice. He followed Ziegler (1963 Nobel Prize winner in chemistry): "Without practice, theory is worthless. Don't indulge in grey theory and do experiments. " Earlier, Schur of the Netherlands also said: "Theory guides us to make decisions through experiments." These words can represent his personal attitude towards learning.
Analytical chemistry is mainly divided into chemical methods and instrumental methods. Liang Shuming believes that the two complement each other, complement each other, rather than mutually exclusive, and should be inclusive. The determination of atomic weight mainly includes chemical methods and physical methods. The latter uses mass spectrometer as a tool to capture the mass spectrum of an element. Calculate the atomic weight from the position and intensity of the spectrum (representing the mass and relative quantity of each isotope of an element respectively). In 1930s, the accuracy of mass spectrometer was not as good as that of chemical method. The system of chemical laws uses chloride or bromide of an element to react with silver nitrate. Firstly, the equivalent point of silver halide is obtained by fog comparison method, that is, the equivalent of this element to silver. Adding excessive silver nitrate to quantitatively precipitate silver halide. After filtration, silver halide was weighed, and the weight ratio of this element to silver was obtained by gravimetric analysis. The principle of this method seems not very complicated, but it is not easy to measure accurately. During the experiment, all possible errors should be minimized, so the drugs used should be purified from the purest products on the market. All the instruments used are made of timely or platinum; The balance used is specially customized for the factory and can weigh up to one hundredth of a gram. More importantly, it is difficult to complete this determination without skilled experimental technology and superb chemical knowledge. Liang Shuquan carefully prepared and purified all the drugs. After more than ten times of repeated determination, it was concluded that:
Fe=55.850(O= 16.0000)
In the second year after Dr. Liang Shuming's thesis was published, the International Atomic Weight Committee determined that the atomic weight of iron was 55.85 according to this value. 196 1 year, in order to unify the atomic weight scale of physics and chemistry, it was discussed at the 1 1 conference of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), and the scale was changed to C 12= 12, so the atomic weight of iron. It should be said that the numerical value determined by Liang Shuming has been used for many years, and the experimental results can stand the test. This is Liang Shuming's earliest academic achievement, but he was only 25 years old in 1998 and became one of the most successful chemists in the 1930s.
analytical data
In view of the rich rare earth resources in China, Liang Shuquan decided to focus on 1952 rare earth analysis and carry out systematic research work.
Baotou Baiyunebo Mine is a unique complex ore in China, and the analysis problem cannot be solved by general iron ore analysis methods. Because it contains fluoride and rare elements such as rare earth, niobium and tantalum. There are many difficulties in dissolution, separation and determination of ore samples. For example, the sample cannot be dissolved first; At the same time, because it contains fluorine, it affects the determination of silicon dioxide; It also contains a considerable amount of rare earths, and the farther away from the iron ore body, the more. How to separate iron from rare earth and how to establish rare earth analysis methods are all problems to be solved. The comrades of the working group led by Liang Shuquan used his rich knowledge of analytical chemistry to solve all the analytical tasks of the mine one by one, formulated various analytical methods for this national key task and analyzed a certain number of ore samples, and found out the composition of this complex mine, thus providing accurate data for the design of Baotou Steel, and at the same time promoting the research of analytical methods through this task. During the period of 1978, Liang Shuquan's research group won the Scientific Conference Award and the Achievement Award of China Academy of Sciences for "Study on the Analysis Methods of Rare Earth and Rare Elements in Baotou Baiyunebo Mine".
In the early 1950s, Liang Shuquan was still studying the influence of sintering and smelting of fluorine-containing iron ore on the air and water quality nearby, and made a preliminary investigation on the spot, which was one of the earliest environmental pollution studies in China.
Inorganic trace elements
At the end of 1970s, although Liang Shuquan was over 60 years old, he devoted himself to the research of separation, enrichment and determination of inorganic trace elements with great enthusiasm and efforts. The analysis of trace elements is an indispensable part of high-tech fields such as material science, life science and environmental science, but the sensitivity and selectivity of instrument analysis methods can not fully meet the needs of production and scientific research. In order to improve the accuracy of analytical methods, Liang Shuquan, with the assistance of his assistant, separated, enriched and determined trace elements such as scandium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, gold, silver, palladium and platinum in aqueous solution by flotation, liquid-liquid extraction, resin solid-liquid extraction, flow injection analysis, AAS determination and resin extraction. For example, the scandium of ppb grade (10-9) is enriched by iron hydroxide precipitation and sodium oleate flotation (equivalent to 1 ton of water 1 mg of scandium). They are also engaged in the research on the synthesis and application of polymer chromogenic reagents, and prepared two water-soluble polymer chromogenic reagents for the first time, and used these two reagents to formulate photometric determination methods for aluminum, magnesium, scandium and indium, providing new varieties for organic reagents for analysis.
In the early 1980s, Liang Shuquan and others engaged in the research on the analytical methods of trace iron, copper, zinc and manganese in serum samples, and cooperated with Beijing Hospital and PLA General Hospital to establish a method for determining the binding force of iron and total iron in a drop of serum, which provided a basis for the etiology and treatment of breath-holding attacks in infants. He also preliminarily clarified that the changes of zinc and copper contents are closely related to the pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of epilepsy patients. The above achievements have successively won four scientific and technological achievement awards from the General Logistics Department of the People's Liberation Army in Beijing and the Ministry of Health in China.
Noun verification
Liang Shuming believes that to develop a country's scientific cause, we must first unify scientific terminology, and whether the terminology is correct or not is very important. He often writes articles in professional journals to correct wrong nouns and state the advantages and disadvantages of some nouns. 1985- 1989 used to be a member of the National Terminology Review Committee and the chairman of the Chemical Terminology Review Committee jointly organized by the Association and chinese chemical society, and completed the examination and approval of many terms.
Chemical reagents are of great significance to chemistry teaching and scientific research. Therefore, Liang Shuming is very concerned about the preparation, production, variety and purity of chemical reagents. He has been invited to attend reagent conferences for many times, and served as the director of reagent societies under 1978 and 1984 China Chemical Industry Society.
Liang Shuquan once edited Journal of Analytical Chemistry Research Report of China Academy of Sciences 1955 (Science Press, 1957), Chapter 4 of Fifty Years of Chemistry in China, Fifty Years of Analytical Chemistry in China (Science Press, 1985) and Chemical Volume of China Encyclopedia (China Encyclopedia Press)
In short, Liang Shuquan has made great efforts in professional editing and publishing, examination and approval of chemical terms and chemical reagents for a long time. He recalled that when he was the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Chemistry, there was only one part-time assistant in the editorial department, and he had to do a lot of work. At that time, he was also a part-time teacher of China University of Science and Technology, and was also the vice president and member of the school. His work is very busy, but he feels very happy in order to spread the results and cultivate talents.
Academic exchange
Since 1942 attended the 10th annual meeting of chinese chemical society and read the paper, Liang Shuquan has participated in many academic conferences of chemistry and analytical chemistry at home and abroad, actively promoting academic exchanges at home and abroad. Especially in recent ten years, he presided over the national analytical chemistry paper report meeting, multi-component complex spectrophotometry analysis seminar and micro academic seminar, and participated in the national conference on rock and mineral analysis, marine limnology seminar and rare earth photometric analysis seminar, which promoted the development of analytical chemistry in China.
In terms of international academic exchanges, Liang Shuming participated in the academic conference on analytical chemistry organized by IUPAC, the annual meeting of the Chemical Society of the Democratic Republic of Germany and the seminar on rare metal chemistry in the 1950s, and served as the chairman of the group meeting. He was also invited to visit the Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, attended the symposium on complex chemistry and isotope utilization in the Soviet Union, and established friendly academic ties with the above-mentioned relevant units and scholars.
Since the reform and opening up, Liang Shuming has mainly devoted himself to academic exchanges between China and the Federal Republic of Germany and Japan. Since 1979, he has been invited to visit the Federal Republic of Germany and attend academic conferences three times. In addition to working in the ultra-pure materials laboratory of the Metal Institute affiliated to Max Planck Institute, he also served as a member of the academic committee of the 1 1 International Symposium on Micro-technology, and gave a congratulatory message to the opening ceremony of the "Training Course on Sampling Methods, Sample Processing and Data Evaluation" organized by the International Atomic Energy Association (IAEA), expounding his professional conference on analytical chemistry, and discussing "China's views on analytical chemistry, and more importantly, his.
Academic contact with Japan began at 1980. Liang Shuquan was invited to give a special report at the 29th annual meeting of Japan Analytical Chemistry Society, and introduced the present situation of analytical chemistry in China. This speech was translated into Japanese and published in the Japanese magazine Analysis. Since then, he has actively organized and participated in bilateral analytical chemistry exchange activities between China and Japan. Starting from 1983, it will be held alternately in China and Japan every two to three years. He is the head of the delegation, and delivered speeches and exchanged papers on our behalf, actively promoting this activity.
1, WilsonE.O, Liang Shuquan. Chemical analysis of apatite in Daao Mountain in Dangtu, southern Anhui. Special report on geology, 1935, a-13:107-12.
2. Liang Shuquan and Zhang Gannan. Determination of molybdenum and tungsten i. Determination of tungsten with alkaloids. Scientific records,1947-1949,2 (3): 295-302.
3. Liang Shuquan, Zhang Gannan. Determination of molybdenum and tungsten Ⅱ. Effect of molybdenum on determination of tungsten by alkaloids. Scientific records,1947-1949,2 (4): 360-366.
4. Liang Shuquan, Zhang Gannan. Determination of molybdenum and tungsten Ⅲ. Suitable combustion temperature of molybdenum trioxide and tungsten trioxide. Scientific records,1947-1949,2 (4): 366-373.
5. Liang Shuquan, Xu. Determination of molybdenum and tungsten ⅳ. Determination of molybdenum in barium molybdate. Journal of chinese chemical society, 1950, 17 (2): 89- 104.
6. Liang Shuquan, Shen Tianhui. Determination of aluminum and tungsten ⅵ. Determination of molybdenum by tin dichloride/thiocyanate colorimetry. Scientific records,1950,3 (2-4): 209-212.
7. Liang Shuquan, Zhang Gannan. Determination of molybdenum and tungsten ⅴ. Using basic azo dyes as tungstate precipitant. Journal of chinese chemical society, 195 1, 18 (1): 25-30.
Liang Shuquan, Zhang Gannan. Determination of molybdenum and tungsten ⅶ. 4,4'-benzidine and its derivatives are used as precipitants for tungstates. Science records,1952,5 (1-4):145-153.
9. Liang Shuquan, Tan Peixing. Determination of molybdenum and tungsten VIII. Determination of molybdenum (Ⅱ) by barium molybdate method. Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 1952/ 1953,19 (2):106-108.
10, Liang Shuquan, Xu Baojun. Determination of molybdenum and tungsten ⅸ. Determination of tungsten by barium tungstate method. Journal, 1956, 22: 93— 102.
1 1, Liang Shuquan, Xu Baojun. Determination of molybdenum and tungsten X. Determination of molybdenum by potassium ethyl xanthate colorimetry. Chinese Journal of Chemistry,1956,22 (3):171-176.
12, Liang Shuquan, Wang Shunrong. Determination of molybdenum and tungsten ⅶ. 4- amino -4 '- chlorobenzene is used as precipitant. Journal,1958,24 (2):117-1265438.
13, Liang Shuquan, Wang Shunrong, Han Hengbin. Determination of tungsten and molybdenum. Determination of tungsten with 1, 8- naphthalene diamine as precipitant. China Journal of Chemistry Supplement, 198 1, 109- 165438.
14, Liang Shuquan, Zhong Youlan, Wang Zhi. Enrichment of scandium from aqueous solution by flotation. Fei Sen, Eustace's anus. Chemistry. , 1984, 3 18: 19—2 1.
15, Chen, Zhong Youlan, Liang Shuquan. Relationship between pore structure of crosslinked polymethylmethacrylate-based loaded resin and separation performance of rare earth. Applied Chemistry,1988,5 (4): 2478.
16, Zang, Liang Shuquan. Polymer chromogenic agent and spectrophotometric analysis. Fei Sen, Eustace's anus. Chemistry. , 1989,334 (7): 636.
17, Liang Shuquan, Zang. Spectrophotometric determination of indium (Ⅲ) with polymer chromogenic reagent PV FPAQ. Fei Sen, Eustace's anus. Chemistry. , 1989,344: 5 1 1—5 13.
Wu Xiaojun Liang Shuquan 18. Enrichment of gold by ion flotation. Science Bulletin,1989,34 (18):1395—1397; English version of Chinese Scientific Abstracts,1990,35 (7): 562-566.
19, Zang, Liang Shuquan. Spectrophotometric determination of aluminum with polymer chromogenic reagent. Analytical laboratory,1989,8 (5):1-3.
20. Zang and Liang Shuming. Spectrophotometric determination of trace magnesium with polymer chromogenic reagent. Trace analysis,1989,5 (3): 7-10.
2 1, Wu Xiaojun, Liang Shuquan. Enrichment of gold, silver, palladium and platinum by precipitation flotation. Fei Sen, Eustace's anus. Chemistry. , 1990,336 (2): 120— 123.
22. Chen, Zhong Youlan and Liang Shuquan. Detection and determination of rare earth elements by flow injection analysis. Bulletin of Analysis and Testing,1990,9 (1):1-8.
23. Zang and Liang Shuming. Study on the color reaction between polymer developer PV FPNS and scandium. Trace analysis,1990,6 (3-4): 67-71.
24. Ma Huimin, Liang Shuming. Precipitation and flotation enrichment of rare earths. Trace analysis,1990,6 (3-4): 29-34.
25. Liang Shuming and Zang. Synthesis and properties of polymer developer PV. FPNS。 Chemical reagent, 199 1, 13 (6): 323-325.
26. Chen, Zhong Youlan and Liang Shuquan. Continuous detection of elution curve of extraction chromatographic column by post-column reaction spectrophotometry. Analysis and test bulletin, 199 1, 10 (6): 15-22.
27. Liang Shuming and Xiao Hongzhan. Determination of trace titanium (Ⅳ) by solid-state extraction spectrophotometry. Rock and mineral testing, 199 1,10 (4): 259-261.
28. Chen, Zhong Youlan and Liang Shuquan. Monoalkyl isoalkyl phosphonate as extractant for rare earth separation. J. Rare earth, 1992,10 (2):142-147.
29. Ma Huimin, Liang Shuming. The redox reaction between them. DBC-azoospermia and stannous chloride. Analysis and test bulletin, 1992,11(1):13-17.
30. Zang and Liang Shuming. Sensitization of parent chain in polymer developer. Chemical reagent, 1992,14 (3):129-131.
3 1, Chen, Zhong Youlan, Liang Shuquan. Separation of rare earths by reversed-phase chromatography with mono-1- methyl heptyl octadecyl phosphonate. Analytical Chemistry,1992,20 (8): 876-880.
personnel training
Liang Shuming has trained a large number of talents in his 60-year chemical research and teaching career. Some of them were elected as members of the department, and many of them became professors, academic leaders or the backbone of scientific research and teaching. He trained 6 master students and 7 doctoral students.
Liang Shuming is strict with his students. He not only teaches by example, but also sets an example. He systematically trained students by consulting literature, determining topics, preparing drugs, operating experiments, analyzing data and writing experimental reports. He often goes to the library to consult literature and learn about the latest international trends. He has accumulated information for decades. Even during the Cultural Revolution, he tried to take time to read, using calendar paper and old envelopes as cards. He bought instruments and medicines, lived within his means, and made both ends meet. He often educates students to get the best results at the least cost, and makes and purifies drugs by himself in the process of scientific research. Although his eyesight has declined with age, he still works tirelessly. He insists on going to the laboratory every day to guide scientific research, write or discuss problems with students. He advocated and insisted on group academic activities, listened carefully to each student's report and participated in the discussion. He always passes on his knowledge and experience to the younger generation without reservation. He often writes and revises research papers by himself, and he will scrutinize the manuscripts handed to him by students word by word, even if they are irregular words and misused punctuation marks. Use chemical terms as accurately as possible, check the cited documents one by one, and check the listed experimental results one by one. This meticulous and rigorous academic attitude is the best education for young people. More importantly, when publishing a paper, he often puts other people's names first and writes his own name at the end. This concern for cultivating students' excellent moral character after learning has won the respect of his assistants and students. Liang Shuquan and his collaborators have published more than 20 papers/kloc-0 in professional journals at home and abroad. The main research work is classified according to methods, including gravimetric method, volumetric method, colorimetric method and photometric method, liquid-liquid extraction method, paper chromatography and electrophoresis method, application of organic reagents in inorganic analysis, flotation enrichment and column extraction enrichment of trace elements, etc. As far as elements and groups are concerned, there are molybdenum, tungsten, rare earth elements, precious metals, fluoride ions and sulfate radicals, as well as magnesium, lead, nickel, aluminum, titanium, zirconium and niobium. The materials analyzed are Sichuan coal, Zhou Dynasty bronze (chemical composition) and Baiyun (sulfur form, nitrogen content and ash composition analysis), and a number of people's Aobao iron ore and surrounding rocks are also cultivated, which are divided into inorganic materials.
Honor recognition
social service
Liang Shuquan, who is very busy, has been engaged in a lot of work such as periodical editing, chemical terminology examination and approval, chemical reagents and so on for a long time.
1940, Liang Shuquan joined chinese chemical society as a permanent member and served as the executive director, director and chairman of the analytical chemistry professional Committee of the association; The third editorial board of Chemistry (1943- 1949), the editorial board of Journal of chinese chemical society (1946- 1954), and the deputy editor of Journal of Chemistry (1954-). He is also a member of the advisory board of Tarant, an international journal of analytical chemistry published in Britain (1963- 1968, 198 1- 1984). China Oceans and Lakes and its English Edition Editorial Committee; Standing editorial board of analytical chemistry. At present, he is a consultant for Chemical Reagents, Bulletin of Analytical Testing, Trace Analysis, Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Laboratory, Rock and Mineral Testing, Analytical Chemistry Translation and Analytical Chemistry Series. He is also employed as a consultant of Guangdong Testing Institute, Beijing Pharmaceutical Corporation and Beijing Modern Analytical Testing Center.
Liang Shuquan was a member of the First and Second National Science Planning Commission, a member of the Chemistry Group of the State Science and Technology Commission, and the head of the Analytical Chemistry Group of the Commission. Before the Cultural Revolution, he participated in the formulation of national scientific planning many times.
He has worked part-time in Peking University (1950s), China University of Science and Technology (1958- 1965), China Academy of Sciences Graduate School (1970s), Shanghai University of Science and Technology, Changsha University of National Defense Technology (1980s) and Northwest University (19 1 present).
Personality assessment
Liang Shuming is honest, willing to be poor, and takes pleasure in devoting all his energy to the scientific cause of the motherland. Besides devoting himself to academic research, he also has certain attainments in classical literature and old poems, especially the works of Su Dongpo and Xin Qiji, as well as Wen Tianxiang's Song Zhengqi and Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting. When he was young, he also liked to read biographies of scientists, especially chemists, and used them as a guide to his struggle. All these have a certain influence on him. 1September 992 17 When the Department of Chemistry, chinese chemical society and Institute of Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences congratulated him on his 80th birthday, they donated 20,000 RMB from the savings of the late Mrs. Lin Lan to chinese chemical society, hoping to set up an analytical chemistry prize in the Chemical Society.
Commemoration of future generations
1993, the Liang Shuming prize for basic research in analytical chemistry was formally established, which is the highest prize in the field of analytical chemistry named after analytical chemist Mr. Liang Shuming. The prize aims to encourage young and middle-aged analytical chemists in China to devote themselves to the basic research and education of analytical chemistry, cultivate outstanding talents and promote the development of analytical chemistry in China.