First, the purpose of the hundred poems is not to make people pay attention to the material world, but to lead people into the spiritual world, so that people can see the world in which material and spirit are integrated, and the directors are harmonious and impartial. This is the core of human culture and should be the central theme of a hundred schools of thought.
The so-called spiritual world is the "Mingde" that Confucian universities want to achieve. The "Tao" mentioned by Laozi and Zhuangzi is the metaphysical spiritual world described by Socrates and Plato, and it is also the Prajna described by Buddhism, the "clear mind and understanding nature" described by Zen Buddhism in China, and the "Holy Spirit" described by Christianity. Although the name is different, it is actually the same thing. So, there is only one truth. When people's knowledge reaches a certain level, they will become one, just like a hundred rivers. Although the starting point is different, it will eventually merge into the sea. It is also like the moon in the sky. The fifteenth day of the first lunar month is different, but what everyone sees is really the moon, but the lack of a circle is different.
It is not easy and too difficult for people to reach the realm of sages and realize their true self, but that is the truth and the only right way for human education. Only by grasping the difficulties can we do our best. Sima Qian put it well, "Although the mountain is high and unattainable, the heart yearns for it." Plato in ancient Greece believed that only by recognizing the true face of the world can we govern the country and people well and shape an ideal country. To tell the truth, even if people understand that there is such a thing, it is still a big problem. If they really understood, they would already have such a high spiritual level. In order to explain this matter well, Mr. Gu Hongming specially wrote a book "The Spirit of China People", and interpreted this spirit as tenderness, wisdom and innocence. Gu is a gifted scholar with superior intelligence. Does this book he wrote make people understand what the spirit of China people is? No, it would be nice to have a vague impression at most.
People will think that this is not a trick, but it is just jaw-dropping. Tell you, there are ways to enter. Confucianism says "be sincere and learn from the scriptures", Buddhism says "avoid wisdom", Plato says it is easy to understand, and western countries are still continuing his educational methods. Both he and his teacher Socrates believe that to sublimate from the material world to the spiritual world, we must first learn mathematics, which contains the dialectical relationship between the truth of the world and things; The second is to learn geometry, and the third is to learn solid geometry. Because people's cognition of spatial dimension can only reach three dimensions, solid geometry is only in the primary stage, far from mature enough to guide people. Fourth, study astronomy first, then music, gymnastics, art, and then join the army to serve the country. Only after passing these customs can we learn dialectics. It should be noted that this learning program designed by him is sequential and insurmountable. Dialectics is not something that ordinary people can learn. Hiding anything is not Plato's suspense. If there is no foundation ahead, you can't learn at all. If you want to learn, you can only learn the true meaning, which is useless and misleading. Everyone should pay attention to the fact that by this standard, several people in western history can pass it, which shows that this method is not easy, but it is not easy either. Now everyone is still doing what Socrates is doing, and modern western education cannot go beyond this scope. People can't know everything, but they can learn a little and make great achievements, but they are still far from the requirements of the Republic.
By contrast, our method in China is much better. Buddhists say that "mind your own heart, do whatever it takes", and Confucianism says that "the way to a university lies in virtue, in being close to the people, and ends in perfection". Zhi Zhi then has a decision, then he can be quiet, then he can be calm, then he can be safe, then he can think about it, and then he can get it. "Therefore, Confucianism teaches people to cultivate one's morality and cultivate one's sexuality. Only in this way can we settle down and find peace of mind to gain wisdom. Confucius can say, "I don't know one thing, which is a disgrace to Confucianism", but I dare not say it unless I can do it. Confucian education is also very simple. Read the book ten thousand times, its meaning is self-evident, only teach people to recite. Some people doubt whether this method will work. You can look at it by someone's performance. In A Dream of Red Mansions, Jia Baoyu said that she could read attentively, while Lin Daiyu said that she could read quickly. You say this is a novel, which is not credible. During the Three Kingdoms period, there was a man named Zhang Song who represented surprisingly in the Han Dynasty. Cao Cao showed him his own "Meng De Bing Shu". He flipped through it three times, five times, twice, and then recited it backwards. God? The above Mr. Gu Hongming, when he was ten years old, was hanging upside down with a newspaper on the tram in England. Some people laughed at his ignorance of English. As a result, he recited the newspaper for people to read, and finally said, your English words are only 26 letters, which is too simple. I learned it by looking backwards. It makes people stunned. China is backward in culture. Ok, I'll show you a little trick and play with your English. I can't refuse to accept that some people say this is a genius. I tell you, we all have this ability, but it has not been well developed. This educational method has been used for thousands of years in the history of China, and it is called imitation. Unfortunately, it has basically disappeared now.
A hundred schools of thought contend that learning from others is an effective and unique method in Chinese traditional education and should not be given up easily. In the new era, it is our glorious mission to inherit and carry forward this educational method.
Second, Hundred Poems is a cultural exchange platform for human multiculturalism to seek common ground while reserving differences and live in harmony.
A popular book in modern international society is Clash of Civilizations, written by samuel huntington, a famous American scholar, in the early 1990s. This book holds that the essence of competition among modern countries is cultural competition, and culture is an element of national competitiveness, the most important social capital for economic development, the spiritual basis for participating in international cooperation and political alliances, and the basic force leading the international political pattern. Future conflicts are likely to be conflicts between the West and non-Western countries. He particularly emphasized the threat of Confucian civilization and Islamic civilization to the west, especially the possibility of Confucianism and Islam joining hands.
It should be said that many of Professor Huntington's viewpoints, especially his methodology of studying international politics, are unique academically. The viewpoint he expounded is a problem worthy of attention and has great potential influence in the realistic international relations. Some of Professor Huntington's ideas may have been inherited by modern so-called elite groups in some western countries, and they are playing a great role in our time. This is a fatal flaw in modern international culture, which is leading mankind to a dangerous abyss, and is likely to plunge the world into endless confrontation, conflict and war, or even beyond redemption. I wonder how terrible the danger in Jaken is. It can confuse the rulers of big countries and make them use their country rashly, resulting in irreparable consequences. This was predicted by Plato, a western philosopher, in The Republic a long time ago.
Huntington's view is a typical portrayal of intellectuals in this era. Their eyes are limited to the material world and they know nothing about Plato's spiritual world. They only see the differences of civilizations, but can't see the fundamental unity. This one-sided consciousness leads to the wrong methodology, declares the irreconcilable contradiction between cultures, and makes the establishment of contradiction project the theme of human politics. The world's greatest historian in the 20th century, Dr. Tomby of Britain, believes that scientific and technological progress is beneficial to material civilization, but it is not conducive to improving people's goodwill, good knowledge and ability, and is not conducive to improving the relationship between people. He is worried about the moral gap brought by scientific and technological civilization.
China's traditional concept has always believed that harmony is the most important thing, that gentlemen are harmonious but different, and that villains are not harmonious. One for many, many for one. Now the Pope of Roman Catholicism has instructed archbishops all over the world to seriously study these thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. How can the elites of Christian-oriented western countries turn a deaf ear to this?
Therefore, the mission of the ancient philosophers is very heavy, because the situation in the modern world is too severe. In the face of some mainstream cultures such as the clash of civilizations, it is another sorrow in today's world if a huge public opinion group does not point out correct, concrete and incisive views. If we are insensitive to this, we can say that the disaster of human society has opened the door.
"Hundred Scholars' Papers" should organize people with lofty ideals to seriously study the origin and development of various cultures, understand and carry forward their harmonious and friendly nature, gather people of insight from all over the world to discuss with them, summarize and publish real information, and make people realize that human culture is highly unified, inherited and complementary, and resist the one-sided statement of the theory of clash of civilizations.
Third, the goal of a hundred schools of thought contend is to cultivate the real masters of human culture in the world.
A cultural phenomenon, no matter how lively its external scene is, has caused a great sensation. If there are no outstanding figures, they are doomed to be low-level and will not leave a deep mark on human history.
Because history always belongs to heroes, times make heroes, and heroes make history. This poem "Humble Room Inscription" by Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said, "The mountain is not high, but the fairy is famous; The water is not deep, and the dragon has spirit. " Mr. Mei Yiqi, the former president of Tsinghua, also believes that the so-called scholar is not an architecture, but a master.
In his speech as president of Peking University, Cai Yuanpei clearly explained to the students: "You must have a purpose to study here. To be fair, we must predict the nature of universities. Nowadays, it is inevitable that people will succeed in their studies when they run special schools. But this is not the case in universities, and those who learn advanced knowledge are also great scholars. "
So, what can be called profound knowledge and who can be called a master?
A few days ago, Mr. Ji Xianlin, a leading scholar in modern Chinese academic circles, announced his resignation as a master of Chinese studies, which caused people to discuss the title of master. The master, the most knowledgeable teacher, learns to be a teacher by example and behave in the world. Nothing he doesn't understand, nothing he doesn't care about, and nothing he doesn't do is open-minded. This kind of fixed standard, Mr. Ji Lao understands, but of course he can't bear it. If you suffer from it, you will surpass it, which is deceiving the world and stealing its name. Advise everyone to learn more knowledge, don't throw your hats around, and want to praise others but embarrass them.
Profound and profound, knowing and doing in one, Confucianism calls it a saint, Zen calls it a bright heart, Christianity calls it "being with God", Plato calls it metaphysics, and modern people call it a master.
Mr. Cai Yuanpei, the famous former president of Peking University, inherited the spirit of Confucianism and Plato and divided the world into two parts: the phenomenal world and the physical world. He believes that the ultimate goal of education is not for the happiness of the world, but to achieve a material world that is not worthy of the name. If the name must be heavy, it is "either Tao, Tai Chi, dark consciousness or ignorant will". The correct education of human beings cannot deviate from this goal, and it is evil to leave it, just like modern western education.
Mr. Cai put forward the concept of aesthetic education, arguing that aesthetic education is the most important way to educate the world outlook and the only bridge that people must pass from the phenomenon world to the entity world. The importance of aesthetic education stems from its characteristics. In Cai Yuanpei's view, there are only two obstacles for people to move from the phenomenon world to the real world. One is the difference between people and me, and the other is the pursuit of happiness. "Someone and I, there are all kinds of boundary paintings in the phenomenon, which are all contrary to the entity. If you have a camp, you will try. If you don't have yourself, you will have pain. And its tunneling is an excessive demand, which follows the phenomenon and leaves the entity. " Therefore, the key to being an official is to move from the phenomenon world to the entity world, which is the characteristic of aesthetic education. He said that in the phenomenal world, everyone has feelings of love, fear, anger, sorrow and joy, but these feelings change with the phenomena of people's clutch, life and death, fortunes and interests, while aesthetic education makes people "have no other thoughts except aesthetic feelings". Later, in the article "Replacing Religion with Aesthetic Education", Mr. Cai made the characteristics of aesthetic education more clear: "Pure aesthetic education cultivates our feelings, makes us have noble and pure habits, and makes people's opinions, selfish interests and selfish thoughts gradually eliminate people who are in love." It is precisely because aesthetic education has the characteristics of cultivating people's feelings and making people's moral quality noble and pure. Therefore, Cai Yuanpei thinks: "Therefore, educators have to use aesthetic education if they want to reach the concept of material world from the phenomenon world."
Now let's analyze that Mr. Cai's aesthetic education is actually to restore people to their pure nature. Mencius is talking about the pure heart, while Zen is talking about the true colors, which everyone has and is lost because of greed. If you don't go selfish and greedy, nonsense about true wisdom is just to seek fish from the wood, so Mr. Cai Yuanpei hates the vulgar concept that students take learning as a stepping stone and pursue fame and fortune. He believes that this original intention limits the development of people's wisdom. He earnestly taught Peking University students, "If you don't take root at this time, study hard, and you will be forced to make a living and go to work in the future, which will delay." Politics is bound to delay the country. Is it a mistake, your own mistake and others' mistakes, or what you want? So the purpose can't be unfair. "
It can be seen that Taisha, a saint at all times and all over the world, has earnestly taught people to seek true wisdom and learn to ask questions, which is not enough to be a teacher. It should not only help to build up one's own spirit, but also help one's own body and the world. This kind of wisdom cannot be learned in books. As the saying goes, you forget when you see the moon. Books are just learning tools, just like a boat crossing a river, which is abandoned when it comes ashore.
So the bearer of true wisdom is man, that is, the master. If a nation or an era lacks a master, it will be the fall of the whole era, representing the decline of human wisdom, which is more unfortunate than the lack of material life.
Why is there a master's fault It is because human beings have lost their desire for the most precious phenomenon in the world, and their minds are confused. The light above is imperceptible, insensitive and consistent!
Kyushu's anger depends on the wind and thunder, and it is precisely because of this profound consciousness that Baishi Paper issued a sobering call, calling on every member of human beings to respect themselves, be sincere and upright, and pursue the beauty and sublimation of life. I believe that if you are sincere, the stone will open the way, the humanistic atmosphere will be achieved in one go, and talents will come forth in large numbers.