After decades of construction, China has initially formed a relatively complete comprehensive transportation system, which has played an irreplaceable role in the economic and social development of regions and cities. However, with the development of economy to a certain extent, the development of modern logistics puts forward higher requirements for urban transportation system. Therefore, it is necessary to study the relationship between transportation system and logistics system.
First, the impact of the improvement of transportation system on the development of modern logistics.
1. Expand the scale of logistics and drive the growth of logistics industry. Continuous improvement of transportation system; The improvement of transportation infrastructure will obviously promote the development of logistics. For example, the expressway network with a certain scale, through its radiation and attraction, can form a more dynamic logistics industry and a larger distribution service range, so that the logistics industry presents a rapid growth momentum. The further improvement of China's transportation system will create a broad space for the development of the logistics industry.
2. Improve the level of logistics services and optimize the layout of logistics outlets. The improvement of the transportation system and the overall level can accelerate the circulation of social materials, thus promoting the rational allocation of logistics outlets needed for the operation of the national economy. Most traditional material enterprises need to configure large warehouses, and a high-level regional transportation system can quickly connect warehouses scattered all over the country. After scientific planning and reorganization, a modern logistics system will be established, the logistics service radius and the space for goods distribution will be expanded, and the service level will be greatly improved.
3. Promote the rationalization of logistics activities and integrate the functions of logistics system. Establishing a high-level regional transportation system can give full play to the advantages of logistics activities in this region. In the construction of transportation system, we should organically combine the scale expansion of transportation network with the improvement of technical level and the development of expressway, promote the adjustment of transportation structure, accelerate the development in the direction of modernization and intensification, and promote the functional integration of logistics system.
Second, the development of modern logistics requirements for the transportation system
The transportation system here mainly refers to the urban freight system, which is an important support for urban logistics activities and a basic condition for the development of urban economic and social activities.
(A) the classification of urban logistics by flow direction
Based on the need to study the relationship between logistics and transportation system, urban logistics can be divided into three levels according to the direction of logistics:
1. Transit logistics. Transit logistics is related to the location of the city and the development level of urban productivity. Generally speaking, the higher the level of urban production, the less transit logistics. The lower the production level of cities, the greater the transit logistics volume, and the transit logistics volume of small and medium-sized cities is even greater than that of cities. Therefore, the transportation network serving transit logistics should be arranged in the periphery of the city to avoid unnecessary interference to the urban area.
2. Logistics inside and outside the market. Logistics entering and leaving the city is closely related to the city's external radiation ability, one is the connection between the central city and the counties within the city's jurisdiction, and the other is the connection between the city and the city and even the international community. Cities at all levels play a connecting role in their economic regions. The stronger the function of a central city, the greater its market flow. It is very important to plan and build a good regional transportation network and give play to the role of logistics radiation in central cities.
3. Local logistics. Urban logistics is related to the city's own production, life and capital construction. The above values are different for cities of different nature and scale. Generally, small and medium-sized cities have a large amount of transit logistics, while large cities have a large amount of logistics in and out of the city. Therefore, when planning traffic, we should aim at specific situations.
(B) the logistics requirements of urban traffic
1. Requirements of logistics on modes of transportation. The choice of urban cargo transportation mode should meet the requirements of saving land, facilitating users and protecting the environment according to the size of urban logistics volume, and should be combined with the physical geography and environmental characteristics of the city to reasonably choose transportation modes such as roads, railways, water transport and pipelines. When organizing the transportation of goods, we should give full play to the advantages of various modes of transportation according to the characteristics and applicable conditions of various modes of transportation, in line with the principles of economy, convenience, flexibility and safety, choose an effective combined mode of transportation, realize the direct door-to-door transportation of goods in the transportation process as much as possible, and reduce the losses and time lag caused by multiple transshipment in the middle.
In the process of logistics, improving the quality and speed of transportation will create new additional output value and generate new economic benefits.
The choice of cargo transportation mode aims at reducing transportation cost, improving the quality and efficiency of transportation service, adopting combined transportation and saving logistics cost. On the basis of giving full play to its advantages, the equilibrium point analysis method is used to reasonably select highway, railway, water transport, aviation and pipeline transportation. By comparing the fixed investment of a certain transportation mode with its total transportation cost, the most effective and economical transportation mode is selected.
The specific requirements of logistics for the choice of transportation mode are:
(1) The bulk cargo transportation with an enterprise transportation volume of more than 50,000 tons/year should be transported by rail or water.
(2) When the transportation volume of gas, liquefied fuel and liquefied chemical products with fixed transportation lines is more than 500,000 tons/year, pipeline transportation should be adopted.
(3) When the transportation distance of goods outside the city is less than 200 kilometers, the road transportation mode should be adopted.
(4) The proportion of freight vehicles in large and medium-sized cities should be determined by comparison and selection according to the characteristics of goods. The proportion of large, medium and small vehicles in big cities can be1:2: 2 ~1:5: 6; Small and medium-sized cities can be determined according to the actual situation.
2. Requirements of logistics on urban road system. Urban roads should meet the requirements of urban logistics, special transportation and environmental protection, and be combined with the flow direction of logistics.
Urban freight road is an important channel for urban freight transportation, which should meet the transportation requirements of the city's own large-scale equipment, products and disaster-resistant materials. Special consideration should be given to its road standard, bridge load grade and clearance. The number of people leaving the city for foreign freight traffic should be determined according to the urban land use, the direction and flow of goods entering and leaving the city, generally not less than 3 people, and connected with the foreign highway network. The population is too small, the mobility is too concentrated, and the roads in the urban-rural fringe are overwhelmed.
The specific requirements of logistics for urban road system include:
(1) When the logistics volume of urban roads is more than 600 standard cars during peak hours, or the daily logistics volume is more than 5,000 standard cars, a dedicated freight lane should be set up. (2) The freight lane should meet the requirements of extra-large cargo transportation. (3) There should be convenient freight roads between important sources of goods and distribution points in the city. (4) There should be no less than two freight roads in large industrial areas. (5) When the day and night transit logistics volume is more than 5,000 TEU, special transit freight lanes should be set up at the edge of the city. (6) Unified planning of urban roads, ports, railways, airports, etc. The influence of logistics distribution in transportation hub areas on urban main road traffic should be fully considered.
Thirdly, the relationship between transportation system and logistics system.
Modern transportation system is the reliable technical guarantee of modern logistics system. Usually, transportation hub is an optional layout of logistics outlets, and the development of modern logistics industry also puts forward higher requirements for the improvement of transportation system. To sum up, the relationship between transportation system and logistics system can be summarized as follows:
1. The development of modern logistics industry requires the improvement of transportation system. With the development of economy and the construction of logistics system, the logistics volume of regions and cities will continue to increase, and the freight volume of regions and cities will also increase accordingly, which requires improving or re-planning the transportation system to meet the needs of modern logistics development.
2. The establishment of modern logistics system depends on modern transportation system. Only when the transportation systems of regions and cities are modernized can the logistics systems of regions and cities be finally modernized.
3. The improvement of transportation system should be conducive to promoting the sustainable development of logistics system. The improvement of regional and urban transportation systems should fully consider the needs of modern logistics, which is conducive to the development of multimodal transport and integrated logistics, realize agile supply chain management, and thus realize the sustainable development of modern logistics systems.