Paper Keywords: quality education, exam-oriented education, educational ideas, educational methods
Abstract: As we all know, the serious problem of exam-oriented education in China has become a tasteless chicken rib. However, in order to realize the successful and rapid transformation from exam-oriented education to quality education, teachers, as one of the main bodies of teaching activities, can not be ignored, and what plays a decisive role for teachers is their educational concepts and the resulting educational methods. This paper aims to discuss this problem.
First, exam-oriented education and quality education.
To discuss how to lift the exam-oriented education, we must first clarify two concepts, namely, what is exam-oriented education and quality education. Let's look at exam-oriented education first. Simply speaking, exam-oriented education refers to an educational behavior that is divorced from the needs of social development, violates the laws of human development, and takes the entrance examination as its sole purpose. Ignoring ideological and political education, not paying attention to the cultivation of non-intellectual factors such as personality quality and spiritual quality. Let me talk about quality education. It refers to an educational model which is based on people's innate endowment and aims at improving the quality of the educated, and is committed to forming and developing an internal and relatively stable physical and mental organizational structure and corresponding quality level. It attaches importance to people's ideological and moral quality, ability training, personality development, physical health and mental health education. From the comparison of the two concepts, it is not difficult to see that quality education is mainly student-oriented and aims to equip students with various skills in social life, while exam-oriented education is more mixed with utilitarian factors, and excessively pursues external physical factors and ignores people's growth and success. However, education needs to create a space for everyone's good personality growth to the greatest extent, and continuously provide the greatest innovation power for the benign development of society. Obviously, exam-oriented education can't achieve the basic purpose of education, so we say it is a drawback.
Second, the origin of exam-oriented education
Where is the source of exam-oriented education? Now there are different opinions in the education field. After the author's summary, there are roughly the distribution of teachers, the baton of the college entrance examination, and the education system. These opinions can be said to be of great benefit to the solution of the problem. However, in addition, the author believes that we have neglected the key role that teachers, as the main body in teaching activities, can play in fulfilling their roles, and failed to treat teachers as an educational subject with subjective initiative. To understand this, we must first understand what a teacher is: "Teachers are selected according to national standards and serve as professionals in school education." As for its importance, there is a wonderful exposition in Mr. Ye Lan's masterpiece Introduction to Education: "From the perspective of the whole (education) system, teachers' activities play a connecting role. On the one hand, the requirements of the state and learning for the education sector must be implemented by teachers. Only when teachers understand and accept these requirements and turn them into their own educational ideas and viewpoints can they really implement these requirements. On the other hand, students' growth and development in school are also directly influenced by teachers' work. Only when teachers are fully prepared and have a professional awareness of their work can they effectively promote the development of students. " In fact, the ultimate goal of our educational behavior is to internalize the best and most beneficial ideas and concepts into students' minds, and the special status of teachers fundamentally determines the success of education. For example, if the whole education system is regarded as a dynasty, then the emperor is equivalent to the minister of education. Conversely, the principal is the county magistrate, the teacher is the county magistrate, and the students are civilians. No matter how the emperor asks the following officials to be honest and upright, whether the grassroots people can live a happy life depends on the county officials, who are honest and happy and who are greedy and sad. Therefore, ignoring the role of teachers' educational concepts has a great influence on our educational work. 1909 Lenin emphasized in his letter to Comrade Yuli Vanya, a student of Capri Party School: "The most important thing in any school is the ideological and political direction of lectures. What determines this direction? Only the instructor can decide ... any supervision, any syllabus, etc. Do not change the teaching direction decided by the instructor. " Therefore, to achieve good educational results, a necessary condition is that teachers have a correct educational concept and correct educational methods. Educational concept is a relatively new concept, which contains many aspects. Generally speaking, he is an educator's understanding of the whole education system through his own feelings and understanding of teaching in his daily teaching work, including how to teach, how to evaluate and how to improve the status quo. It often changes due to the change of teachers' outlook on life and values and the change of their environment, and it has deep-rooted characteristics because of its accumulation in practice. Educational methods are the educational methods and corresponding evaluation methods adopted by teachers in practical teaching work under the guidance of educational concepts. As the saying goes, "thinking determines the way out", so if we want to really change exam-oriented education, the breakthrough lies in teachers. Only by being a good teacher can education return to the scheduled track. So, what should be the correct educational concept? At present, there is no unified view on this issue. We think it should be a people-oriented concept, with the goal of cultivating all people. It pays attention to students' overall level, attaches importance to students' ideological improvement and personality cultivation, gives full play to students' creativity, and pays attention to the all-round development of students' various qualities. It can check and evaluate students in various ways, and then take effective measures to ensure that students' potential is fully exerted. Obviously, it is difficult to form such an educational concept. However, the lack of this understanding is just like a young man who has not formed an outlook on life and values suitable for social development. Then, he will be easily rejected by the times and eventually eliminated. "
Third, how to ensure?
Now that we know that teachers must have a correct educational concept, the next question is: how can we ensure that all teachers fighting in the front line have and unswervingly adhere to this concept? In my opinion, the following three points are crucial:
1. Increase the internship time of normal students and let them participate in practice more. I once heard a senior student talk about her idea of internship and said, "I thought I could be a good people's teacher by learning the knowledge in the textbook very solidly." However, when I really went to the battlefield, I found that those backward things were basically useless. Although I know to teach students in accordance with their aptitude, you will feel at a loss and embarrassed when the students are in front of you, because you don't know what method you should take with them. Now normal colleges are similar to other majors in other universities. They all practice for one or two months when their senior year is about to graduate, which is not very scientific. We often say that we should teach students in accordance with their aptitude, but there is a premise that we should have a full understanding of "materials" and know how to teach correctly. During the internship period of one or two months, if it is possible to understand the "material", it will be too difficult to teach it correctly-it requires repeated practice and summary, and it can never be done overnight. Therefore, we should increase the proportion of practice. The most serious consequence of insufficient internship time is that graduates take it for granted to understand the actual teaching, which leads to an empty talk, which is of no benefit to the actual teaching. What you need at the end of class can only be known in practice. The author thinks that they should practice at least once every school year, so that they can explore and study what they need and what they lack. In this way, in the following study life, he can study purposefully, on the one hand, improve his learning efficiency, on the other hand, he can also improve his practical teaching ability.
2. Improve teachers' salaries and benefits, and attract outstanding young people with aspirations to engage in education. We should see that the country has been working hard for this, but the reality is still not optimistic. Teachers have made great contributions to the centennial plan of education, and they should be rewarded accordingly!
3. School leaders should choose carefully. It is not enough for teachers to have correct educational concepts and methods. We should also give them a platform and some opportunities to implement many plans in their minds and let them teach according to their own ideas. The foundation of all this comes from school leaders, who also play a decisive role in the implementation of exam-oriented education and quality education. As mentioned in the example of taking the education chain as a feudal dynasty, the role of teachers in the whole system is only the county magistrate, and the actions of the county magistrate are largely under the jurisdiction of the county magistrate, that is, the principal. The encouragement and support of the wise and avant-garde school leaders is the basic guarantee for the implementation and success of many teachers' innovative education methods. Tao Xingzhi said: "The principal is the soul of a school. To comment on a school, you must first comment on its principal. " School leaders are not only the administrators of school education, but also the practitioners of education, and the responsible subject of school management, which plays a direct guiding and regulating role in promoting education and teaching activities. Therefore, the role of school leaders behind this, we really can not ignore.
The most popular change in education is to cultivate people's purposeful social activities. Since it is a social activity, it is a part of society, and its development is restricted by all aspects of society. Therefore, it is by no means a simple matter to completely change the current educational situation in China, and it must be comprehensively considered from political, economic and cultural aspects. Therefore, we must fully understand how all these factors are closely related. Only when many aspects related to education, such as teachers, system and selection, change at the same time, can education make substantial progress. It is not only beneficial but also harmful to the whole change to pay attention to one aspect and ignore other aspects. Therefore, China's education can make great progress only when we fully analyze all the factors that restrict education and take unified measures to take action. It should be said that it is difficult to solve today's educational problems just by changing teachers' ideas. However, as one of the main bodies of educational activities, teachers can not be ignored. Otherwise, China's education is like a sparrow with broken wings, and no matter how hard it tries, it is hard to fly higher.
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